Vol. 18, No.

3, Page 3
SHRINKAGE FORCES
AND TEMPERATURED~~D~G~GE
IN LENGTH IN
PLASTICIZED PVC

ROOFING SHEFTS

The conclusions reached in this paper are that the cause of the
shrinkage forces is a plasticizer loss influenced by the sheet
formulation and the method of laying.
No pronounced isotropy
of the forces was observed in films.
A relationship with the
constitution of the plasticizer could not be established.
Measurement of the free elongation of the specimen strain shows
that both reversible and irreversible changes in length can occur.
Kunststoffe,

HALSANDUV
ABSORBERS IN
ACRYLIC/UREl'HANE AND
ACRYLIC/MELAMINE

COATINGS

1987,

7J,

(Nov.),

The Ford Motor Co. has studied the photostabilization chemistry

of a two-package acrylic/urethane coating containing a benzotriazole UV absorber and/or a hindered amine light stabilizer using
FTIR and ESR,
FTIR has been used to follow the rate of chemical
change on exposure of the coatings to UV light and humidity.
The coatings are found to undergo photooxidation and loss of urethane cross-links during exposure. In contrast to melamine crosslinked coatings, humidity plays only a minor role in the degradation of the urethane coating.
The addition of a benzotriazole
UV absorber reduces the rates of degradation by reducing the rate
of formation of free radicals.
The addition of hindered amine
greatly reduces the rate of oxidation and urethane loss.
The
hindered amine is significantly more effective in the urethane
coating than in similar melamine coatings.
ESR measurements of
nitroxide concentrations in hindered amine containing coatings
reflect the differences in stabilization chemistry.
In addition
to being more effective, the effective life of the hindered amine
stabilizer is also longer in the urethane than in the melamine
coating.
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1988,

ALTEXNATIVES TO
CJX 11 & 12
AS BLO~NG AGENTS

1181-1183

2J,

65-70

Since it is inevitable that some restrictions

be imposed upon the use of chlorofluorocarbon 11
lene chloride on environmental grounds, there
effort by major companies (such as Du Pant and
to find effective alternatives.

will ultimately
and 12 and methyis considerable
Allied Chemical)

Allied Chemical is suggesting the use of CFC-123 in place of

CFC-11, which is used mainly in rigid and flexible PU foams.
Du Pont say that HFC-22 may be a viable alternative to CFC-12,
which is used in polystyrene and polythene foams.
The 'H' in
HFC is hydrogen, which makes the compound less stable when released into the atmosphere.
CFC-123 is unlikely to be available
for at least three years. Materials currently available as likely
alternatives include HFC-22 and HFC-134A, although the latter
is still listed as developmental and is likely to cost five times
as much as CFC-12.
Amoco Foam Products and Mobil Chemicals, two major suppliers of
foam polystyrene, have reduced their use of CFC's as a blowing
Amoco is using a hydrocarbon agent for all its foamed
agent.
food containers.
Mobil Chemical uses three types of blowing
agents: a hydrocarbon product; a combination of isopentane and
co,; and CFC's.
ADDITIVES FOR
POLYMERS

@1988

Efsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam./SS/~.~

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