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Identifikasi Alkaloid
Identifikasi Alkaloid
Identifikasi alkaloid
Most alkaloids are precipitated from neutral or slightly acid solution by Mayers
reagent (potassiomercuric iodide solution), by Wagners reagent (solution of
iodine in potassium iodide), by solution of tannic acid, by Hagers reagent (a
saturated solution of picric acid), or by Dragendorff s reagent (solution of
potassium bismuth iodide). These precipitates may be amorphous or crystalline
and are of various colours: cream (Mayers), yellow (Hagers), reddish-brown
(Wagners and Dragendorff s).Caffeine and some other alkaloids do not give
these precipitates Caffeine, a purine derivative, does not precipitate like most
alkaloids. It is usually detected by mixing with a very small amount of
potassium chlorate and a drop of hydrochloric acid, evaporating to dryness and
exposing the residue to ammonia vapour. A purple colour is produced with
caffeine and other purine derivatives
2. Ekstraksi dan pemurnian
Method I:
The powder is treated with alkalis to liberates the free bases that can then be
extracted with
water immiscible organic solvents.
Method II:
The powdered material is extracted with water or aqueous alcohol containing
dilute acid.
Alkaloids are extracted as their salts together with accompanying soluble
impurities.
Method III:
The powder is extracted with water soluble organic solvents such as MeOH or
EtOH which
are good solvents for both salts and free bases.
3. Ekstraksi of alkaloid
The powdered material is moistened with water and mixed with lime which
combines with acids, tanin and another phenolic substances and sets free the
alkaloids (if they exist in the plant as salts)
Extraction is then carried out with organic solvents such as ether or petroleum
spirit. The concentrated organic liquid is then shaken with aqueos acid and allowed
to separate. Alkaloid salts are now in the aqueous liquid, while many impurities
remain behind in the organic liquid
The powdered material is extracted with water or aqueous alcohol containing dilute
acid. Pigments and other unwated materials are remove by shaking with
chloroform or other organic solvents
The free alkaloids are then precipitated by the addition of excess sodium
bicarbonate or ammonia and separated by filtration or by extraction with organic
solvents
1. Identifikasi alkaloid
Kebanyakan alkaloid yang diendapkan dari larutan netral atau sedikit asam dengan
reagen Mayer (kalium merkuri solusi iodida), dengan reagen Wagner (larutan
yodium dalam kalium iodida), dengan larutan asam tannic, dengan reagen Hager
(suatu larutan jenuh asam picric), atau dengan reagen Dragendorff 's (larutan
kalium iodida bismut). Endapan ini mungkin amorf atau kristal dan berbagai
warna:. Cream (Mayer), kuning (Hager itu), coklat kemerahan Kafein (Wagner dan
Dragendorff 's) dan beberapa alkaloid lain tidak memberikan ini endapan Kafein,
turunan purin, tidak mengendap seperti kebanyakan alkaloid. Hal ini biasanya
dideteksi dengan mencampur dengan jumlah yang sangat kecil dari potasium klorat
dan setetes asam klorida, penguapan sampai kering dan mengekspos residu uap
amonia. Sebuah warna ungu diproduksi dengan kafein dan turunan purin lainnya
2. Ekstraksi Dan pemurnian
Metode I:
Serbuk diperlakukan dengan alkali untuk membebaskan dasar gratis yang
kemudian dapat diekstraksi dengan
air pelarut organik larut.
Metode II:
Bubuk bahan diekstraksi dengan air atau alkohol berair yang mengandung asam
encer.