INTRODUCTION

The air quality in Delhi, the capital of India, according to a WHO survey of
1600 world cities, is the worst of any major city in the world. Two other cities in
India have worse air quality than Delhi: Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh,
and Raipur in Chhattisgarh.
Air pollution in India is estimated to kill 1.5 million people every year; it is the
fifth largest killer in India. India has the world's highest death rate from chronic
respiratory diseases and asthma, according to the WHO. In Delhi, poor quality
air damages irreversibly the lungs of 2.2 million or 50% of all children.
Pollution has been on the increase in Delhi in recent years. Last year, the World
Health Organization named Delhi the world's most polluted city in a study of
1,600 cities.
Residents complain of the dense smog which often engulfs the city in the
morning. Many factors have contributed to the pollution, including the burning
of refuse, ash from crop waste in farming areas and emissions from transport.
The most recent Economic Survey of Delhi shows the city had more than 8.8
million vehicles on the road in the year 2014 to 2015.
This marked a 14 % rise in the number of vehicle registrations from the
previous year.

PARTICULATE MATTER IN DELHI

Air quality or ambient (outdoor) air pollution is represented by the annual mean
concentration of particulate matter PM10 (particles smaller than 10 microns) and
PM2.5 (particles smaller than 2.5 microns, about 25 to 100 times thinner than a
human hair).
The world's average PM10 levels, for the period 2008 and 2013, based on data of
1600 cities in 91 countries, range from 26 to 208 micrograms per cubic meter of
air (g/m3), with the world average being 71 g/m3. 13 of the 25 cities
worldwide with the highest levels of PM are in India.
In 2010, the year of the WHO survey, the average PM 10 level in Delhi was 286.
In 2013, the PM2.5 level was 153. These levels are considered very unhealthy. In
Gwalior, the city with the worst air quality in India, the PM 10, and PM2.5 levels
were 329 and 144 respectively. For comparison, the PM 10 and PM2.5 levels in
London were 22 and 16 respectively. The PM levels in Delhi have become
worse since the WHO survey. In DecemberJanuary 2015, in Delhi, an average
PM2.5 level of 226 was noted by US embassy monitors in Delhi. The average in
Beijing for the same period was 95. Delhis air is twice as bad as Beijings air.
Safe levels for PM according to the WHO's air quality guidelines are 20 g/m3
(annual mean) for PM10 and 10 g/m3 (annual mean) for PM2.5
AFFECTS ON CHILDREN
2.2 million children in Delhi have irreversible lung damage due to the poor
quality of the air. In addition, research shows that pollution can lower childrens
intelligence quotient and increase the risks of autism, epilepsy, diabetes and
even adult-onset diseases like multiple sclerosis.
AFFECTS ON ADULTS
Poor air quality is a cause of reduced lung capacity, headaches, sore throats,
coughs, fatigue, and early death
With a view to tackle this menace the Delhi government announced that
vehicles with odd and even number plates will ply on alternate days in the city
from January 1. While there's a section that has welcomed the idea, calling it a
positive step forward to control the alarming rise in pollution in the city, there's
also a vast number of people who are labelling this move as impractical,
pointing out lack of public transport as one of the reasons why it will never
work out. Even though both sides of the argument have perfectly valid points,
one must realise that there are more cons than pros to this initiative.1
1.

HTTP:/WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/AIR_QUALITY-IN-DELHI : VISITED ON 1 APRIL 2016

HISTORY OF ODD EVEN PLANS

PARIS
Paris is a beautiful example of how road rationing can actually work. On March
17th, 2014, a driving restriction was imposed in Paris and its suburbs based on
license plate numbers. Very similar to what was imposed in Delhi. The issue
was raised by the city government to control the air pollution attributed to
vehicle emissions. Cars with even number plates were banned from entering the
city between 5:30 am until midnight.
It must also be added that the week before the traffic restriction was imposed,
the government also reduced speed limits around Paris by 20 km per hour and
provided all public transportation for free to encourage one and all to use it.
Violators would be fined 22 euros. This wasn't the first time they did this
though. Paris tried this once before in 1997.
DID IT WORK?
A loud YES! Both times. In fact they were so successful in reducing the
emission levels and reaching their pollution control goals that they kept the oddeven rationing for only a day. One day! There was no need to continue the
experiment beyond that.
Just incredible what just one day of odd-even rationing could do, right? But
population definitely will be a factor.
Population of Paris 2015 - 2.24 million.
Population of Delhi 2015 - 18.24 million.
MEXICO
In the South American city of Mexico, the odd-even rationing policy or the Hoy
No Circula (roughly and hilariously translating to 'today it doesn't circulate')
was introduced as early as 1989. Cars would be banned for one day in the week
depending on the number on their license plates. Violators were asked to pay
anywhere between $23 to $69. Since they didn't have even half as many cars
back then as Delhi has currently, they didn't have to do it the odd-even way.
They would pick out numbers. For example Sundays, number plates ending
with three and four were banned, Mondays five six, Tuesdays seven eight, so on
and so forth.

DID IT WORK OUT?

Initially, yes! It was great - pollution reduced by as much as 11%. But
eventually they did what some Delhites on social media are planning to do.
They just started buying two cars with both, even and odd numbers. Two cheap
cars would mean high emission levels too. It's actually scary because not only
did it give rise to the number of cars on the roads, but the pollution levels rose
by an alarming 13%!
BEIJING
In an attempt to improve the air quality of Beijing, China, before the 2008
summer Olympics, implemented a temporary road space rationing. They
imposed restrictions on private vehicles by allowing even and odd license plates
to drive on alternate days with the violators having to cough up 200 yuan for
breaking the rules. Just like what Delhi is trying to do. Before this they had
conducted a pilot test a year before in 2007, where they restricted the driving of
about 1.3 million vehicles, that's about 1/3rd of Beijing's fleet, for four days.
They reported a daily reduction of vehicle emissions of up to a staggering 40%!
DID IT WORK?
Absolutely! It was a brilliantly carried out initiative. In fact, they were so
successful in cleaning their air and relieving traffic congestion (two huge
problems even Delhi faces) that they implemented a permanent, more modified
version after October 2008. Now they ban only 20% of the vehicles on a
weekday as opposed to half during the Olympics. They banned heavy vehicles
from entering the city during the day. They also banned 300,000 of their oldest,
most polluting automobiles from entering their city centre. The ban was also
implemented on vehicles coming from outside Beijing. To compensate the car
owners for inconvenience caused, and as a form of some incentive to take the
public transport, they exempted them from vehicle taxes for the next three
months.
In 2009, a nationwide car scrappage program was implemented offering rebates
for trade in old heavy polluting cars and trucks for new ones.
This road space rotation theory based on number plates has been implemented
in some other cities as well. Bans are observed in places like Athens (1982),
Santiago( 1986, 2001), Metro Manila (1995), Sao Paulo (1997), La Paz (2003),
San Jose (2005), Quito (2010). Honduras even implemented a country-wide ban
in 2008. All these cities restrain a percentage of vehicles every weekday during
rush hour or for the entire day. When the restriction is based in two digits, a
theoretical 20% reduction of traffic is expected.2
2.HTTP://WWW.INDIATIMES.COM/NEWS/INDIA/5-CITIES-IMPLEMENTED-THE-EVENODD-ROAD-RATIONINGPOLICY-BUT-WAS-IT-EFFECTIVE-248085.HTML : VISITED ON 30 MARCH 2016

DELHI ODD EVEN PLAN

This rule would define which car you can drive on a particular date. On even
dates, only cars with license plates ending with an even number will be allowed
on city roads, and on odd dates, cars with license plates ending with an odd
number will be allowed. For example, on dates ending with 0,2,4,6 and 8, you
can only drive a vehicle whose vehicle registration number ends with an even
digit such as DL83AB0XX4. And on odd dates, you can drive vehicles whose
registration number ends with odd digit. For example, DL83AB0XX3.
WHEN: Between January 1 and January 15. Sundays are free for all. Schools
will remain closed during the period.
TIMING: 8am to 8pm
FINE: On the spot challan Rs 2,000 but no impounding of vehicles
WHY: To curb air pollution and road congestion on Delhi roads
WHO IS EXEMPTED
25 categories are exempted from the scheme
CNG and electric cars - CNG cars will have to get a hologram sticker from IGL
pumping stations and display them prominently on their cars windshields.
Two-wheelers Have been kept out as the government doesnt have the
requisite public transport facilities to become a viable alternative.
Women - Cars driven by women and cars that only have women occupants.
Cars driven by women where the male companion is below 12.
Vehicles being used for medical emergencies (trust based)
Vehicles occupied/driven by people with disabilities
Vehicles of: VVIP cars, emergency services and enforcement vehicles
President; Vice-president; Prime Minister; Governors; Chief Justice; Speaker of
Lok Sabha; Union ministers; Leaders of Opposition (Lok Sabha and Rajya
Sabha); Chief ministers of states and union territories (except those in Delhi);
Supreme Court judges; Deputy chairperson of Rajya Sabha; Deputy speaker
Lok Sabha; Lieutenant governors of Union Territories; Delhi High Court
judges; Lokayukta
Emergency vehicles: Ambulances, fire brigade trucks, hospital, prison, hearse
van
Enforcement vehicles: Police, Delhi transport department, authorised by Delhi
Divisional Commissioner, paramilitary forces
Vehicles with ministry of defence number plates
Vehicles with a pilot/escort
Vehicles of SPG protectees
Embassy vehicles with CD numbers

WHO HAS TO FOLLOW

All petrol and diesel vehicles
Cars from outside Delhi: All diesel and petrol cars, irrespective of where they
are coming from, will have to follow the rules.
Diesel and petrol taxis: Most of these are attached to taxi aggregators such as
Ola and Uber and will have to follow the odd-even rule till they convert to CNG
vehicles.
Delhi chief minister, Delhis ministers and MLAs
WHAT TO DEPEND ON DURING THE TRIAL PERIOD
Buses: 10,000 (4,500 DTC bus, 1,500 cluster bus and around 4,000 to be hired
by DTC for the drive)
Autos: 82,000
Taxies: 79,600 (15,000 kali-peeli and rest private cabs)
Trains: 220
Delhi Metro
Trains: 220
Coaches: 1,240
Lines: Six
Blue Line | Dwarka-Vaishali/Noida (476 coaches)
Yellow Line | Jahangirpuri-HUDA City Centre (426 coaches)
Red Line | Rithala-Dilshad Garden (136 coaches)
Purple Line | ITO-Faridabad (128 coaches)
Green Line | Inderlok-Mundka (74 coaches)
Airport Line | New Delhi Railway Station-Dwarka Sector-21
HOW DELHI GOES TO WORK
Commuters: 5.33 million
Using public transport: 27%
Using pvt transport: 25%
On foot/Bicycle: 31%
Helpline numbers 011-42400400 and 011-41400400 will be available for the
public for their guidance about the scheme.
It has been advised that entry and/or exit of vehicles to all parking lots, either
for use of general public or for staff, may be prohibited based on the restrictions
imposed for the period from January 1-15, 2016.3
3.

HTTP://WWW.HINDUSTANTIMES.COM/DELHI/DELHI-S-ODD-EVEN-PLAN-GENIUS-OR-A-RECIPE-FORNIGHTMARE/STORY-0RFNFUTEHNCNHPWZH2JTTI.HTML : VISTED ON 29 MARCH 2016

RESLULTS
CONGESTION
There were comparatively less cars on the roads, but there were still too
many cars around. However there were unequivocally no traffic jams
Less congestion in Delhi owing to the odd-even car rationing scheme is
shielding people from "direct exposure" to pollutants, especially in and around
areas of high car density such as traffic junctions, experts opine.
The experts unanimously endorse that a reduction in the volume of cars was
simultaneously bringing down levels of gaseous pollutants like oxides of
nitrogen, sulphur dioxide and black carbon, which is a mixture of road dust and
vehicle fumes.
Over 1.5 lakh cars were added to the city's roads this financial year along with
3.5 lakh bikes and scooters, taking the number of total registered vehicles
whopping 88.27 lakh, as per Delhi Statistical Hand Book 2015 released by the
city government.4
CHALLANS AND COMPLAINTS
According to the city traffic police, a total of 5893 cars were fined on during the
odd even plan by the traffic police. So, there were less than one per cent of
violations, considering there are nearly 19 lakh cars registered in the city. So it
is not even 1% of the number of cars. Hence can be termed as a success in this
aspect. Seeking to promote cycling in the national capital, Delhi government
decided tthat it will provide subsidy on purchase of cycles, from the money
collected as challans during the odd-even scheme's implementation period.
Around 1.15 crores of the collected money will be dispensed for this purpose.
Similary, a help line number was issued to the citizens if they face any problem
during the trial period. On the very first day 800 complains were received and
more than 2500 people downloaded the Poochho App.5
4.HTTP://WWW.DNAINDIA.COM/INDIA/REPORT-DELHI-PASSES-ODD-EVEN-LITMUS-TEST-LESS-THAN-ONEPERCENT-VIOLATIONS-REPORTED-2162327 : VISITED ON 29 MARCH 2016

5.HTTP://INDIATODAY.INTODAY.IN/STORY/1040-CHALLANS-ISSUED-ON-FIRST-MONDAY-OF-DELHIS-ODD-EVENPLAN/1/562460.HTML : VISITED ON 29 MARCH 2016

POLLUTION LEVELS
Coming to the main subject-matter or aim of this pilot project i.e to reduce the
pollution levels in the city, mixed reactions have emerged from the state
government side and from central government and other private agencies.
Thus making it quite hard to understand what is the real effect of this policy
on the environment.

A study conducted by the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago

(EPIC) and Evidence for Policy Design group at Harvard University, found out
that theThe pollution levels in Delhi dropped by 18 per cent during the 15 days
of the odd-even number plate scheme that ran in the first part of this month.
However, while the absolute pollution levels increased across the NCR, Delhi,
where the programme was being conducted saw smaller increase as compared
to other areas. They have based their findings on data provided by the Central
Pollution Control Board and portal India Spend. PM 2.5 declined by up to 13
per cent on an average but up to 18 per cent when the formula was in place
during the day.
On the contrary a recently released impact assessment report of the Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) could serve as dampener. he national pollution
watchdog has found little reduction in Delhi's air pollution because of the
scheme. According to its report, the pollution levels rose during the fortnight (1
to 15 January) the scheme was tried out because of the overcast conditions that
prevented quick dispersal of pollutants. According to a CPCB source, whatever
gains were achieved by implementing the formula in the city got wasted due to
high pollution levels on the outskirts of Delhi and adjoining NCR areas, where
air pollution was much higher than Delhi's congested areas. It nullified the
positive effect.
However, in its report the Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control)
Authority for NCR has mentioned that this winter out of all severe smog
episodes so far (with several consecutive days in severe category) the peak
pollution during the odd and even programme has been the lowest.
Similary web portal IndiaSpends suggests that the odd-even plan of the Delhi
government may have reduced congestion on the Capitals roads with the AAP
government celebrating the success of its odd-even scheme on Sunday but
data shows the citys air quality worsened during the 15-day trial which ended
on January 15.

According to web portal IndiaSpends air-quality monitoring devices, airpollution levels in the city went up by 15% during the 15-day period when the
odd-even plan was in effect, when compared to the last 15 days of 2015 (till
December 31, 2015).
The average concentration of PM2.5, the study revealed, was 309 during the
odd-even period while in the previous 15 days, the average was 270.
PM2.5 is the tiniest and deadliest particulate matter which affects lungs and
enters the blood stream.
A detailed look into the weekly average readings at three locations of Sarvodaya
Enclave, India Habitat Centre and Munirka revealed that PM2.5 levels dropped
by 37% in the second week of January when compared to the first.
This decrease in the second week was primarily because of higher wind speeds
and drop in moisture content, which played a crucial role in reducing pollution
levels, say experts.
However, according to the portals readings, this reduction came after a 50%
increase in PM2.5 level in the first week of January (after the odd-even scheme
kicked in) when compared to the last week of December 2015.
And lastly, a TERI study of the four Delhi Pollution Control Committee stations
at Mandir Marg, RK Puram, Punjabi Bagh and Anand Vihar, however, showed
that there was a marginal drop in pollution levels, thanks to the odd-even
scheme.6

SHORTCOMINGS IN THE POLICY

There's no question that desperate measures will be needed to combat Delhi's
pollution crisis. And the Delhi government announced precisely one of these
today: a traffic formula where private vehicles with odd and even registration
numbers will be allowed on the roads of the national capital only on alternate
days starting Jan 1, 2016.
While the government says the solution is a viable means to reduce vehicular
emissions adding to the foul air quality, it seems ill thought through on a host of
fronts.
6.HTTP://WWW.MSN.COM/EN-IN/AUTOS/NEWS/POLLUTIONS-LEVELS-REDUCED-BY-18-PER-CENT-IN-DELHIDURING-ODD-EVEN-SCHEME/AR-BBOT15S?LI=AAGGBRN : VISITED ON 30 MARCH 2016

1) Where is the public transport to handle this volume of new users?

Considering that the national capital is still battling poor connectivity, it is
unclear to what extent people can rely on public transport when not travelling
by private vehicles.
2) How are lower-income households to deal with auto and taxi costs? The
metro doesn't yet connect all parts of Delhi; for lakhs of lower-income families,
who may currently be using two-wheelers, this solution could disadvantage
them significantly.
3) The AAP government has always stood against corruption. But here is what
they need to be concerned aboutCorruption might rise as a fallout of the new road policy where people might
start changing registration numbers of existing second cars.
Taxis, autos and cab operators might raise their rates.
People might start getting taxi licenses for private vehicles.
People might resort to bribing the traffic police to get away without prosecution.
A person driving a medical patient might prove the urgency but what if the
person has to reach somewhere to address the emergency.
4) Has the Delhi government chalked out a well-defined plan of adding vehicles
to public transport before 1 January 2016, when the odd/even number policy
will be implemented?
5) How will the government ensure that the public transport, which is being
added in place of private transport, is reducing emissions and not just adding
more to the pollution levels?
6) There will be a number of concerns which will rise for women safety as
people will be more dependent on public transport during late hours of the
night.
7) What about the people who go out at late hours and are not able to return
before the next day rule get implemented. That means they will be subjected to
prosecution as they will be still be driving the car with a number which is not
permitted to be out on road on that day.
8) Private companies will then also need to rejig their conveyance policies.
Also, they will need to ensure putting a mechanism in place where people who
might arrive late due to the public transport are not subjected to compensation.
9) A significant chunk of the upper-income population of Delhi use drivers.
What happens as a fallout of this policy? Do drivers lose their jobs or are
salaries renegotiated?
10) What happens if higher-income families compensate for the new rules by
buying a second vehicle with even or odd numbers?
11) Under the government norms, a number of people have turned to CNG
vehicles, which means their emission footprint is significantly lower than NonCNG vehicles. Is it fair that they should also compensate under the new policy?7

7.HTTP://WWW.CATCHNEWS.COM/SOCIAL-SECTOR/15-QUESTIONS-THE-AAP-GOVT-NEEDS-TOANSWER-BEFORE-IMPLEMENTING-THE-ODD-EVEN-NUMBER-POLICY-FOR-VEHICLES-IN-DELHIPOLLUTION-BAD-AIR-FOUL-QUALITY-HEALTH-1449247252.HTML : VISITED ON 31 MARCH 2016

ROAD AHEAD
A recent IIT-Kanpur study found that cars (including taxis) contributed to 10 per
cent of particulate matter emissions. The study finds that in winter, the biggest
culprits are trucks, followed by two-wheelers exempt from the current
driving restrictions. In summer, the biggest contributors to pollution are road
dust, concrete batching plants, industrial sources and vehicles, in that order.The
administration needs to minimise sources of dust, ensure small factories and
industrial units adhere to strict pollution and emissions norms, and consider
alternatives to biomass-burning. In some cases, it would require the Delhi
government to work collaboratively with other state administrations.
When it comes to vehicular pollution, there is a need to understand why Delhi
has an ever-growing motorised vehicle population. Efficient mobility is
essential for a smooth functioning city. A primary cause for the explosion of
private cars in the city is the absence of a properly functioning, predictable,
integrated public transport system with efficient last-mile connectivity. People
buy cars to ensure mobility in the absence of an alternative system.
When it comes to public transport, last-mile connectivity is crucial, especially
given the issues of safety. If getting to a public transport option is difficult, then
the car, autorickshaw or taxi becomes the most convenient choice. If cars on the
road are replaced by a higher number of trips by autos and taxis and a larger
presence of two-wheelers, then the very aim of the restriction is not served.
If in the process of attempting to address pollution and congestion, the
administration limits the mobility, it will force people to find ways to subvert
the system. If Kejriwal is serious about addressing these, then he must put
forward a comprehensive policy package that seeks to control all pollution
sources, rather than just targeting the 10 per cent.
An important step the government took to make the scheme successful was
direct the schools to close down during the period of the experiment. This
reduced the burden on transport system and helped government deal with the
surge in use of public transport. The government also ordered the schools to
provide their buses for public transport, thereby temporarily increasing the
capacity of public transport and making it smoothly handle the increased
ridership.But even if the odd-even scheme is made permanent, schools can't
remain permanently shut. So the government will have lesser public transport
capacity due to withdrawal of these schools bus and more users.

THEREAFTER
1) Increase pavements in a big way to reduce last mile connectivity. Empower
the PWD, MCD and Police to check encroachments in such a way that leads to
a jail sentence or immediate removal of the encroacher. CCTV cameras can be
used.
2) Make most markets and public spots car free including CP, Karol Bagh,
Lajpat Nagar, South EX, Hauz Khas Village, Defence Colony, Chandni Chowk,
etc. The idea should be to get dropped and picked at strategic points or use the
public transport system. This will free up more space for shops thereby
increasing revenue overall. This is very common in Europe.
3) Metro should have superb connectivity and very short time gaps between
trains (45 seconds as in the London Metro). There has to be a metro station
every 1 KM in the city without fail and 500 meters in denser areas. Make
skywalks or underpasses to link them if need be.
4) Increase availability of buses, taxis and autos. All should be electric only
which means charging stations need to be placed at each petrol pump. IOC,
BPCL, HPCL and IGL can help in expanding the infrastructure.
5) There should be massive incentive to buy Hybrids, Electric, CNG
automobiles while conversely a penalty for petrol and diesel cars (diesel has to
be banned in India for private vehicles). Bikes have to comply with modern
standards. Why not give TESLA a tax holiday? It will cost the same as a luxury
car and thats thousands of vehicles alone per year.
6) There should be no power plant or polluting diesel generators allowed in the
city limits. Factories need to be placed at least 50 Kms from the city meaning
that industrial zones need to be rezoned.
7) FMCG companies need to contribute money or assistance in trash collection
of the packaging. Trash bins and collection centers need to be placed every 25
meters and emptied every 6 hours. This is common in Europe and the CSR
activity fund can be used for this.
8) Agri waste disposal should become as serious as urban waste disposal,
meaning that the PWD should have methods of waste collection and disposal.

This can be green in the form of biogas plants fodder. Pesticide and Fertilizer
firms should be party to this and CSR funds can be used for disposal.
9) Plant only air purifying, dense, leafy trees and bushes. Trees to be avoided
are Eucalyptus, Champa, Chorizia, Palms, etc.
10) Construction activity needs to be done within a certain time frame and each
building should have a 360 degree curtain to contain particles and smoke with a
chimney attached.
11) Do not have unpaved surfaces anywhere in the city besides parks and tree
areas. It collects trash, dust and mixes it all as a muck and blocks drains. This
causes more dust settling after the rains leading to more particulate matter.
12) Car ownership should be limited to 2 cars per family. There is no need for
more besides luxury. It will also reduce parking issues.
13) Automobile licenses should be made tough to get and expensive like in
Dubai. Hence, there will be more value to it and people will be scared to lose it
while less people will want to get it and instead use public transportation.
14) Roads should be smooth with less interruptions (less red lights). No
stopping on main roads allowed at all while parking should be made very
expensive as in all major world cities.8

8.HTTPS://WWW.QUORA.COM/WHAT-STEPS-CAN-BE-TAKEN-TO-MAKE-DELHI-A-POLLUTION-FREE-CITY : VISITED
ON 1 APRIL 2016

CONCLUSION
Delhi government is set to hire over 300 Ex Servicemen to help enforce the
second phase of the odd-even traffic rationing scheme starting April 15, but
besides that the government need to look into the aforementioned suggestions as
well. After reviewing the 11 Lakh responses from the mahollas of Delhiites,
82 % of people have supported that they are in favour of the scheme and only
17% of people did not agree with the change. Around 28,300 suggestions have
been received through online forms while 9,000 and 1,82,808 have come
through emails and missed calls respectively. The government invited public
opinion from around 9 Lakh people who replied through missed calls, messages
and telephonic responses.
Arvind Kejriwal confirmed that the two wheeler and women drivers are again
exempted from this rule. However, the judges and other VIPs will not be
covered by this rule.9