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Rule On Dna Evidence
Rule On Dna Evidence
06-11-5-SC)
Rules on DNA Evidence apply whenever DNA evidence is offered, used, or
proposed to be offered or used as evidence in all criminal and civil actions as
well as special proceedings (Sec. 1).
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the chain of molecules found in every
nucleated cell of the body (Sec. 3, Rule on DNA Evidence). It is the
fundamental building block of a persons entire genetic make-up, which is
found in all human cells and is the same in every cell of the same person
(People v. Umanito, G.R. No. 172607, Oct. 26, 2007).
DNA evidence constitutes the totality of the DNA profiles, results and other
genetic information directly generated from DNA testing of biological
samples (Sec. 3).
DNA testing means verified and credible scientific methods which include
the extraction of DNA from biological samples, the generation of DNA profiles
and the comparison of the information obtained from the DNA testing of
biological samples for the purpose of determining, with reasonable certainty,
whether or not the DNA obtained from two or more distinct biological
samples originates from the same person (direct identification) or if the
biological samples originate from related persons (Kinship Analysis) (Sec. 3).
The scientific basis of this test comes from the fact that our differences as
individuals are due to the differences in the composition of our genes. These
genes comprise a chemical substance, the deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA [The
Court Systems Journal (1999)].
APPLICATION FOR DNA TESTING ORDER
With prior court order
(1) The appropriate court may, at any time, either
(i) motu proprio or
(ii) on application of any person who has a legal interest in the matter in
litigation, order a DNA testing.
(2) Such order shall issue after due hearing and notice to the parties upon a
showing of the following:
(a) A biological sample exists that is relevant to the case;
(b) The biological sample:
(i) was not previously subjected to the type of DNA testing now
requested; or
(ii) was previously subjected toDNA testing, but the results may
require confirmation for good reasons;
(c) The DNA testing uses a scientifically valid technique;
(d) The DNA testing has the scientific potential to produce new
information that is relevant to the proper resolution of the case; and
(e) The existence of other factors, if any, which the court may consider
as potentially affecting the accuracy of integrity of the DNA testing. (Sec. 4)
Without prior court order
DNA testing may be conducted absent a prior court order. The Rules on
DNA Evidence does not preclude a DNA testing, without need of a prior court
order, at the behest of any party, including law enforcement agencies, before
a suit or proceeding is commenced (Sec. 4).
An order granting the DNA testing is immediately executory and shall
not be appealable. Any petition for certiorari initiated therefrom shall not, in
any way, stay the implementation thereof, unless a higher court issues an
injunctive order (Sec. 5).
The grant of a DNA testing application shall not be construed as an
automatic admission into evidence of any component of the DNA
evidence that may be obtained as a result thereof (Sec. 5).