India

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This article is about the Republic of India. For other uses, see India (disambiguation).

Republic of India
Bhrat Ga arjya

Flag

Emblem

Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)

"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]

Anthem: Jana Gana Mana

"Thou art the rulers of the minds of all people" [2][3]

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National song
Vande Mataram
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1][3]

Area controlled by India shown in dark green;

claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.

Capital

New Delhi
2836.8N 7712.5E

Largest city

Mumbai
185830N 724933E

Official languages

Hindi
English[4][5][nb 1]

Recognised regional languages

8th Schedule[show]

National language

None[9][10]

Religion

79.8% Hinduism
14.2% Islam
2.3% Christianity
1.72% Sikhism
0.24% others[11][12]

Demonym

Indian

Government

Federal parliamentary
republic[1]

President

Pranab Mukherjee

Vice President

Mohammad Hamid Ansari

Prime Minister

Narendra Modi

Chief Justice

T. S. Thakur[13]

Speaker of the House

Sumitra Mahajan

Legislature

Parliament of India

 Upper house

Rajya Sabha

Lower house

Lok Sabha

Independence from the United Kingdom

Dominion

15 August 1947

Republic

26 January 1950

Area
Total

3,287,263[14] km2[b] (7th)

1,269,346 sq mi

Water (%)

9.6

Population
2015 estimate

1,276,267,000[15] (2nd)

2011 census

1,210,193,422[16] (2nd)

Density

387.2/km2 (31st)
1,002.8/sq mi

GDP (PPP)

2015 estimate

Total

$8.027 trillion[17] (3rd)

Per capita

$6,209[17] (124th)

GDP (nominal)

2015 estimate

Total

$2.182 trillion[17] (7th)

Per capita

$1,688[17] (141st)

Gini (2009)

33.9[18]
medium 79th
0.609[19]

HDI (2014)

medium 130th
Currency

Indian rupee () (INR)

Time zone

IST (UTC+05:30)
DST is not observed

Date format

dd-mm-yyyy

Drives on the

left

Calling code

+91

ISO 3166 code

IN

Internet TLD

.in

other TLDs[show]

India, officially the Republic of India (IAST: Bhrat Gan arjya),[20][21][c] is a country in South Asia. It is
the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populouscountry (with over 1.2 billion people),
and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south,
the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders
with Pakistan to the west;[d] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Myanmar
(Burma) andBangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and
the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border
with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires,
the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long
history.[22] Four religionsHinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhismoriginated here,
whereas Zoroastrianism, Judaism,Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also
shaped the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of
theBritish East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United
Kingdom after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, India became an independent nation in 1947 after
a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
Currently, the Indian economy is the world's seventh-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by
purchasing power parity (PPP).[17] Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became
one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country.
However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition and inadequate
public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third-largest standing
army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is
a federal republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 29 states and 7 union
territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, and a multi-ethnic society. It is also home to a diversity
of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.