1

IB Biology
2010
Cell Theory, Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes, Cell Cycle
(100 Points)

Name: ______________________________________________________________
Date: ___________________________
Period: _____

Multiple Choice: On your ScanTron, enter the letter of the answer that best completes the statement or
answers the questions.
1) Which of the following is a characteristic of organelles?
They are only found in eukaryotic cells
a)
They are only found in prokaryotic cells
b)
They are sub-cellular structures
c)
They are all membrane bound
d)
2) The key below can be used to identify some of the structures in the cytoplasm of liver cells.
Which structures are ribosomes?
Enclosed in a membrane
Not enclosed in a membrane

go to 2
go to 3

Diameter less than 100 nm

Diameter greater than 100 nm

A.
B.

Composed of one globular structure

Composed of two sub-units

C.
D.

3) What are organelles?

Small structures in the cytoplasm of a cell that all have more than one function.
a)
Membrane-bound structures found near the nucleus of all cells.
b)
Discrete structures found inside all cells that have specific functions.
c)
Specialized cells inside an organ that have one function.
d)
4) Which organelles have a transport function?
Ribosome and Golgi apparatus
a)
Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
b)
Mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum
c)
Mitochondrion and ribosome
d)
5) Which of the following features is/are present in mitochondria but not in chloroplasts?
I.
DNA and ribosomes
II.
Outer and inner membranes

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III.
a)
b)
c)
d)

Cristae

I only
II only
III only
I and III only

6) Which pair of features is correct for both plant and prokaryotic cells?
Plant cell
Prokaryotic cell
a)
Able to change shape
Fixed shape
b)
Contains DNA associated with protein
Contains naked DNA
c)
DNA enclosed by membrane
DNA associated with protein
d)
Chloroplasts may be present
Chloroplasts may be present
7) In what way are eukaryotic chromosomes different from prokaryotic chromosomes?
Eukaryotic chromosomes
Prokaryotic chromosomes
a)
Protein is present
Protein is absent
b)
DNA is present
DNA is absent
c)
RNA is present
RNA is absent
d)
RNA is absent
RNA is present
8) What describes the functions of the following organelles?
Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmatic reticulum
a) Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
ATP production
b) ATP production
Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
c) Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
Processing of proteins
d) Processing of proteins
Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
9) Which combination of features is found in most plant and animal cells?
Plasma membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus
a)
Cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes
b)
Rough ER, nucleus, centrioles
c)
Plastids, cytoplasm, nucleus
d)
10) Which of the following structures are present in both plant and animal cells?
I.
Cell wall
II.
Chloroplast
III.
Mitochondrion
a)
b)
c)
d)

I only
I and II only
I and III only
III only

11) What is the correct order of increasing size for the following biological structures?
I.
The width of a virus
II.
The width of a bacterium
III.
The thickness of a cell surface membrane
IV.
The diameter of a eukaryotic cell
I III II IV
I III IV II
III I II IV
c)
III II I IV
d)
12) Which of the following are prokaryotic cells?
a)
b)

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Plants
Fungi
Bacteria
Animals
B and C only

13) All of the following molecules are part of the cell membrane except
Lipids
a)
Nucleic acids
b)
Proteins
c)
Phosphate groups
d)
Steroids (cholesterol)
e)
14) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
DNA
a)
A cell wall
b)
A plasma membrane
c)
Ribosomes
d)
An endoplasmic reticulum
e)

15) Which of the following comparisons between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is incorrect?
The lack of organelles in prokaryotes means that they are structurally less complex than
a)
eukaryotes
The lack of internal membranes means that prokaryotes cannot compartmentalize function to the
b)
same extent as eukaryotes
All membrane function in prokaryotes is accomplished in the plasma membrane, while in
c)
eukaryotes, these functions are more distributed among the organelles
The specialization of function in organelles suggests that eukaryotes will contain a wider variety
d)
of phospholipids than prokaryotes
The lack of organelles in prokaryotes means that the basic cellular functions are different in
e)
prokaryotes than in eukaryotes
16) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following
molecules?
Lipids
a)
Starches
b)
Proteins
c)
Steroids
d)
Glucose
e)

17) The area of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane is called
Cytoplasm
a)
Protein
b)
Organelle
c)
Intracellular compartment
d)

e)

DNA

18) Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
Ribosome
a)
Lysosome
b)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c)
Mitochondrion
d)
Contractile vacuole
e)
19) The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of some animals
Enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops
a)
Enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids
b)
Enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids
c)
Makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell
d)
Makes the animal more susceptible to circulatory disorders
e)
20) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
Rough ER
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Plasmodesmata
c)
Golgi vesicles
d)
Tight junctions
e)
21) The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following
statements correctly describes this polarity?
Transport vesicles fuse with one sides of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side
a)
Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modifies as they move from one side of
b)
the Golgi to the other
Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of
c)
the Golgi to the other
All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function
d)
22) Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane
system?
Golgi Lysosome ER plasma membrane
a)
Chloroplast plasma membrane nuclear envelope smooth ER
b)
Nuclear envelope Lysosome Golgi plasma membrane
c)
Rough ER vesicles Golgi plasma membrane
d)
ER chloroplasts mitochondria cell membrane
e)
23) Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free
ribosomes?
A cell that is secreting proteins
a)
A cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes
b)
A cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix
c)
A cell that is digesting food particles
d)
A cell that is enlarging its vacuole
e)
24) According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement
about membrane phospholipids?
they frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other.
a)
They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the
b)
membrane.
They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution
c)
They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.
d)
They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.
e)

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25) A bird egg is a single large cell, whereas a human blood cell is a much smaller single cell because
Cell size is related to cell function
a)
Bird eggs contain a large amount of nutrients
b)
Human blood cells must fit into small blood vessels
c)
All bird cells are larger than all human cells
d)
All of the above except d
e)

26) In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular
components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization?
Chloroplast
a)
Lysosome
b)
Central vacuole
c)
Peroxisome
d)
Glyoxysome
e)
27) Which of the following is not a known function of the cytoskeleton?
To maintain a critical limit on cell size
a)
To provide mechanical support to the cell
b)
To maintain the characteristic shape of the cell
c)
To hold mitochondria and other organelles in place within the cytosol
d)
To assist the cell motility by interacting with specialized motor proteins
e)
28) Which of the following pairs of organelles/functions are mismatched?
Nucleolus ribosomal RNA
a)
Nucleus DNA replication
b)
Lysosome protein synthesis
c)
Cell membrane lipid bilayer
d)
Cytoskeleton microtubules
e)
29) _____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Cell walls
a)
Flagella
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Pili
e)
30) Which of the following statements would be true of the surface-to-volume ratio of a cell that doubled
in volume?
The ratio must decrease if the cell is to continue obtaining enough nutrients and gases
a)
The ratio must decrease, or the cell will lose too many biomolecules through its membrane
b)
The ratio must increase if the cell is to continue obtaining enough nutrients and gases
c)
The ratio must stay the same, so that the balance of transport of material into and out of the cell
d)
will not be disturbed
Both a and b are true
e)
31) Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your mouth. What
should you do?
Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. Since each little piece
a)
must be dissolved separately, the drop will last longer
Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the largest surface-to-volume ratio, and slow the
b)
dissolution of the cough drop
Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. This increases the
c)
surface-to-volume ratio, and slows the dissolution of each cough drop

d)

e)

It doesnt matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total amount of cough drop
is all that matters
Both a and c

32) Which of the following is not found in prokaryotic cells?

Nucleus
a)
Pili
b)
Cell wall
c)
Capsule
d)
Ribosomes
e)
33) Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?
It is a peripheral membrane protein
a)
It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule
b)
It require the expenditure of cellular energy to function
c)
It works against diffusion
d)
It has few, it any, hydrophobic amino acids
e)
34) Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are _____ cells.
Plant
a)
Animal
b)
Prokaryotic
c)
Eukaryotic
d)
Fungal
e)

35) You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them
through a microscope and see cells walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude that the
cells
Are plant cells
a)
Are animal cells
b)
Are bacteria
c)
Could be either plant or bacterial
d)
Could be plant, animal, or bacterial
e)
36) Peroxisomes
Synthesize steroids
a)
Photosynthesize
b)
Produce hydrogen peroxide
c)
Are not enclosed by a membrane
d)
Are a component of the cytoskeleton
e)
37) Unlike animal cells, plants cells have _____ and _____. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have _____.
Large central vacuolescell wallscentrioles
a)
Centrioles.large central vacuolescell walls
b)
Large central vacuolescell wallscell membranes
c)
Chloroplastscell wallscell membranes
d)
Centriolescell wallslarge central vacuoles
e)
38) Cellular metabolism
Consists or different processes that require different conditions
a)

b)
c)
d)
e)

Can occur within organelles

Can involve the synthesis of steroid hormones
Does not occur in plant cells
A, b, and c

39) Compartmentalization of a cell

Divides the cell into two equal-sized halves
a)
Allows different metabolic processes to occur simultaneously
b)
Is accomplished by the endomembrane system
c)
Is accomplished, in part, by the ER
d)
B, c, and d
e)

40) Long fibers of DNA and protein are called (a)

Chromatin
a)
Nucleolus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Lysosome
d)
Central vacuole
e)
41) The function of the nucleolus is
To manufacture polypeptides
a)
To manufacture ribosomes
b)
Intracellular digestion
c)
To store chromatin
d)
To produce H2O2
e)
42) Secretory proteins are
Produces by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
a)
Transported out of the cell in transport vesicles
b)
Produced by the cell for internal use
c)
Released from the cell through the plasma membrane
d)
Both b and d
e)
43) The cells that produce hair contain a lot of _____. The cells that produce the oils that coat the hair
contain a lot of _____.
Smooth ER.lysosomes
a)
Rough ER.smooth ER
b)
Smooth ER.rough ER
c)
Microbodies.lysosomes
d)
Nuclei.chromatin
e)
44) White blood celsl engulf bacteria through what process?
Exocytosis
a)
Phagocytosis
b)
Pinocytosis
c)
Osmosis
d)
Receptor-mediated exocytosis
e)
45) Chronic administration of a drug (such as a barbiturate or an antibiotic) may cause the liver to
Produce additional smooth ER
a)
Increase the production of enzymes that detoxify the drug in question
b)
Increase the production of enzymes that break down certain other drugs or foreign substances
c)

d)
e)

Increase the bodys tolerance to the drug

All of the above

46) Smooth ER
Aids in steroid formation
a)
Is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells
b)
Produces proteins for cell membranes
c)
Produces antibodies
d)
Both c and d
e)
47) Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of
the following choices best describes the route of insulin from its production to it exit from the cell?
Rough ER, smooth ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane
a)
Rough ER, Lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane
b)
Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane
c)
Rough ER, transport vesicles, cell membrane
d)
None of the above
e)
48) The Golgi apparatus
Is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another
a)
Stores proteins, modifies proteins, and packages proteins
b)
Strings together amino acids to produce proteins
c)
Forms fats from glycerols and fatty acids
d)
Is the site of carbohydrate breakdown
e)
49) Lysosomes
Help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles
a)
Recycle materials within the cell
b)
Fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to hydrolytic enzymes
c)
Can destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells
d)
All of the above
e)
50) When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its Lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the
cell. As a result of this, that cell will
Recycle damaged organelles
a)
Produce additional ER
b)
Undergo cell division
c)
Produce replacement Lysosomes
d)
Undergo autolysis (self-digestion)
e)
51) Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?
Lysosomes
a)
Golgi apparatus
b)
Smooth ER
c)
Nucleus
d)
Ribosomes
e)
52) A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found to
paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protests. A biologist looking at one of these organisms
would find the organism
Has lost water and shrunk
a)
Has gained water and burst
b)
Has died of malnutrition
c)
Has died because wastes have built up in the cytoplasm
d)
Is surviving but is unable to reproduce
e)

53) The function of chloroplasts is

Cellular respiration
a)
Intracellular transport of proteins
b)
Lipid synthesis
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Intracellular digestion
e)
54) The function of mitochondria is
Cellular respiration
a)
Intracellular transport of proteins
b)
Lipid synthesis
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Intracellular digestion
e)
55) The mitochondrial matrix is
Found in the intermembranous space
a)
Enclosed by the inner mitochondrial membrane
b)
Enclosed by the grana
c)
Found on the surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane
d)
Enclosed by the inner membrane of the chloroplast
e)
56) Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of
ATP synthesis would increase
a)
ATP synthesis would decrease
b)
Photosynthesis would increase
c)
Lipid synthesis would increase
d)
Protein synthesis would increase
e)

57) Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments

Consist of twisted double chains of actin molecules, whereas microtubules are composed of
a)
proteins called tubulins
Are straight hollow tubes, whereas microtubules are solid helical rods
b)
Are composed of fibrous proteins, whereas microtubules are composed of globular proteins
c)
help to anchor organelles, whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape
d)
and move
Both a and d
e)
58) A drug that interferes with microtubles formation is likely to completely disrupt
Cell division
a)
The amoeboid motion of a cell
b)
The ability of sperm cells to move
c)
Contraction of muscle cells
d)
A and c
e)
59) A child is hospitalized for a series of chronic bacterial infections and dies despite heroic efforts. At
autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that he childs white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles
containing intact bacteria. Which of the following explanations could account for this finding?
A defect in the Glogi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the bacteria
a)
A defect in rough ER prevented the synthesis of the antibodies (defensive proteins) that would
b)
have inactivated the bacteria
A defect in the cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells
c)

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d)

e)

A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed
bacteria
A defect in the surface receptors of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells.

Read the passage below and the use the graph that follows to answer questions 56-59.
The amount of DNA in a diploid cell is represented by the symbol 2c. As a cell replicates the DNA in its
chromosomes, the DNA content rises from 2c to 4c. At the next mitotic division, the separation of the
chromosomes returns the DNA content of the daughter cells to 2c. This information is represented in the
graph below. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow.
4c
DNA
Content
2c

P. M. A .T

Interphase

Interphase

60) The DNA content of the cell represented in the graph changes
Once
a)
Twice
b)
Three times
c)
Four times
d)
61) Which of the following situations lasts for the longest time before the end of mitosis?
DNA content remains steady at 4c
a)
DNA content increases from 2c to 4c
b)
DNA content decreases from 4c to 2c
c)
DNA content remains steady at 2c
d)
62) The graph shows that DNA content falls to 1c
When gametes are produced
a)
At no time during mitosis or interphase
b)
During the second half of meiosis
c)
During the second half of mitosis
d)

63) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the graph?
The graph shows how a cell changes its activities as a result of changes in DNA content
a)
The graph shows why the DNA content of a cell changes
b)
The graph shows how the DNA content of a cell changes during interphase and mitosis
c)

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d)

The graph shows how DNA is replicated

Identification

C
E

64) In the diagram above, letter A is pointing to what structure

Nucleus
a)
Ribosome
b)
Chromatim
c)
Nucleolus
d)
Chromsomes
e)
65) The function of the structure labeled B above is
To create lipds
a)
To create steroids
b)
To create proteins
c)
To create amino acids
d)
None of the above
e)
66) Structures like letter C would become more efficient if
They were larger
a)
They had more internal membrane folds
b)
They utilized alcoholic fermentation
c)
A and b
d)
A and c
e)
67) In the diagram above, letter E is pointing to what structures
Nucleus
a)
Ribosome
b)
Chromatim
c)
Nucleolus
d)

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Chromsomes
e)
68) The structure that letter E is pointing to would be equivalent to what real world business?
McDonalds
a)
UPS
b)
WalMart
c)
JCPenny
d)
All of the above
e)
Short Answer
69) Describe, in detail, the concept of endosymbiotic theory and how it pertains to eukaryotic cells.

70) Diagram the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane. Make sure to label all parts of the diagram.

71) Sketch, label and briefly describe the function of each part of a prokaryotic cell.

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72) Describe how and/or why humans are or are not immortal. Be specific with the reasons as to reasons
for this.

73) Before cell division in unicellular and multicellular organisms, the nucleus must divide to produce two
genetically identical nuclei. Explain the events that occur in cells that result in the production of
genetically identical nuclei.

74) Cell division in unicellular organisms can increase the population size. Outline reasons for the
population of a unicellular organism not increasing, despite reproduction by cell division.

75) In detail, describe the difference between the following terms: chromatin, chromosomes and sister
chromatids.