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Electronics Today 1977 02
Electronics Today 1977 02
fAx.x...eli
"."
Strln
QVtMODULE.S FOR
COST-CONSCIOUS
CONSTRUCTORS
SS.140
duty power ampli
Heavy
./'"--
Unit One
3.95*
POWER SUPPLY
7.80
SS.100
1.60
p/
2.65
SS.101
Pre -amp for ceramic cartridges, etc., passive tone control circuit
shown in data supplied.
POWER AMPLIFIERS
1.60 SS.103
UNITSe
ALL AT 8% VAT
with 13-15V
take-off
points
SS.105
5
watts R.M.S. into 4 ohms using 12V supply. Ideal for use in
entertainment. Size: 89 x 51 x 19mm
2.25
in -car
SS.110
SS.120
POWER AMP
3.25
SS.110
There are suitable Stirling Sound
FM TUNING
SS.201
FM Front End with geared slow motion tuning and A.F.C.
88-108MHZ
facility
5.00
SS.202
1
3"
2.65
SS.203
SS 202
DECODER
tuned in (3"
2")
MODELS TO
CHOOSE FROM
Compare these guaranteed power packs for power and
price. Not only do these excellent power packs stand up
unflinchingly to hard work, inclusion of a take-off point
(except SS.312) at around 13-15V adds to their
usefulness. P.' P 50p any model).
SS.312
SS.318
SS.324
SS.334
SS.345
SS.350
12V/1A
18V/1A
3.75*
4.15*
24V / A 4.60*
34V/2A 5.20*
45V/2A 6.25*
50V/2A 6.75*
1
3.85
SS.310/350
r i ng Sand
A member of the BI-PRE-PAK Group
VARIABLE OUTPUT
> STABILISED SUPPLY
With continuous variable
output at 2A from 10 to 50
V.D.C. With built-in protection against shorting and
fully adequate heat sink.
Guaranteed. Superb value
at
WHEN ORDERING
11.95'.
Add 35p to your order for P&P for mail orders. VAT
add
12'/2% to total value of order unless shown' then the rate is
8%. Make cheques, etc., payable to BI-PRE-PAK LTD. Every
effort is made to ensure correctness of information at time of
going to press. Prices subject to change without notice.
electronics today
FEBRUARY 1977
VOL 6
No. 2
Features
COMPUTERS IN SMALL COMPANIES
11
big advantages!
25
YAMAHA
B-1 REVIEWED
Super -amp with a smooth sound
29
45
COMPONENTS PART
7
More resistor types explained
54
MICROFILE REPORT
59
ELECTRONICS
--
- multiprocessor
TECH -TIPS
Your ideas and circuits forum
Telephone 01-434
HALVf1R
Editor
?'+]I
OO RSBi EAD
Editorial
TONY ALSTON
Project Development
JIM PERRY
Specials Editor
73
JULIAN ZINOVIEFF
Production
SANDRA ZAMMITSubscriptions
DISCO MIXER
16
33
49
50
52
TWO-TONE DOORBELL
BENCH AMPLIFIER
RMAIRtA
MARGARET HEWITT
Administration
DAVID LAKE (Manager)
BRENDA GOODWIN
Reader Services
ROBERT C. EVANS
Advertisement Manager
Data Sheet
TTL PINOUTS
All those mysterious pins unmasked at last!
41
News
NEWS DIGEST
69
HOLLAND
Anton Kriegs -s an
Editor -in -chief
CANADA
P,rte. Pries'.
Publisher
FR
Lois
Jacob
Editor-in -chief
Information
PUBLISHED BY
SPECIALS
14
ModfI'ags Ltd.
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53
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DISTRIBUTED BY
Argus Distribution Ltd {British Isl
Gordon & Gotch Ltd
BOOK SERVICE
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PRINTED BY
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72
COPYRIGHT
SUBSCRIPTIONS
NS
ELECTRONICS TOMORROW
EMEaT
178;
62
Projects
The
EDITORIAR.'iV
DVERT
OFFICES
25-27 Ox
Street
London W1R1RF
82
Colchester
PO BOX 6
WARE H E RTS
SEMICONDUCTORS
POSTAGE & PACKING
Please add 25p. Overseas
add extra for airmail
Minimum order
1.00
SECOND
GREAT
WINTER SALE!
74 SERIES
TRANSISTORS
ttL ICs
Type
7400
7401
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7416
7417
7420
7422
7423
7425
7426
7427
7428
7430
7432
7433
7437
7438
7440
7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
Type
Quantity
100
Lp
0.09
Quantity
100
Lp
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11. 0,10
0.11
0.10
0.28 0.25
0.28 0.25
0.12 0.11
0.12 0.11
0.09 0.08
0.22 0.20
0.22 0.20
0.26 0.25
0.28 0.25
0.26 0.25
0.11
0.10
0.19 0.18
0.21 0.20
0.25 0.23
0.25 0.23
0.25 0.23
0.36 0.34
0.12 0.10
0.20 0.19
0.38 0.36
0.26 0.25
0.26 0.25
0.12 0.10
0.60 0.57
0.60 0.52
0.95 0.90
0.95 0.90
0.80 0.75
0.80 0.75
0.70 0.68
7448
0.11
0.11
0.11
7450
7451
7453
7454
7460
7470
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7480
7481
7482
7483
7484
7485
7486
7489
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
74100
74104
74105
74107
74110
74111
74118
74119
74121
Lp
Lp
0.70
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.24
0.20
0.26
0.24
0.44
0.26
0.45
0.90
0.75
0.88
0.85
0.68
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.23
0.19
0.22
0.23
0.40
0.25
0.42
0.88
0.73
0.82
0.80
1.00
0.26
2.50
0.32
0.62
0.35
0.35
0.68
0.58
0.68
0.90
0.35
0.25
0.25
0.45
0.72
0.82
1.20
0.26
1.10
0.28
2.70
0.38
0.65
0.43
0.38
0.70
0.60
0.70
0.95
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.48
0.75
0.85
1.30
0.28
Type
1
Quantity
100
p
74122
74123
74141
74145
74150
74151
74153
74154
74155
74156
74157
0.45
0.65
0.68
0.75
1.10
0.65
0.70
1.20
0.70
0.70
0.70
74160 .0.95
74161
74162
74163
74164
74165
74166
74174
74175
74176
74177
74180
74181
74182
74184
74190
74191
74192
74193
74194
74195
74196
74197
74198
74199
0.95
0.95
0.95
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.10
0.85
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.90
0.80
1.50
1.40
1.40
1.10
1.05
1.05
0.80
0.90
0.90
1.90
1.80
0.42
0.62
0.65
0.72
1.05
0.60
0.68
1.10
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.00
0.82
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.80
0.78
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.75
0.85
0.85
1.80
1.70
LINEAR ICs
CAPACITOR PAKS
TBA 800
741 P
8 pin DIL
72474 14 pin DIL
748P 8 pin DIL
'75p
'18p
NE555 Timer
NE556 Dual Timer
38p
78p
`36p
'25p
I.C. SOCKETS
Order No
BPS 8 8 pin 1611
BPS 14 14 pm 1612
BPS 16 16 pin 1613
9p
10p
11p
RESISTOR PAKS
TRIACS
Order No
24/400105 TR124/400
50p
AC128
10p
AC153K 18p
AC176
19p
AC176K 22p
AC187K 22p
AC188
12p
AC188K 22p
BC107
6p
BC108
6p
BC109
6p
BC118
'10p
BC154
'16p
BC147
'8p
BC148
'8p
BC149
'8p
BC157
"10p
BC158
'10p
BC159
'10p
BC169C '10p
BC17Q
'6p
BC171
'6p
BC172
'6p
BC177
12p
BC178
12p
BC179
12p
BC 182 L&K '9p
BC183
'9p
BC184
'9p
BC212L&K
BC213
BC214
"10p
"10p
'10p
BC251
"6p
BC327
BC328
BC337
BC338
BF115
BF167
BF173
BF194
BF195
BF196
BF197
BF198
BF199
BF257
BF258
BF259
BFX29
3FX84
BFX85
BFX86
BFY50
'12p
BFY51
BFY52
'12p
'11p
"11p
10p
10p
10p
'9p
'9p
"12p
'12p
'12p
'12p
26p
29p
34p
18p
15p
20p
20p
12p
12p
12p
0C44
0C45
0071
9p
14p
14p
0072
0081
ZTX107
ZTX 108
ZTX109
ZTX300
ZTX301
ZTX302
ZTX500
ZTX501
ZTX502
'6p
'6p
'6p
"7p
'7p
'9p
'8p
'10p
'12p
2N696
2N697
2N706
2N706A
2N708
2N1631
2N1711
2N1893
2N2217
2N2218
2N2218A
2N2219
2N2219A
2N2221
2N2221A
2N2222
2N2222A
2N2369
2N2369A
2N2904
2N2904A
2N2905
2N2905A
2N2906
2N2906A
2N2907
2N2907A
2N3053
2N3055
2N3702
2N3703
2N3704
2N3705
2N3706
2N3903
2N3904
2N3905
2N3906
2N5172
V.A.T.
10p
11p
7p
8p
8p
15p
15p
18p
18p
15p
18p
15p
18p
15p
16p
15p
16p
12p
12p
14p
15p
14p
15p
12p
14p
DIODES
0A47
0A81
0A85
0A91
5p
5p
6p
5p
5p
5p
0A200/BAX 13
OA202/BAX16
4p
4p
3p
4p
N914
N4148
N4001
N4002
N4003
N4004
5p
6p
MVR 7815
MVR 7812
MVR 7815
5.50
13p
14p
15p
16p
17p
18p
20p
85p
85p
85p
OPTOELECTRONICS
L.E.D.'s
TIL 209 RED
FLV 117 RED
Order No Price
1510
1511
25"
2"
5
0.70
1.50
1501
1504
of either 50p
PHOTO DEVICES
ORP 12
OCP71 Pack. of
1515
1520
38p
THYRISTORS
13p
14p
38p
'7p
'7p
'6p
'6p
'7p
'11p
'11p
'11p
'11p
TO5
Order No
14.50 Ply
1A'400 Ply
THY 1A/50
18p
THY 14 409 32p
THY 1A 690 38p
14 600 PIV
TO66
'
5A/50 PIV
5A/400 PIV
5A/600 PIV
T048
THY 54 50
25p
THY SA 4C0 40p
THY 54 602 50p
16AP50 Ply
16A/400 Ply
THY
"6450
THO
40p
sop
UNIJUNCTION
'9p
pieces copper
laminate, box of etchant
powder and measure, tweezers,
marker pen, high quality
pump drill, Stanley knife &
blades, bin metal rule.
Full easy -to -follow instructions
12p
'
L.E.D. DISPLAYS
DL 707 0 3"
DL 747 0.6"
DIY PRINTED
CIRCUIT KIT
6
6p
7p
8p
11p
VOLTAGE
REGULATORS
UT46/TIS 43
CONTAINS
N4005
N4006
N4007
N5400
N5401
N5402
N5403
N5404
N5405
N5406
N5407
N5408
12p
'8p
"7p
.....
121r
Add 8%
Add
1/2 %
to items
marked*
12p
12p
12p
BFY53
2N2926G
2N2926Y
:.::.:..******
18p
F.E.T.
2N3819
15p
ORDERING
PLEASE
WORD YOUR
ORDERS EXACTLY AS
i:e
xA>
PUSH-BUTTON
w.
FM TUNER
Transformer T538.
The S450 is supplied fully built, tested and aligned. The unit
easily installed using the simple instructions supplied.
FET-Input Stage
VARI -CAP diode tuning
Switched AFC
Multi turn pre-sets
LED Stereo Indicator
*
*
*
*
Typical Specification:
Sensitivity.3l1 volts
Stereo separation 30db
Supply required 20-30v at
90 Ma max.
POSTAGE &
PACKING
PA 100
inrb
COMPLETE AUDIO__
7+7 WATTS
R.M.S.
20-30
AUDIO
AMPLIFIER MODULES
postage.
SPECIFICATION:
Hdrrnonic Distortion Po=3 watts f =1KHZ02.5%
Load Impedance 8-16ohm
Size: 75mm x 63mm x 25mm
Frequency response 3dB Po=2 watts 50Hz-25Hz
Sensitivity for Rated 0/P
Vs=25v. RL= Bohm f =1KHz 75mV.RMS
AL60
temp 90C
P 1
ep
25 Watts (RMS)
20/30
Transformer BMT80
2.60 + 62p postage
E3.15
4.35 PS1
OUR
Input voltage 15-20v A.C. Output voltage 22-30v D.CT
Output current 800 mA Max. Size 60mm x 43mm x 26mm.
PRI
P.O. BOX 6,
VVARE,
HERTS.
SHOP
..AT
G5ti2b
ANONYMOUS WATCH
ation.
6E0.
has
devices.
This is to heighten competition
with low power Schottky TTL chips,
which are at present more than
holding thier own against the newer
technology.
Simple gate prices are not affected.
of scientific calculators.
PLENTY OF SCOPE
The T900 Series of oscilloscopes, from
Tektronix U.K. Ltd., is claimed to be
engineered to 'reduce the cost of
ownership' i.e. make the things
cheaper (presumably). Why people
can't say what they mean...
Anyway the range includes five
models: the T921 and T922 single and
dual -trace 15MHz instruments, the
T932 and T935 dual -trace 35MHz
with single and dual timebases, and the
T912 10MHz dual -trace bistable
storage oscilloscope. Prices range from
about 500 to 1,000 (plus VAT).
All models have an 8 x 10cm
display area, and measure 17.8 x 25.4
x 48.3cm.
The T935 incorporates delayed
'
sweep
that reveal
insufficient detail on one timebase
-
signals
SWITCH -OVER
Designed for mounting directly onto
the printed circuit board, this compact
CHEMICAL COAT
A new dual coating tape from Agfa
MARKET SLIDE
chromium dioxide.
Dynamic range: 8.5 dB better than
iron oxide.
Bias setting should be Fe -Cr really, but
in the absence of excellence, record on
Fe setting, and replay on Cr02.
Special Mechanics (under licence from
you -know-who) are used to aid
transport.
Agfa -Gevaert Ltd., 27 Great West
Road, Brentford, Middx.
BUILD THE
A MACHINE
TO MARK TIME
TREASURE
TRACER
M1(111
METAL
LOCATOR
\`I
new desk
unit.
National semiconductors Ltd.,
Stamford House, Stamford New Road,
Altrincham, Cheshire,WA 141 DR.
TV
CORRECTIONS
The audio phaser PCB contains
two drawing errors. The circuit
diagram is correct, and projects
built up on Veroboard, or some
other method should function
perfectly. It appears though that
layout is fairly critical on this
project, and several readers have
had problems in this respect.
The errors on the PCB are;
1. One end of RV1 is earthed
via a track to IC6. It shouldn't
be! Break this track.
2.Top right of the board, the
pad which connects R33 to the
link has a wire to earth missing.
AS SEEN
ON BBC -1
& BBC -2
Complete kit
with pre -built
search coil
14 7 5
G, r
9 7l 5
1
Built, tested
'and uaranteed T.
Plus 1.00 P&P
Plus 1.58 VAT (8%)
MINIKITS ELECTRONICS,
6d Cleveland Road, South Woodford,
LONDON E18 2AN
(Mail order only)
p`NN O`
PCNENS
Op
FM
VCK
o-~o
E
C` MQ-E0G\ONS
st
\NS
SILENT
'h" DIGITS
GREEN DISPLAY
PULSATING COLON
ATTRACTIVE
CASE
STOP PRESS
BRITAIN'S TOP SELLING DIGITAL
ELECTRONIC CLOCK NOW AVAILABLE
In choice of orange planar gas
or soft green fluorescent digit
Yo METAC INTERNATIONAL, 67
Northants. Tel. 03272 76545.
Please supply the following:-
AM/PM
Name
displays.
indicator
Both
Recommended Retail
Price,'17 95
OUR PRICE
alarm.
13.(9 5
-minute
repeater,
indicator.. 5"
31/2" deep Attractive
white case. Thousands sold
Please state choice.
failure
mains
across
Inc. VAT
- FEBRUARY 1977
Address
I enclose cheque/Postal Order/Money Order
wish to pay by Barclay Card/Access and my number is
Signature
Trade enquiries welcome
Mail Order Customers
I
Unique full-function
8-digit wrist calculator...
available only as a kit.
A wrist calculator is the ultimate in common-sense portable
calculating power. Even a pocket calculator goes where your
pocket goes-take your jacket off, and you're lost!
But a wrist -calculator is only worth having if it offers a
genuinely comprehensive range of functions, with a full-size
8 -digit display.
This one does. What's more, because itisa kit, supplied direct
from the manufacturer, it costs only a very reasonable 9.95
(plus 8% VAT, P&P). And for that, you get not only a high calibre calculator, but the fascination of building it yourself.
How to make 10 keys do the work of 27
The Sinclair Instrument wrist calculator offers the full range of
arithmetic functions. It usesnormal algebraic logic ('enter it as
you write it'). But in addition, it offers a % key; plus the
convenience functions 1/x, 1/x, x2; plus a full 5 -function memory.
All this, from just 10 keys! The secret? An ingenious, simple
three -position switch. It works like this.
switch in its normal, central
position. With the switch centred,
numbers-which make up the vast
majority of key -strokes- are
tapped in the normal way
2. Hold the switch to the
left to use the functions to
the left above the keys...
3. and hold it to the ightto
use the functions to the
right above the keys.
The display uses 8 full-size
red LED digits, and the
calculator runs on readily available hearing -aid
batteries to give weeks
of normal use.
1. The
Contents
Case and display
window.
Strap.
Printed circuit board.
Switches.
Special direct -drive chip
(no interface chip needed).
Display.
Batteries.
Everything is packaged in a neat plastic
box, and is accompanied by full instructions.
The only thing you need is a fine -point soldering iron.
All components are fully guaranteed, and any which are
damaged during assembly will be replaced free.
back undertaking.
Send the coupon today.
To:
6 Kings Parade,
kits at 9.95 plus 80p VAT plus 25p P&P (Total 11).
I
Complete as applicable.
PLP&PAT'
Name
Address
6 Kings Parade,
(Please print)
understand that you will refund my money in full if return the
kit undamaged within 10 days of receipt.
ETI/2
I
- FEBRUARY 1977
COMPUTERS
IN SMALL
COMPANIES
ADVANTAGES
If you asked someone who has
just installed one of these digital
tape chewers why they took the
fatal step you'd probably be told
how much it speeded things up and
how easy it was to use. The biggest
benefit 'seems' to lie in the order
which such a system can bring to all
around it.
If a distribution network is
involved in the company, stocks
may well be reduced -- safely
since information as to demand and
level is instantly and accurately
available.
6800;
Philips
Nixdorf
820/15 and 820/35; GEC 2050
-- to name just a few thousand.
COMPANY.
REMITTANCE
:-Oi..,.,
S.fM-]5
P350;
NEEDLE MATCH
Fig
TA
'F
CflH
- FEBRUARY 1977
,-.DV'E
11
CPU:-
to 20
-8
Cassette
Software:
TA1000
is
Programming the
accomplished in a
heaven
language called TRIASS
knows what that stands for -- which
by now, has established itself as a
proven medium. All software is
produced in a modular basis to meet
specific user requirements, although Adler will do a custom design
if required, which it rarely seems to
be.
12
MAKING AN EXAMPLE
This then is a good all-round
small business system. By itself it
would just sit there.. hum a little
perhaps or give the occasional
watts,
- FEBRUARY 1977
CASE NO.
WILLOWVALE ELECTRONICS
accounts -only
computer
system.
left
- FEBRUARY 1977
to date.
AND SO?
. .
13
ETI CIRCUITS
Announcement
BOOK: No.
ETI CIRCUITS
Electronic
Construction
Kits for 1976/77
mpg
ELECIRONICS
rNE POSLEPHERS OF
rODAV INTERNATIONAL
PDBusNEONON
BY CATEGORY
TIMERS
RMS
DELAYS
ELECTRONICS
-WE PS
OR M>E
TODAY
INTERNATpNAL
59
SAITCHNS
'
DA EDITION
HALSOR W
LESSEN.. DAUM
AT
ETI
AND ADVERTISEMENT
IPFSALA
]T O+ION SmO.
FLASHERS
CIRCU ITS
ep
vWAI2K.,7ROL
OPTO ISONSOD
CONVERTORS
DEDDEIERS
NAISCEDANEA
meali3l]SE
CULOTSnMERS
AUTOMOBILE
41,044081,
STEVE
PAVANS
DETECTORS S.
COM
ATORS
SIGNALGENERATORS
Nol
80
S4
NE
EDITION
EA
AND S\WTOOTN
28
SPEC.
ADIOFPEOUENCT
84
272,2717.
ERN ON,
un
FILTERS
$5.00
1.50 $2.50
MISCELLLAS EA
MinZTPFICES-
TIPS
DIGIATAL
ADVERTISING
DATA
POWER SUPPLIES
CADENT
48
SPECIAL
STA4LIS!c
-
S,BO
EMS rOOSNNOTFs
TEST
CRYSTALS
OP SNIPS
'
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
25
30
300
310.3
AT
AT
AT
AT
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AT
AT
AT
AT
30
50
320
325
347
365
405
AT 460
'AT 465
AT 466
AT 468
GP 304
GP 310
GP 340
GU 330
M
M
M
'
'
FM tuner
FM tuner module
Stereo decoder
Mini FM receiver
-VHF/UHF aerial amplifier
Aerial amplifier AM/FM
310
325.2
330
375
385
395
380
310
350
360
390
'
'
300
'
4d -stereo
Stereo VU module
S-meter module/amplifier
'
'
311
315
330
400
410
415
305
'
Power
Power
Power
Power
peck
3.70
5.55
10.75
7.20
8.75
17.00
2.75
10.80
17.10
20.45
19.45
4.55
'
'
19.85
6.70
2.95
5.80
1.50
8.45
4.30
2.95
1.40
2.55
1.60
2.10
2.60
4.50
10.15
2.80
8.75
4.70
17.16
4.50
8.45
4.40
TSl
5DQ
NAME
ADDRESS
14
"Den
to
A4
A brand new concept from the house of ETI, more than 100 pages
packed with a wide range of experimenters circuits. Based on the
tremendously popular 'Tech -Tips' section of ETI, Circuits 1 is the first of
a series of specials
produced for the enthusiasts who know what they
want, but not where to get it! Circuits 1 will also act as a catalyst for
further development of ideas, ideal for the experimenter. The collection
of more than 200 circuits is complemented by a comprehensive index,
making searches for a 'particular circuit quick and simple. Also similar
circuits can be compared easily, due to the logical layout and grouping
has no
used throughout. Last and by no means least Circuits
Send
DST
vennaf.s 'ORD
BA
6.70
'
M 402
IR
LANK Ceknmrx
-2.50
M 393
rR
COPYRIGHT NI
11.50
Multivibrator/signal generator
Dial module (meter not included)
391
M 392
OD
24.60
29.10
5.55
4.30
'
'
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
'
HF 305
IF
5.25.
Monolite
Superlite
Strobolite
Quadrolite
Main circuit unit
Hi-Fipre-amplifier
Hi-Fi pre -amplifier
Guitar tremelo
Diode medium wave receiver
FM transmitter/Signal testing generator
Amateur band 2 metre VHF 144MHz converter
90
8.95
3.25
3.10
Electronic Roulette
Light Show 3 -channel
Low-cost light/heat control.
HF 61
HF 65
HF
HF
HF
HF
HF
HF
PRISMS/
-6.10
56
2l
IiExs Ios
2.50
2.30
Mixer
Pm-amplifier
3 watt audio amplifier
Power amplifier
40 watt AF power amplifier
2 watt IC universal amplifier
Automatic light control
Photo-cell amplifier
Triac AC regulator up to 440w
Triac AC regulator up to 2200w
AIAround AC/DC regulator
Interval and flasher unit
'
340
380
PUBLISHED Sv
XWBOSE TS
114.12955.
BNNNAP FE
DIODES PINOU158CT
g`17
- FEBRUARY 1977
OTHER SPECIALS
FROM ETI
ALAN&
IM300.1kIMOZYM ASO
ta
THRE
Nam.. ^'-'
r.
Plo grs
niter,RUf;R
t+3tAlTftTUARttif UC#tT.
'.
LRVRiyMIltATfOiN
ANS.:
ea.cnit meter(:'
01.30.41. STOPWAT
t)NPr.
AUlUllli WA
TNf7A
75p+20p
P&P
1.00+20p
- 1.50 + 20p
- 1.00 +20p
a *me,.
s9carrtp.s
tee rnernatma
P&P
EASY. Vol.
P&P
'ELECTRONICS
r+s
zw
.:'fRAsfi.Y. OYflkiffiY.
LOOK P'RORlS;
104**,
IT'S
ELECTRONICS
- IT'S
EASY. Vol. 2
1.20+20p P&P
ELECTRCHiC5 T0114.-
HOW TO ORDER
You can order any of these Special issues from your
newsagent or direct from ETI. Postage and packing
is 20p for the first, 15p for each subsequent issue
(overseas
25p
and
20p
respectively).
ETI
Send
ETI
4600 SYNTHESISER
1.50+20p
P&P
SPECIALS, 25-27
sterling.
- FEBRUARY 1977
15
ETI
Project 443/9
DISCO f4IXEI
SPECIFICATION
No. of inputs
Nominally 4
No. of outputs
2 main signal
1
Tone controls
from
turntables,
tape
16
BALANCED
outputs
Output noise
1 mV (mainly hum)
(Mixer stage only)
Maximum output voltage 6 V
inputs
ETI 448
MICROPHONE
PREAMPLIFIER
The beauty of this circuit is that it
eliminates a costly line transformer!
Although designed for 600 ohm
input and 40dB gain other impedances and gains can be handled
= R4 = input impedance
R1
divided by two
R5 = R11 = voltage gain times the
value of R3.
The first equation works for
impedances up to about 5k. Above
this value R2 + R3 must be
included in the calculation.
As most people have only one
mouth, the output from this circuit
can be used to pan the output from
stereo
by
using
two
10k
resistors or a 20k linear pot with.
the wiper connected to the output
can be used to pan the output from
left to right.
If a high impedance microphone
is used ETI 446 (December 76)
should be used.
If 446 is used R2 values are as
- FEBRUARY
1977
-HOW
R8
10k
BALANCED
MICROPHONE
PREAMPLIFIER
10p
+Ve
C6
100n
R4
T
-Ve
MU
INPUT R1 OR/
OUTPUT
IDEAL
AMPLIFIER
C2
33i,
01
OUTPUT
R5 (9R)
+`I
R1
R11
R12
330 R
33k
1k
C7
10
INPUTS
R2
10k
Cl
01-04
R3
10k
ARE BC109C
MM
*l
R4
C3
33p
510
03
330R
33k
+Ve
04
e
R9
3k3
-Ve
Frequency Response
10 Hz
Gain
40 dB
-123 dB (0.5 V)
Distortion
0.05% 300 mV
100 Hz
100 mV
dB
-5 V output
- 10 kHz
60 dB
Maximum Common Mode Signal 3 V
Overlay of Balanced
Preamp board
+Ve
Connection of Cannon
R5
(VB x
R1
Pin 2
Pin 3
EARTH
BLACK INPUT
connect to R1
RED INPUT
connect to R4
FOR UNBALANCED
INPUT CONNECT PIN 1
AND 2 TOGETHER ON
MICROPHONE PLUG.
-PARTS LIST
Resistors all
R1
R2,3
R4
R5
R6,7,8
R9
R10,11
R12
90mV
+R9
TO MIC
SOCKET
ETI 449
Capacitors
W 5%
330R
10k
330R
33k
10k
3k3
33k
1k
Cl
C4
C5
C6
10/1 16v
C7
33p ceramic
100n polyester
10 16v
Q1 -Q4
Transistors
IC1
LM301 A
PC
1110 polyester
33 10v
C2,3
109C
ETI 449
Board
- FEBRUARY
BC
1977
17
DISCO MIXER
-HOW IT WORKS
MIXER + PSU
CIRCUIT
ETI
448-
58
27k
R1
27k
R10
100
Vwo
R3
27k
OUTPUT
R4
27k
ONE CHANNEL
ONLY SHOWN
240v 18v
<
<
LEFT INPUTS
<
-PARTS
LIST
ETI 448
Resistors all''Y2w 5%
R1 -R5
27k
R6
R7
R8
R9
R10
5k6
47k
27k
5k6
100R
Potentiometers
RV1
RV4
45mm
5k trim
Capacitors
Cl
33p ceramic
22n polyester
C2
C3
560p ceramic
33p ceramic
C4
IC1,2
D1
M1
LM301A
0A91
VU Meter
100k
C5, 6
100u 16V
100n polyester
C7
D2
- D5
re-
IN4001 or similar
Switch
Zp
-oo
CC
18
toggle
"See text
- FEBRUARY 1977
HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER
TO No
009
R11
100k
PREAMP
OUTPUT
100k
.12V
C12
10
TO No
PREAMP
OUTPUT
10
R19
10k
1000
C14
100
6
TO No
OUTPUT
4.5
PREAMP
OUTPUT
820
2k2
10,11 12
R21
R17
100k
loa
-12V
018
SW5
100k
-PARTS LIST
Resistors all
R11 -R18
R19
R20
R21
- ETI 448A-
100k
10k
2k2
TO RV9
C8
2.7R
+C12
TO COM
OF SW2-5
-12V
Capacitors
C8
C9, 10
+12V
Vow 5%
Potentiometer
RV9
27
C13
TO No
PREAMP
OUTPUT
448A-
33p ceramic
100n polyester
C11,12
1016V
C13
C14
IC3
IC4
100n polyester
SW2-SW5
,pc board
ETI 448A
10016V
,wrU
9V
aT
LM301A
LM380
C14
OUTPUT
Overlay of Headphone board
UNIVERSAL PREAMPLIFIER
Response and gain can be
selected from the chart by the
components list further details were
published in November 76.
HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER
The output from each preamplifier can be switched into this circuit,
so that you can cue signals before
mixing them into the output. It is
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
suggested that
if
headphones only
- FEBRUARY 1977
CONSTRUCTION
Assemble the boards with the aid
for your
convenience we have put all the
PCB layouts together, on page 22.
The photograph on page 21 shows
the general layout we used, but this
is
very flexible, ours was built into
a wooden box with metal front and
base but a metal box would be more
suitable in an electrically noisy
environment.
of the overlay drawings,
DISCO NIIXEIi
C12
RIGHT
OUTPUT
10+
RIGHT0-1
INPUT
210+
Cl
100n
C11
10+
LEFT
INPUT
LEFT
OUTPUT
R3
100k
-PARTS LIST
Resistors
R1, 2
'R3, 4
table
100k
ETI
445
-HOW IT WORKS
5%
Capacitors
100nF polyester
C10 see table
C3
10F 25V
C11 -C13
integratd circuit LM382
IC1
ETI 445
PC board
Cl,
445
see
%watt
ETI
INPUTLEFT
FUNCTION
C3, 4
35, 6
C7,8
330n
1G.uF
10F
Tape preamp
68n
1CuF
10F
(NAB)
Flat 40dB gain
Flat 55dB gain
Flat 80dB gain
10F
10F
10F
C9, 10
1n5
R1, 2
1k
10F
--
(RIAA)
20
IGHT
7 INPUT
cc
c3c,
N'1
Phono preamp
i..rr`y+r._u..r
R4'
ll
c13.J+
LEFT
OUTPUT
RIGHT
OUTPUT
- FEBRUARY
1977
VU METER CIRCUIT
Cl
NOTE
THE RIGHT CHANNEL ONLY IS
SHOWN. THE LEFT CHANNEL
COMPONENT NUMBERING STARTS
AT R101, R102 etc.
R6
4k7,
100n
C5
R1
1M
RV1
220k
C3
J33p
SET VU
+12V
VU INPUT
R4
470k
C2
1N4148
Q1
IC1
301
R9
D2
1/1
4k7
BC108
D1
1N4148
12V
C4
R3
22
R8
R5
R7
100k
470R
100k
150k
R2
1k
-12i/,
iJ .f
c
cr
-c2
r..-}4...41,
,C3, +
RIGH.,x
OUTPUT
,',
CO+
R5,8
R6,9
1k
150k
470k
100k
5k7
470R
R7
Potentiometers
RV1
220k preset
c 1zj
Capacitors
100n polyester
Cl
e,l101
' .L`
c
4.'"R7
i.EFT
INPUT
4.1,61
R5
'
Idol
'
s
:
RO
/U
li
+121M
R2
R3
R4
1Q..
C1
1M
R1
:..
14.1e4)...
OV
LIST
ETI 449AResistors all 1/4w 10%
-PARTS
RIGHT
INPUT
rR1
449A-
rR10f
108
C2,3
1 16V
C4
C5
22 16V
33p ceramic
1C1
Q1
LM301
BC108
D1,2
IN4148
VU meter
Two of each required for stereo
M1
11
PC Board ETI
VU OV
449A
TO HEADPHONE
AMPLIFIER BOARD
RIGHT
OUTPUT
PREAMP 4
I
LEFT
OUTPUT
PREAMP 4
RV3
TO LEFT MIXER
INPUT
TO RIGHT MIXER
INPUT
COMM
Interconnection diagram of individual volume controls and headphone amplifier selector witches.
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- FEBRUARY
1977
21
DISCO [HIXEIi
o
ETI 448A
o
GENERAL PREAMPLIFIER
HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER
ET0I
449
C.41\10
ereL,...e
BALANCED PREAMPLIFIER
VU METER
- FEBRUARY 1977
u1aE0l1ASTER
Superscore Home TV Game
Get it together for only 24.95
Available to you in kit form at the same moment
as its national launch, the brilliant new Videomaster
Superscore contains the latest product of MOS
technology: a TV game chip.
The logic contained in it had previously to be
generated by 100 1TL devices. Now it is condensed
into one 28 -pin chip.
This all -new Videomaster plugs into your 625 -line
UHF TV set (for overseas customers having VHF sets
we can supply the necessary VHF modulator) to give
you four exciting games (including tennis and football)
and two future game options. It features on -screen
digital scoring, realistic hit sounds, two bat sizes, two
rVideomaster Ltd
7HN4.
i
i
YES/NO*
NAME
ADDRESS
(ET
L__
* delete as necessary
84)
- FEBRUARY 1977
23
I!iri1E ru!i2!
Capacitive discharge
Us
rEstEpey
INE
o
'Ready drilled pressed steel case coated in matt black epoxy resin, ready
drilled base and heat -sink, top quality 5 year guaranteed transformer
and components, cables, coil connectors, printed circuit board, nuts,
bolts, silicon grease, full instructions to make the kit negative or
positive earth, and 10 page installation instructions.
OPTIONAL EXTRAS
require
R. V.1)
will
Qii/ick installation
Noeeinemodifkvtiod
required
Electronics Design Associates. Dept. ET2
Address
DUAMT"REO'0.
f11.80
Mk.
Mk.
Mk.
enclose cheque/PO's
14,97
e 14.97
Cheque No,
4.30
24
for/'
2.42
Smoother running
Instant all-weather starting
* Continual peak performance
* Longer coil/battery/plug life
* Improved acceleration/top speeds
Up to 20% better fuel consumption
F5800
(and modules)
CA3089E/HA1137W FM 1.94
3.75
CA3090AQ mpx
2.20
MC1310/KB4400 mpx
4.20
HA1196 mpx
1.40
HA1197 AM radio
1.00
TBA120AS FM IF
1.81
TBA651 AM radio
uA720/CA3123E AM rad 1.40
1.00
LM380N 2W Audio
1.09
TBA810AS 7W Audio
1.80
TCA940 10W Audio
2.99
TDA2020 20W Audio
LM381N stereo preamp 1.81
0.68
LM3900 Quad amp
78M12.20-24 volt reg ea:1.20*
0.80*
NE550A variable reg
TAA5508 varicap reg 32v0.50*
ea:2.50
NE560/2B PLL IC
3.50
NE561B PLL IC
ea:2.50
NE565A/567V PLL
810k kit for TBA810 amp2.75
9.35
2020k kit for 2020 amp
92310 kit for mpx decoder5.35
7020 kit for 3089 FM IF 6.65
971197 kit for varicap AM
9.65
radio tuner
7700 built TV sound tuner 27.00
KACS/KALS types(l0mm)0.33
0.30
94A types (10mm)
AM filters:.
0.50
0.80
2.25
1.75
1.75
0.33
23 or 36mH chokes
Tunerheads: (& tunersets)
12.80
EF5600 5 gang varicap
5.50
EC3302 3 gang varicap
12.00
8319 (Larsholt)
7252 tunerset complete 26.00
26.00
7253 stereo tunerset
Standard transistors also kept in
stock - see lists for further detail
and price information.
- FEBRUARY 1977
ULTRASONIC
RA
RAC
37
67
ITS TRACKS!
- FEBRUARY
191/
25
UlTRASONIC Zl&
E T
FRAME-UP!
III
ROUTINE PROCEDURE
in n
r rrnrrrrrrrrrr
l[-L_r.0
(Tinl
rerTop
,
Solid rail
film record.
CRT DOCTOR
Provision has been made to vary the amount of
dialogue between man and computer so that any
diagnosis by the machine can be modified or cancelled.
In order to translate the information on the film into a
meaningful diagnosis, the machine, controlled by a PDP
11, scans the CRT face on which the image is
displayed. A reference signal is obtained (it's all done
with mirrors!) from the image, and then the film is
converted by rectangular mesh scanning into a binary
'image'.
- patterns vertical
Perspex
probe.
ALL ABOARD!
The refinement of this system was to place the
computer and associated peripherals actually on board
the test train.
Shcwer
and
Mini computer
and disc unit
Magnetic
tape unit
benches Electronics
Water irrigation
Star
crack at
bolt hole
Reflected
Horizontal crack
From the
Work space
and
Transducer
toilet
Transmitted pulsg
/-
r.L.---\\
Fig. 4. Typical
r c o O c r C
Instrumentation
panel
Keyboard
Desks
and
Monitoring
chairs
oscilloscope
display
Storage
Driver
Operators
seat
pulse
Rail
head
I,
26
'
- FEBRUARY
1977
,./
Intermediate storage
N.1icro-
J on magnetic tape
t,
processors
Actual film record
Report
Other input
information
Mini
Ir computer
Visual
display
zees
Rail
1-*-00--
,/
1%
..
I\
Control
console
Paint spray
control
/ / "
//
\ \
/!
single
The watch continuously displays HRS. and MINS. with MONTH, DAY and SECONDS on demand. The owner
selects the feature where the HRS. and MINS. or MONTH and DAY display alternatively for 2 second intervals
until owner resets to normal display. During the alternating cycle seconds are still available on demand.
Price.3430
NOW 27.50
Incl. VAT & P&P
Lriiriii
Watch despatched
with matching Gold
plated bracelet, in
presentation box
with instruction
booklet and guar-
p
I
I
I
I
I
ow
Please forward
so
ICI
III al la
(qty) model
at
each
TOTAL L
I
Name
Address
enclose
cheque
postal order__
money order
Signed
Barclaycard/Access no.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
`eeeeeeeeeeeeeellleeel
al
- FEBRUARY 1977
27
Learn to understand
electronics
for your hobbies
Lerna1at course
1.
Step by step, we take you through all the funda mentais of electronics and show you how easily the
subject can be mastered.
(1)
BUILD AN OSCILLOSCOPE.
READ, DRAW AND UNDERSTAND
(2)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS.
CARRY OUT OVER 40 EXPERIMENTS
ON BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND
SEE HOW THEY WORK.
(3)
1.Become a Radio-Amateur
Learn how to become
MI
(i MI MI
Et
so
Dec. 31st.
ELECTRO-IALU LTD
NAME
ADDRESS
MI
MIR
MM MM MW
Me
lm
BLOCK CAPS
PLEASE ETA1 7
1111
11111.
cmmumcalwns
EI1.1
MM
THE
All
CLOCK OFFER
ETI MAGAZINE
25-27 OXFORD STREET
LONDON WIR 1RF
I enclose cheque/P.O. for 13.95
(payable to ETI) for an Alarm Clock.
Please write yourname and address
on the back of your cheque to speed
processng of your order.
Martre
ADDRESS
28
PROTECTION RACKET
Main amplifier features include completely separate power supplies for left
and right channels and a third power
supply for the relay control functions.
These are activated via a relay from the
front panel power switch such that
when the power is switched on the
speaker
protection muting circuit
operates to disconnect the speaker loads
29
YAMAHA B1
VERTICAL FET POWER AMPLIFIER
circuitry. This provides amongst other
things protection against short circuits
on the output or loads of less than 4
ohm impedance. This feature may
preclude the amplifier being used with
some 4 ohm speakers
the impedance
of which falls to well below 4 ohms at
some frequencies.
A rumble filter with a 12 dB per
octave filter (below 10 Hz) protects the
loudspeakers
from low frequency
transients. The control switch for this
filter is at the back of the unit.
MEASURED PERFORMANCE
Our past experience with Yamaha
products has been that the manufacturer's specification is generally
bettered. The Yamaha B-1 was no
exception. It has a frequency response
which was +0 -0.4 dB from 10 Hz to
122 kHz, a straight line on a level
recorder. The manufacturer's power
ratings were easily exceeded, both with
8 ohm and 4 ohm loads, being 210
watts into an 8 ohm and 220 watts into
4 ohm with both channels driven. The
power bandwidth was 5 Hz to 50 kHz
precisely as stated by the manufacturer.
Distortion is very low indeed
over
most of the frequency and power
output range the unit introduced no
Frequency Response:
-0.4
-3.0
210 watts (8
222 watts (4
5Hz:
Power Bandwidth:
S2
S2
144W
8
8
50 kHz: 105 W
100 W
kHz)
kHz)
0.13%THD
0.3% THD
S2
100 Hz
1
kHz
6.3 kHz
S2
kHz
6.3 kHz
S2
Hum
-99 dB re max.
-106 dB (A) "
-126 dB
Sensitivity:
60 mV input gives
Input Impedance:
Output Impedance:
92 kg
0.08 S2
Noise:
at
at
0.07%
<0.03%
<0.03%
100 Hz
1
0.03%
0.01%
0.04%
"
1
watt (812)
kHz
kHz
Source
if
Gate
Drain
Stratum
Bale
30
- FEBRUARY 1977
increase
better than other amplifiers using conventional bipolar transistors but must
honestly say that we have not positively
proven it so, on the basis of instru-
SUMMARY
As hard as we tried we could in no
mental measurements.
Let it suffice to say that our subjective evaluation leads us to, believe
that the performance that this amplifier
produced was the cleanest that we
believe we have ever heard up to this
B,"i 8
Pme
K;ar
..
.,
", Ran1e
a
50
de Recme,
RMS
time.
W,
H=
w,11..
Speed
m/ee.
lo-
Te
'Iode
tlB
eLtd
FREQUENCY
RESPONSE
-.
OF THE
''"AMABA
8-1
POWER
AMPLIFIER
IV
NORMAL"
MODE
SHOWING
EFFECT OF
RUMBLE
FILTER.
-. '.
30/7/76
DEC
20
OP 1124
Hz
50
121
200
1/ 10th.
1000
500
2000
5000
10000
Ze o Level:
20000
(1612121121
40000 0
Len.
Li
Typical performance
Build your own Dolby system using this exclusive approved kit.
Featuring:
switching for both encoding (low-level h.f. compression) and decoding
a switchable f.m. stereo multiplex and bias filter
provision for decoding Dolby f.m. radio transmissions.
no equipment needed for alignment.
suitability for both open -reel and cassette tape machines.
check tape switch for encoded monitoring in three -head machines.
The kit includes:
complete set of components for stereo processor.
regulated power supply components.
board -mounted DIN sockets and push-button switches.
fibreglass board designed for minimum wiring.
solid mahogany cabinet, chassis, twin meters, front panel. knobs, mounting
screws and nuts.
---
Dolby level cal. tapes are available for open -reel use and for cassette (specify which)
PRICE: 37.90
Price 2.00+ VAT'
INTEGREX LTD.
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- FEBRUARY 1977
+ VAT
1
IBAMCIiyCAAOl
31
ZAkTk
NIX)
EXCLUSIVE OFFER!
WIRE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
INTRODUCTORY
KIT
*
*
*
WIRE DISTRIBUTION PENCIL:
A well balanced easy to handle wire dispenser
*
*
A unique
SPARE BOBBIN:
Wound with 36 swg solderable synthetic enamel
wire with polyurethane base.
KIT CONSISTS OF
Circuit Board
Wire Distribution Strips
Spare Spool
C Leg Deformer
Comprehensive Instructions
I
designed to press -fit into the board between the leads of the integrated
circuits. They are designed to * retain large capacity of wires * protect
wires from breakage * aid fast wiring (i e. no posts to impede wiring and
modification techniques * make packing density non-restrictive; and * be
cut to length easily
LEAD DEFORMATION TUBE: Is placed between the legs of the IC and
used to deform the pins -- thus securing the IC.
2m
:, P/i:my fh.l,
:Ur
IR
DMKI
This kit has been specially made available to ETI readers, and comes complete, down to the last screw.
All you need is a few spare hours and some tools. The result will be a superb piece of test 'equipment that
will be of invaluable use to the serious constructor or test lab.
Special Note:
This kit has been produced
in conjunction with the
designer and author of
the project in the October
issue of ETI as
several parts are
not normally available,
or specially manufactured.
Silk screened
lettering.
*
*
*
all
PRICE
ORDER FORM
*A demonstration
parel with
65-50
Inc. VAT
&
Postage
(UK)
Please supply
DMK1 kit
Name
B H
32
Address
Access of B/card No
- FEBRUARY 1977
ETI
Project 549
INDUcTIoN BALANCE
METAL DETETOI1
A really sensistive design operating on a different principle from that of other published
circuits. This Induction Balance circuit will really sniff out those buried coins and
other items of interest at great depths depending on the size of the object.
IB VERSUS BFO
The usual circuit for a metal
locator is shown in Fig. 2a. A search
coil, usually 6in or so in diameter is
connected in the circuit to oscillate at
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
cha,,ged slightly, altering the frequency and thus the tone of the
note. A note is produced continually
and metal is identified by a
frequency change in the audio note.
The IB principal uses two coils
arranged in such a way that there is
virtually no inductive pick-up
between the two. A modulated
signal is fed into one. When metal is
brought near, the electromagnetic
field is disturbed and the receiver
coil picks up an appreciably higher
signal.
However, it is impractical for
there to be no pickup
the two coils
are after all laid on top of each other.
Also our ears are poor at identifying
changes in audio level. The circuit is
therefore arranged so that the signal
is gated and is set up so that only the
minutest part of the signal is heard
when no metal is present. When the
coil is near metal, only a minute
change in level becomes an enormous change in volume.
BFO detectors are not as sensitive
at IB types and have to be fitted with
a Faraday screen (beware of those
which aren't
they're practically
useless) to reduce capacitive effects
on the coil. They are however,
slightly better than IB types when it
comes to indentifying exactly where
the metal is buried
they can
pin -point more easily.
Our detector is extremely sensiin fact a bit too sensitive for
tive
some applications! For this reason
we've included a high -low sensitivity switch. You may ask why low
sensitivity is useful. As a crude
example, take a coin lying on a
wooden floor: on maximum sensitivity the detector will pick up the
nails, etc., and give the same
33
Project 549
ETI
R15
180R
R8
4k7
1Mb
R9
1M8
7J}Jf,
R10
1k
4k7
C1320n
C12
0A91
C74
SENSITIVITY
20n
C9
C11
100n
CV1
5000E
BC108
04
Slmi
BC108
BC
5n6
OP
RV1
4k7 LOG
C10
20n
yI
HEADPHONE
JACK SOCKET
.
C7
LM340
9V
BATTERYI
OR
731M
TYPE
'Cl
OK
109C
C16
47p
100n
6
BC109C
ONJOFF
R14
R12
4k7
D7
SW2
C7
Term
RV
(LEVEL)
ROHM
SPEAKER
2LOG
(VOLUME)
5
O
IC1. PINS 2,3,4,5,7,10,11,12
ARE CONNECTED TO. Ve
F
02
fl3
3N7926G
150k
C4
C3
3n3
100
Fig.
81
47k
COMPONENT CHOICE
The injunction 01 is not the
normal 2N2646; we found several
examples of these erratic in their
we are talking about tiniest
level
fractions of one per cent which
would normally not matter, but it
does in this circuit. Even some
examples of the TIS43 did not work
see the note in How it Works.
well
Secondly Q2 is deliberately a plastic
type. Metal canned transistors
usually have the collector connected
to the case and due to the nature of
the circuit we noted a very small
change in signal level due to capacitive effects when metal can types
were used.
SEARCH
MIXER
OSCILLATOR
COIL
REFERANCE
OSCILLATOR
SEARCH
HEAD
LEVEL
CONTRO
RF
AMP
34
AMP
DETECTOR
VOLUME
'r
AMP
SENSITIVITY
SWITCH
AUDIO
GATING
AMP 2
GATING
AMP
AMP
- FEBRUARY 1977
transmitter coil.
L2 is arranged in the search head in
such a way that the minimum possible
signal from Ll is induced into it (but see
notes on setting up). On all the prototypes we made we reduced this to about
20mV peak -to-peak in L2. L2 is tuned by
C6 and C7 and peaked by CV and feeds
to the base of Q3, a high gain amplifier.
This signal (which iS still modulated r.f.)
is detected by Dl, D2 providing the bias
for Dl. The r.f. is eliminated by CIO and
connects to the level control RV1.
The signal is further amplified by Q4
which has no d.c. bias connected to the
base. In no -signal conditions this will be
turned off totally and will only conduct
when the peaks of the 800Hz exceed
about 0.6V across R11. Only the signal
1
sensitivity settings of SW I.
Whichever setting is chosen for SW 1,
RV1 is set so that a signal can just be
heard. In practice it will be found that
between no -signal and moderate -signal
there is a setting for RV1 where a
'crackle' can be heard. Odd peaks of the
800Hz find their way through but they
do not come through as a tone. This is
the correct setting for RV I.
The stage Q6 also feeds the meter
circuit. Due to the nature of the pulses
this need only be very simple.
Since we are detecting really minute
changes in level it is important that the
supply voltage in the early stages of the
receiver are stabilised, for this reason
ZD1 is included to hold the supply
steady independent of battery voltage
(which will fall on high output due to
the current drawn by ICI).
It is also important that the supply
voltage to Ql and Q2 does not feed any
signal through to the receiver. If trouble
is experienced (we didn't get any) a
separate 9V battery could be used to
supply this stage.
ICI is being well underused so a
heatsink is unnecessary.
Battery consumption is fairly high on
signal conditions between 60mA and
80mA on various prototypes but this
will only he for very short periods and is
thus acceptable. A more modest 20mA
or so is normal at the 'crackling' setting.
Stereo headphones are used and are
connected in series to present 16 ohms
to ICI reducing current consumption.
Selection of QI and Q2
We found that Ql and to a lesser
extent Q2 required careful selection. QI
should be chosen for the minimum
so that the transipossible 'crackle'
tion from no -signal to hearing the 800Hz
is as definite as possible. Some transistors for Ql and Q2 can produce higher
odds peaks than others.
- FEBRUARY 1977
is
should be
35
ETI
Project 549
RV1
LEVEL
D3
C19 MOUNTED ON
UNDERSIDE OF BOARD
TO
SPEAKER
TO
HEAD
HEADPHONE
SOCKET
SW2
UY
'TO
BATTERY +Ve
Fig. 4. The
PARTS LIST
Resistors
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5, 14
R6, 15
R7, 9
R8, 10,11,12,13
RV2
1k
180R
M8
4k 7
1
'/4W,
'/4W,
'/4W,
'/4W,
'/4W,
'/4W,
'/4W,
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
Y4W, 5%
C4
C5
C6,7
C9,10,1213,15
C17
CV1
C19
549
al
Q2
Unijunction
2N2926 -- see text
Q3, 4
Q5, 06
BC109C
BC108
IC1
D1, 2, 3, 4
ZD1
11S43
MISCELLANEOUS
4k7
4k7
log rotary
log rotary
Capacitors
C1,8,16
C2,3,1 1,14,18
ETI
Semiconductors
47k
270R
150k
39k
Potentiometers
RV1
--
500p trimmer
(Note 1n = t 000pF
COMPONENT
SIDE
- FEBRUARY 1977
EVER READY
THE COIL
Remember this is the key to the
whole operation. The casing of the
coil is not so critical but the layout is.
It is best first to make the 6mm
plywood circle to the dimensions
shown in Fig. 5. A circle of thinner
plywood or hardboard is then firmly
clued onto this
it's fairly easy to
cut this after glueing. Use good
quality ply and a modern wood glue
to make this.
This now forms a dish into which
the coils are fitted. The plastic
connector to the handle should be
fitted at this stage.
You'll now have to find something cylindrical with a diameter of
near enough 140mm (51/2in). A coil
will then have to be made of 40
turns of 32 s.w.g. enamelled copper
wire. The wire should be wound
close together and
kept well
bunched and taped to keep it
together when removed from the
former. Two such coils are required:
both are identical.
One of the coils is then fitted into
the 'dish' and spot clued in six or
eight places using quick setting
epoxy resin: see photogaraph of the
approximate shape.
L2 is then fitted into place, again
spot gluing it not in the area that it
overlaps L1. The cable connecting
the coil to the circuit is then fed
through a hole drilled in the dish
and connected to the four ends.
These should be directly wired and
glued in place, obviously taking care
that they don't short. The cable must
be a four -wire type with individual
screens
the screens are left
unconnected at the search head.
You will now need the built up
control box and preferrably a 'scope.
The transmit circuit is connected to
L1. The signal induced into L2 is
monitored; at first this may be very
high but by manipulating L2, bending it in shape, etc., the level will be
seen to fall to a very low level. When
a very low level is reached, spot glue
L2 until only a small part is left for
bending.
Ensure that when you are doing
this that you are as far away from
any metal as possible but that any
metal used to mount the handle to
the head is in place. Small amounts
of metal are acceptable as long as
they are taken into account whilst
setting up.
HAND
GRIP
900 ELBOW
merchants.
SLEEVE
CONNECTION
8.5 in
- FEBRUARY
1977.
37
Project 549
ETI
in place.
38
of
the key
the search head
to the whole circuit.
TABLE
1,
LOW
OBJECT
HIGH
SENS
2p COIN
8"
6"
17"
14"
COPPER
6" STEEL
22"
16"
RULER
MANS
GOLD
12"
9"
8r'
6"
BEER CAN
6"
SENS
SQUARE
RING
METER CIRCUIT
Since the circuit is basically
sensing a change in audio level, a
meter circuit can be incorporated.
For the very first indication from the
'crackle' (see later) to heavy crackle
your ears are likely to be more
sensitive than the meter but thereafter it will come into its own.
This part of the circuit is optional
and the components are not included on the board.
FEBRUARY 1977
-E-Ti
PROJECT
MU
IL 5W
94011 Grp.
OW Poem Simply
'
heater
14x.reele
Meter
NM Bow Mailer
4*e8esa Meer
huh Veber
At
0.80
25
BrW
kW Me
'For red Mar
100W Boxer
6018
601C
0230
(1.48
III
11.09
11.43
6010
82
113
114
113
(I.57
11.00
601E
601F
13.36
114
116
116
11.01
117
1176
66p
1178
74311
6018
6014
6012
1.58
E2.14
.30
601146011M
pB8Bp
69P
Blip
309
311
311
BOp
312
312
313
313
674.
914
314
Alp
Male Mar
Slay Mar
790
Wu
Fer C/Ane.
OWN
SO
422 Meru
Res
410
0255
1.37
413
1.73
1.14
1.52
71.82
1.69
Decoder
A. 0
420
834.
7011
429
430
lop
426
427
0.79
45
42.10
429
438
T4
011
023
>op
Toi
14P
509
PMbprapYc TMrr
Tape 39M
512
0y4a1
StepMtn
513
05
52
5264
4205
MOB
40p
1*6er
Alarm
Rpltel Nara Cock
Lear
Om
km Breilt
14.
524
527
524
527
DIr
EWs.
529
Mohr
Tee
PerOIxal
1.66
689
120
1.01
121
121
1n
122
1234
1.01
12.05
99p
123
1238
Rrd Gaerator
n.
Ache
GrimmerGrimmereaer
124
124
128
130
128
433
433A
991
1.19
1.97
11.00
11.16
4338
E1.18
131
131
11.19
438
438
71.09
143
457
534
443
457
534
13.91
.16
411
141
El.51
539
539
(7.5
706
706
15538
11.00
130
6s. Prpese
Supply
Mlio Levi
Aadlo
Esp
Creed*
ceder
Sweet
Toe
SOOO
Lew
Amp.
Me.Thermostatt
(*me Maier
Wide Refit
964.
peer
5298
2.32
Bai Boater
Oplicel Caw1AiIions
kink
Roth
684.
001
nn.5
72.30
0311
119
MP
02.16
551
1297
5512
552
101
018
42.45
02.94
f202
(144
sl
86P
Orden el leu Man (5,00 Pu4 I Orders eery Oehler! rime appraximel
3 weeks
4.929
4,
orders
Curial 9y a pellat19 . All P.CB'a prise. indri PAP nd.NAT
Meprih a
despak9H AIM a wee.
large
THE GRUEN
EXECUTIVE
949
15
(2.32
Up
(1.24
Uric Tester
Der Taler
0.30
533A
5338
NEW TO METAC
NEW BOARDS
5291
85P
533
AO
1.51
Laps Probe
Lees Pian
powers
5536
32
NeM6
41
rNn
(-
71.13
5017
IWNaad
Mew Mordant!'
C4,r
Wetthai
02.73
12.49
60p
TpMnec
Bkecle Spndomeer
Rater Senerater
769
51
0.11
metac Digilol`
UP
CM.
ludo Me Velmetr
Tenpantae Meer
0.62
702
Diener
Ulf
Tone
1.54
17
702
T51
Mal Diner
423
424
427
429
Rear L Afro
le. F.M. 1m
n.10
Sbeee
Um Me
SIR
1.10
420E
rer Rye
6014
601P
1200
4205
424
d5
*fee Pep.
68p
420E
Met Nurser
1.0
20
Rrrlel00ee
Wee *RR Aller
340.
Marts
4144
4148
414C
4140
411E
417
419
417
419
Pr.-Ate.
ML 420
Alp
413
414
474
Ow LED.
1.7
401
906
12.30
1.48
022
019
Seer 94011
TOTAL.
x0.
601A
014
213
007
Baal IR 428/76490
.Cr AMr.
BOARD
305
309
x0.
601
107
213
333
Wele8
1791
Cr Theft Nara
Baffin perir
30 TMq net
Aar.
Muds Syn9mdser
105
DeemerSIree
lY Rerea
'PROJECT
ME
TOTAL
M.
8. 5
WMe 611N
LC Power 9eppry
PCB's
80AR0
N0.
Price,
Continuous display of
hours, minutes and
seconds. Press a button
and display the date.
Back light for night time
viewing.
Quality stainless steel
case. A superb man's
watch.
SOMEONE SPECIAL.
Price
33.00
2 -year guarantee
:()W
.0
l'A/(i(.A11'I'
...0
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129.9
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LIQUID CRYSTAL
ELECTRONIC
WATCH
vai.Iv
No more to pay
2 -year guarantee(
TLESEA
QUARTZ CRYSTAL
ELECTRONIC
WATCH
Especially designed for general purpose use with guitars, PA
systems etc. This amp will provide 50 Watts RMS into 8 ohms with
harmonic distortion level as low as 0.1 5%. Robust case and load
fault protection contribute to the rugged design, which incorporates
an I C mixer pre -amp (giving 2 separate inputs) and a thermally
compensated power amplifier. Overall freq. response (-3d8) is
15Hz to 100KHz with sensitivity 30mV for full output and 52d8
sig. to noise ratio.
Hours/minutes/day/date/
a.m./p.m. indicators/AutoFade. Available in 18ct.
Gold/Rhodium plated.
Slimline Case.
No more to pay
2 -year guarantee
O'seas orders -- add 15% for P+P All items offered for sale
subject to the Terms of Business set out in Doram Edition 3
catalogue, price 60p. The Doram Kit brochure is also
available, price 25p. Combined price only 70p which also
entitles you to 2 x 25p vouchers, each one usable on any
8 separate functions,
- FEBRUARY 1977
39
GLASGOW
BRISTOL
Tel-
0272 654201
Trade and export enquiries welcome. Catalogue price 55p post paid. 40p to callers.
all devices
Top 600 Semiconductors from the largest range in the UK
manufacturers' branded stock from RCA, TEXAS, MULLARD, MOTOROLA,
NATIONAL, SIEMENS, ITT, THOMSON, CSF, SGS, SSDI, FERRANTI, etc.
2N696
251697
29698
2N699
2N706
287065
29708
29709
2N718
257184
297204
25914
251916
29918
2N929
2N930
291131
251132
291613
2N1711
253704
2N3705
293706
293707
293708
793709
293710
293711
2N3712
2N3713
293714
283715
283716
293771
293772
293773
793789
0.35
0.30
0.82
0.55
0.24
0.12
0.21
0.50
0.27
0.50
0.80
0.35
0.30
0.38
0.25
0.26
0.60
0.60
0.35
0.37
0.38
0.60
0.33
0.37
0.30
0.32
0.35
0.22
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.75
2N3'790
253791
2N3792
293794
253819
293820
293823
293904
2N3906
251893
292102
292218
2922184
252219
2522194
252220
252221
2N22214
252222
2522224
2N2368
292369
2523694
292646
252647 1.40
252904 0.36
21429044 0.37
292905 0.37
25129054 0.38
282906 0.28
2529064 0.25
252907 0.21
2929074 0.22
2N2924 0.15
252926 0.13
253019 0.55
253053 0.30
2N3054 0.60
2N3055 0.70
2N3390 0.25
293391 0.25
2533914 0.25
253392 0.16
2N3393 0.15
2N3394 0.15
2N3439 0.88
2N3440 0.64
2N3441 0.85
293442 1.35
293638 0.16
2536384 0.16
293639 0.30
2N3641 0.20
2513702
0.17
293703 0.15
2154036
294037
294058
294059
294060
294061
254062
254126
254289
254919
264920
294921
294922
294923
255190
295191
295192
295195
295245
295294
295295
295296
255298
255447
21,15448
295449
7N5457
795458
295459
285484
2N5486
296027
296101
296107
256109
2N6121
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.16
0.18
0.16
0.18
1.20
2.30
2.45
2.55
2.80
1.85
2.00
2.90
2.90
3.10
3.10
3.50
0.20
0.36
0.38
0.75
0.21
0.22
0.67
0.55
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.17
0.18
0.17
0.20
0.65
0.70
0.50
0.55
0.70
0.60
0.70
0.75
0.90
0.35
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.15
0.15
0.19
0.32
0.33
0.29
0.34
0.38
0.53
0.65
0.42
0.42
0.38
796122
206123
296126
40361
40362
40363
40406
40407
40408
40409
40410
40411
40594
40595
40673
AC126
ACI27
AC128
AC151v
AC152V
AC153
AC153K
AC176
AC176K
AC187K
AC188K
40161
D167
AF106
AF109
F124
F125
AF126
AF127
F139
F186
F200
F239
F240
AF279
F280
BC107
BC108
BCI09
55113
BC115
BC116
8C116
BC117
SC119
85134
BC135
85136
BC137
BC140
BC141
85142
BCI43
BC147
BC148
BC149
BC153
0.43
0.46
0.45
BC158
BC 59
BC160
65212
BC2121
BC213
BC21BL
BC214
BC214L
8C237
BC238
RC239
BC251
6C253
BC257A
8C258A
BC2598
BC261A
BC262B
BC263C
BC300
BC301
BC303
BC307
BC308
BC309C
BC317
BC318
8C327
BC328
BC337
eC338
9C547
0.45
0.30
0.15
0.15
0.19
0.14
0.40
0.45
0.30
0.30
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.27
0.27
0.12
BC121
BC132
0.41
BC167
BC168
BC169
BC170
8C171
BC172
BC171
BC178
BC179
BC182
BC1821
BC183
051831.
BC164
BC184L
BC207
BC208
0.22
0.18
0.30
BCI18
85154
85157
BC161
0.48
1.20
0.58
0.45
0.65
0.65
0.65
2.85
0.75
0.85
0-73
0.37
0.44
0.37
0.35
0.50
0.49
0.55
0.40
0.60
0.55
0.55
0.85
0.85
0.55
0.75
0.85
0.85
0.65
0.65
0.69
0.50
0.70
0.74
0.98
0.80
0.85
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.19
0.20
BC548
BC549
85030
135531
BCV32
BCV33
8CV34
55038
BCY42
BCY58
KY 59
BCV70
BCV71
0.14
0.11
0.14
0.12
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.14
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.14
0.12
0.15
0.15
0.22
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.21
0.19
0.24
0.45
0.45
0.60
0.20
0.18
0.25
0.14
0.12
0-20
0.19
0.19
0.21
0.12
0.12
0.13
1.03
1.06
1.70
1.00
1.20
2.00
0.60
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.24
50136
80137
80138
BD139
80140
50239'
BD240
80241
80242
50243
BD244
80245
50246
BD529
50530
50620
BF115
BF117
8E121
8E123
6E152
0E153
8E154
5E159
8E160
BF161
5E166
BF167
8E173
0E177
BF 1713
BF179
BF180
5E161
BF187
BF 83
1
8E184
5E185
BF194
13E195
8E196
BF197
13E198
HF200
BF 225J
13E244
5E245
BF246
8E254
5E255
BF257
116258
BF259
55459
80639
BFS21A
8E528
BFS61
80131
BFS98
BFX29
BFX30
BFX84
BFX85
BFX87
85137
0.54
BF /038
BD115
80116
0.14
0.50
0.11
BD135
1.20
1.20
0.51
BC). 72
0.11
0.50
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.20
0.20
0.23
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.45
0.45
0.47
0.60
0.62
0.85
BFX89
BFY50
BFv51
BFY52
BFY53
1.25
131090
BRV39
1.37
55920
0.31
0.42
0.47
1.13
0.38
0.70
0.55
0.55
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.35
0.30
0.60
0.40
0.38
0.38
0.30
0.35
0.35
0.40
0.40
0.45
0.45
0.38
0.35
60205
2.20
0.20
MJ481
MJ490
MJ491
MJ2955
MJE340
MJE370
MJE371
MJE52O
MJE521
M.152955
MJE3055
MPB111
MP8112
M98113
MPF102
MPSA05
M85406
MPSA12
MPSA55
MPSA56
MPSUO5
MPSUO6
MPSU55
MPSU56
519294
TIP304
378314
TIP32A
TIP33A
0.13
0.14
0.17
0.18
0.35
0.25
0.35
0.34
0.75
0.24
0.24
0.37
0.45
0.49
0.45
0.28
2.60
1.04
0.30
0.27
0.38
0.40
0.40
1I8344
TIP35A
TIP36A
718414
TIP42A
TIP79c
TIP30c
T1P31c
T1932c
TIP33c
TIP34c
TIP41c
TIP42c
TIP2955
1193055
71543
CA3020
CA30204
CA30284
CA30288
CA3030
CA30304
1.78
2.29
1.01
1.29
0.15
0.20
0.10
0.10
1.35
1.55
1.35
1.85
1.25
0.58
CA3086
0.51
CA3088
LM30751
1.59
2.52
3.80
0.94
0.65
0.44
2.45
0.65
LM308C
1.82
CA3089
CA3090
CA3130
7.143015
1M3019
0.58
0.60
0.45
0.85
LM304
1.40
0.85
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.30
0.23
0.24
0.35
0.24
0.24
0.50
0.68
0.55
0.60
0.45
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.80
0.90
2.50
3.35
0.70
0.80
0.80
0.85
0.66
0.75
1.10
1.20
0.85
0.95
0.65
0.55
0.30
LM3085
1M3096
191317K
19131861
7.143236
LM339N
LM34861
LM 360N
LM370N
LM37151
L M37261
LM373N
LM3745
7.1437711
LM3789
LM3795
LM380.8
LM38161
1.513825
LM3849
LM3865
LM38751
1938814
LM389N
LM 702C
LM709C
1M709N
LM710C
LM710N
LM723C
L147239
LM741C
LM741N
LM741-8
LM7479
LM
0.40
0.40
7489
1A49304 1.00
T449308 1.05
2.25
1.75
2.25
3.95
0.75
0.65
0.45
0.60
0.60
0.85
0.75
0.65
0.50
0.40
0.90
0.50
0.50
1911808
1811828
1.75
TBA530
1.98
1445300 2.07
184540 2.21
TBA5400 2.30
T8A550 3.13
7845500 3.22
1645600 3.22
T84570 1.29
TBA570Q 1.38
TBA6418 2.50
TBA651
1.80
834700 1.52
8347000 1.61
1.57
2.50
1.57
2.55
1.46
T1347200
TBA750
TBA750Q
TBA800
TBA810
2.30
784820
1.03
TBA920
1.79
1.98
2.07
1.20
1.16
TC4160C
TC41608
TC4270
TC42804
TC42904
1.85
1.61
2.25
1.30
3.13
1.87
2.06
761319
76226N
76227N
76228N
1.30
1.94
1.51
1.75
1544204 1.84
765305
0.91
1.50
1.30
1.44
2.09
1.44
0.41
2.76
1.60
2.30
3.22
054170
2.00
2.00
2.30
1.38
3.13
OIL
SOCKETS
8 pm
14 Pm
0.60
0.92
TAA301A 1.50
TAA320A 1.15
1443504 2.48
144521 1.00
1.90
1C4730
TC4740
TCA750
TCA760
1'C4800
040.180
0.66
2.08
1.10
TA4560
5" display
24hr 5" drsplay
11.90
11.90
17.00
17.00
12hr
84" display
24hr 84" display
Transformers 1.50
12hr
17v supply
Tested
17.50
TRIALS
4 amp
amp
8 amp
6
THYRISTORS
5 amp 100V
amp 200V
amp 400V
5
5
0.90
1.10
1.60
0.35
0.40
0.49
BRIDGE RECTIFIERS
0.30
0.32
0.34
W005
W01
W02
W04
W06
540C1500
0.57
0.48
B40C3200
1.10
88051500
880C3200
0.75
1.15
BY164
0.40
0.50
TBA9200 2.99
784940 1.82
761169
TAA522
TAA550
MA1002F
MA1002H
MA1010E
MA1010G
2.21
76114N
765509
765575
765109
766205
766505
766609
766665
modules
TBA5200 2.30
1.70
76532N
76533N
765445
76545N
76546N
1.60
1.25
1.45
0.80
1.05
1.00
1.00
1.76
1.92
TBA520
2.56
2.50
76013N0
2.75
76018K
3.00
76023N0
2.26
76113315
2.15
2.25 ..76110N
7B55100 2.30
MC1,458 0.91
0.53
NE555
1.05
NE556
1.20
NE565
1.65
NE666
1.80
NE567
SAS560 2.50
SAS570 2.50
76001N 1.57
76008K
76013N
0.65
1.50
2.21
TBA500Q 2.30
TBA510 2.21
1.91
760039
1.95
TBA120
884500
1.98
MC1327 1.54
MC1330 0.92
MC 1350 0.75
MC1351 1.20
MC1352 0.97
MC1357 1.45
3.91
TAD 100
TBA400
MC1312
1.75
1.91
1M1800
TAA700
0.70
MC1310
0.90
LM38061 0.98
L M3814
2.45
1M7488
0.41
1.17
2.10
3.00
2.25
6.40
1446618 1.32
LM 3401
0.75
1.60
0.68
1.75
MC1303 1.47
MC1304 1.85
MC1305 1.85
MC1306 1.00
543045
1.50
LM3301N 0.85
1.51330214 1.40
LM3900
LM 3905
LM3909
MC 1035
1.24
1.89
1.40
CA3046 0.89
543048 2.23
CA3049 1.66
CA3057 1.62
CA3053 0.60
CA3080 0.68
CA30804 1.88
0.50
0.32
9134138
0.14
0.34
0.38
0.36
0.34
05921
BU 105
ME0402
ME0404
ME0412
ME4102
ME4104
0.66
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
CLOCK MODULES
16
22
24
28
40
pm
pin
prn
En
pm
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.30
0.35
0.46
0.55
CMOS
4341300 0.24
C04E101 0.24
CD4002 0.24
CD4006 1.34
CD4007 0.24
504000 1.10
504009 0.64
CD4010 0.64
CD4011 0.24
C04012 0.24
C04013 0.64
C04014 1.15
C04015 1.15
CD4016 0.64
C04017 1.15
0.60
TAA570
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
Ava,la5le in 5V
TAA621
2.15
TAA661A 1.32
12V
24 Voll
15V
0.45
0.92
1.10
1.05
1.35
2.85
1.75
t M309K2.10LM317KE3.00LM323K86.40
TTL
SN
7400
SN1401
0.21
SN7402
SN7403
0.21
0.21
0.21
S97412
SN7413
597416
SN7417
SN7420
SN7423
0.26
0.26
0.74
0.74
SN 7404
SN7405
SN7406
5617407
SN7408
SN7409
SN7410
SN /425
SN 7477
0.21
0.51
0.61
0.61
0.21
0.39
0.39
097430
557440
SN7441
0.55
597460
0.21
SN7484
0.21
1.03
SN7470
0.46
0.38
0.43
0.43
0.58
557485
597486
SN7490
557472
597473
S617442
0.78
551446
597447
S57448
1.23
1.17
1.17
SN 7474
SN7475
SN 7476
0.51
0.39
SN 7450
0.27
097480
0.45
0.29
S57430
0.21
S57451
0.29
597437
0.39
1447453
557481
SN7482
0.21
5N7437
0.55
0.21
0.21
0.21
1.10
0.67
1.33
057454
5974133
0.85
SN
1.85
0.41
0.61
5974118
SN /4119
5517491
0.98
597497
557493
097494
597495
557496
0.61
0.61
5974100
0.74
0.78
1.03
1.15
SN
Sal
74107
74121
74122
5574173
5574141
5974145
SN74150
SN74151
SN74153
0.43
0.99
1.80
0.49
0.45
0.58
1.03
1.06
1.66
1.11
1.11
5574154
5574157
SN74160
SN74161
SN 74162
5N74163
SN74164
S974165
0574167
S574174
51574175
1.85
5574176
1.23
0.98
SN74180
SN74181
S574190
55174191
S574197
SN74193
1.77
3.70
S974196
9574197
5574198
S574199
1.17
1.17
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.23
1.23
3.70
1.52
1.35
1.91
1.91
1.62
1.62
2.93
2.93
OPTO ELECTRONICS
I.
FDS
DISPLAYS
SInyle
747
DI 750
D1
0.25
0.26
Vol
Yel
99menl
Double
2.00
2.00
2.50
2.50
01740
DI 70
G
G
3.00
3.00
3.40
3.40
0.25
0.26
Display
3"
3"
5"
5"
Red
Red
Red
Red
MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM
551148INTROKIT
SU MP
rtn
Budget
l.t
CPU
explanalmy
Sem en dur tor,
vnlh
CPU
CHIPS
ISP RA 500D
INS 80804
15.50
23.45
y'I
data
and
-VATS
666,
p
Bt lt-
1.I
J5 nu
applecations
Board
plete
N- ponat
DATA PACK
RAMS
21012
4.14
2102.2
2.90
:111-2
21122
4.14
4.14
1.50
ROMS
MM5704
MM5214
6584
th..
Budget VDU or Teleb,pt.
0 cpmmands
keyboard 1mvid.s manoal
.nstrocnon,551 da,a 'r pIred with oat h k
ly male, w th cassette m.order
E
6.,1 VAT
'I.uldme tvp0
Introka Full
C npletr kit
LOW
POWER
32.30
26.85
2513
170740
8.00
10.80
SCHOTTKY
IN STOCK
WITH
500
NEW
LINES
40
- FEBRUARY 1977
SHEET
ETI DATA
WHEN CMOS CRACKLED its static -laden
path onto the market, the demise of TTL
was widely forecast indeed eagerly awaited
in some quarters. Well CMOS is still around,
but so is TTL. The ease of handling and
operation sem to have ensured a reasonably
bright future for the old boy.
The idea of this Data Sheet Special is to
provide the man at home with some useful
information in a storable form. Quite often
u.
48
.Y
38
3A
3Y
IY
IS
IA
2A
28
1Y
4A
3Y
38
4A
3Y
VCC
30
SN7404
HEX INVERTERS
TRIPLE 3 -INPUT
SN7410
POSITIVE NAND GATES
GM)
36
3A
VCC
66
6Y
56
5Y
4A
aa_ii_[n_m,r_
IC
IV
2A
38
2B
2C
3Y
GND
2Y
SN7420
DUAL 4 -INPUT
POSITIVE NAND GATES
4Y
CC
20
2C
NC
28
1A
11!
0_0_0_0_0_0_
r
L
1V
lA
16
2Y
2A
28 GOD
18
IV
2A
2V
3A
3Y GOD
mew
00-0-00
IA
II
NC
IC
ID
IV
GOD
CMOS
TTL
CMOS
TTL
CMOS
7400
4011
7475
7476
7477
7478
4042
4027
4042
4027
4008
4063
4030
4518
4015
4520
4035
40104
40104
4034
4095
4095
4027
4095
4027
4047
4047
4098
4502
4502
4093
4030
4028
4028
4532
74150
4067
7401
7402
7404
7406
7407
7408
7410
7411
7420
7425
7427
7428
.7430
7432
7437
7440
7442
7445
7446
7447
7448
7449
7450
7453
7454
7470
7472
7473
7474
40107
4001
4009
4009
4010
4081
4049
4049
405.0
4023
4073
4012
4002
4025
4001
4068
4071
4011
4012
4028
4028
4511
4511
4511
4511
4085
4086
4086
4096
4095
4027
4013
4055
4055
4055
4055
7483
7485
7486
7490
7491
7493
7494
7495
7499
74100
74104
74105
74107
74110
74111
74121
74122
74123
74125
74126
74132
74136
74141
74145
74148
4070
4094
40194
40194
4098
4098
74151
74152
74153
74154
74155
74156
74157
74164
74165
74166
74167
74173
74178
74179
74180
74181
74182
74190
74191
74194
74195
74198
74200
4070
74251
74279
74283
74290
74293
OUTS
4051
4051
4052
4514
4555
4555
4019
4015
4097
4097
4515
4556
4556
4021
4014
4527
4076
4035
4035
40101
40181
40182
4.510
4516
40104
4035
4034
4061
4051
4044
4008
4518
4520
40194
4097
SN7413
DUAL NAN[
SCHMITT TRIGGERS
VCC
14
20
2C
13
12
NC
2A
2B
SN7472
FLIP-FLOPS
2Y
VCC
PRESET CLOCK K3
K2
K I
10
1
4rD
ST
S
NC
1A
18
IC
NC
L L_
ID
GND
BY
CLEAR
GNO
SN7473
DUAL J-K
MASTER-SLAVE FLIP-FLOPS
SN7425
DUAL 4-INPUT
NOR GATES WITH STROBE
ONO
2C
m___
2G
1,
VNO
BCD-TO
DECODER)
DRIVE
OUTPUTS
DEL0110.11
61 11
2V
2B
32
SN7447A
SEVEN -SEGMENT
STROBE
D
PRESS
JX.
III 10
CLOCKCLEAR
VCC
SN7430
L!
0.
00
RBi
tl
CLOCKCLEAR
0_ [ 1111111111111
2
SN7474
DUAL D -TYPE
EDGE -TRIGGERED FLIP-FLOPS
GND
LAMP
INPLT
RB
RB
ONO
DNPUTA
TEST
OUi
vii
SN7481, SN7484
16-811
ACTIVE -ELEMENT MEMORIES
8-INPUT
NC
NC
NC
El
MO
r'!'!
iCI
iiti
o-o--o-
SN7476
DUAL J -K MASTERSLAVE FLIP-FLOPS WITH
GND
SN7470
EDGE-TRIGGERED
J-K FLIP-FLOPS
1K
10
GND
2K
VCC
BJ
48
13
4A
4Y
12
38
3A
3Y
10
VCC
20
20
2J'
SN7427
TRIPLE 3 -INPUT
POSITIVE-NOR GATES
VCC
14
1C
13
1V
12
3C
11
L_
38
3A
3Y
DATA INPUTS
VCC
A3
16
A2
Al
B1
AO
15
13
12
11
A3
A2
Al
B1
28
2Y
BO
B3
45
2A
B2
J
IN
1Y
A2
4 -BIT MAGNITUDE
COMPARTORS
A,
18
At
AC
B1
SN7485
/
tA
82
GND
1A
113
2A
2B
2C
84=8
IN
IN
BA-
OUT
A= 8 A
OUT
OUT
21314-2_1111
B3
2Y
DATA
ONO
INPUT
B A
A= 8
AA
A
BA
CASCADING INPUTS
A=
8 A
7
8B
B
8
GND
OUTPUTS
- FEBRUARYs1977
4 -BIT BISTABLE
SN7475
LATCHES
35
GND
40
30
r.ii
COUNTERS
CLOGK
30
OUTPUTS
INPUTS
NC
GND
CA
a_a-aLa_-a_ _a
10
a-a -a-a-a a a
air'..1-.
0
IC
10
CLOCK VCC
1D
30
45
eD
3-,
NC
NC
INPUT
NC
yCC
BC
e.
<A
<B
COUNTERS
l.
3A
38
4 -BIT BINARY.
SN7492
N<
I"
0
5
1.
,B
2.4
2.
GNO
ieom
MEMORY
AT
SELECTINPUTS
INPUT
yCC
OUTPU
N3UT
Q
A
CC
NPUTA
SENSE
NSE
ONO
UTPUT
InI
SERIAL
INPUT
GND
II
_mi
a_Q
COUNTERS
SN74160,SN74161
SYNCHRONOUS
::175131,cc
Bom
Nc
INAUIf
CLOCK/ CLOCK2
OUTPPUTS
R -SHIFT
L -SHIFT
CD
-K CONTROL
MODE
DECADE COUNTERS
GND
INPUTS
ENABLES
SN7490
ti
8-BIT PARALLELSN74164
OUT SERIAL SHIFT REGIS-
TERS
MONOSTABLE
SN74121
MULTIVIBRATORS
--
VCC
__FI4
OUTPUTS
OH
OG
1-- 13
12
"
O CLEARCLOCK
Of
10
-111
TIMING PINS
INPUT
A
NC
GND
a ELM
14
10
9
O
NC
VCC NC
OUTPUTS
0.11A ItiPU
DATA
SENSE
OUTPUT
<
_.
64-BIT READ/WRITE
SN7489
17,
INPUT
81
OG
OH
_a_a
OE CLEAR
CLOCK
L*iI
-a"aaaaa
NC
A2
WITH
MULTIVIBRATORS
CLEAR
REGISTERS
yCC
iS
GND
EP
OC
Oo
RextlCext
OUTPUTS
PARALLEL-LOAD
SN74165
8 -BIT SHIFT REGISTERS
NC
NC
rm___a_m_a_a
1
RALr L
CLOCK
INHIBIT
yCL
INPU TS
5ERIAL003305
INPUT
...11.I[
ELMILELELIEL
CLOCK
SERIAL
SHIFT/
LOAD
11911.1..
A2
81
82
CLEAR
Ii
GND
LCLOCK
- FEBRUARY 1977
0H
6.1
a--a-a-a
ms/ a a a
SH
LOAD
DATA INPUTS
OH
INHIBIT
AI
GND
RETRIGGERABLE
SN74122
SN7491A
OD
4f15
B QA
SERIAL INPUTS
8 -BIT SHIFT
OC
I
GND
OB
OA
CLOCK
OUTPUT ONO
PARALLELINPUTS
43
SYNCHRONOUS RATE
MULTIPLIERS
SN74174
HEX D -TYPE
FLIP-FLOP
SN7497
alto
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
o0
"
IIuIluuuIIiliI.j
eee-re-e
D EFD-D-D11-D-D
BO
ee-e-mmm
GNP
SN74167
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
ACCESS
Op
EAA
CLDK
L
OD
SHIFT REGISTERS
,OUTPUTS
DA
VCC
OB
OC
Op
CLOCK
D_CLEI El El
rag
11/
......1
OA
Cis
OC
OO
CD CLOCK
Js
SERIAL INPUTS
INPUTS
CLOCK
CND
PARALLELINPUTS
INPUT,
DATA
A
CLEAT
MODE CONTROL
CLOCK
LOA()
LAIN
,,
SN74175
On
QUAD D -TYPE
FLIP-FLOP
OCc CN O
ETi
SN74190,
SN74191
SYNCHRONOUS
UP/DOWN COUNTERS WITH
TAINPUTS
SN74184,
SN74185A
OA
CONVERTERS
ri
mmii_o
BINARY SELECT
ENABLE
G
OUTPUT
VS
GE
DC
YB
0
OAT A
11111Lo
--o--o-o-c
0
ABLE DOWN
G
OUTPUTS
`V1
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
V2
V3
V4
VS
Y6
Vl ,GND
OUTPUTS
At low
or 20 standard loads.
-FEBdt#iY
grossly
IE
FIRING
LINE
/ POINTS
CLOSE
ZERO
LINE
FIRING
SECTION
DWELL
SECTION
I,
POINTS
OPEN
INTERMEDIATE
SECTION
FEBRUARY 1977
45
'Scope test
your car
-
then it's
or just or or two
that there's a shorted turn in
the coil. It may not have broken down
completely yet but it's a safe bet it
lations
a
safe bet
0Kv
Points pouncing probably caused by weak
closing spring.
Points misaligned
46
- or dirty.
15
KV
10KV
5KV
FIRING LINE
All firing lines should be of roughly
equal height. If any plug is 10-15% or
more higher than the rest, connect a
jumper lead to earth and short out at,
the plug terminal. If the firing line now
decreases the fault lies within that
either a faulty plug or
cylinder
unusually weak mixture (probably
caused by a leaking inlet manifold
gasket). If the firing line does not
decrease there is a partial open circuit
in the associated plug lead or that
lead is not making firm contact with
the connector within the distributor
If the firing lines are unequal on a
multi-carburettored engine check to see
if the lines which are higher correspond
to those cylinders fed by one common
carburettor. If so it is probable that the
mixture from the carburettors is unbalanced. A further but less common
fault that may be spotted this way is
the gap
an eccentric distributor cap
between rotor and distributor contacts
being wider on one side than the other.
At some time during the check
'snap' the throttle wide open momentarily, meanwhile watching the firing lines.
They should all rise by about the same
amount. If one or more lines rise
substantially higher than the others then
there is an open circuit plug lead or
resistor, a wide plug gap or badly
deteriorated plug electrode.
One or more lines staying lower than
normal indicates spark plug breakdown
or insulation breakdown in the circuit
concerned.
0 KV BMW 1111111171.111111111311111I1
0KV
1p-
Zan
MIMIIMMIMIIMIIM111.110111111131r1
cap.
0KV
5KV
SPECIFIC INDICATIONS
0KV
One line breaks up. Insulation break down
probably spark plug fouling. Extreme cases
will show similar signal under normal
steady running.
10KV
5KV
0KV
lead etc.
BREAKER POINTS
Point E on the main waveform. The
drawings accompanying this article
show various fault indications. Note
however that faulty point action may
also show up at the point opening
position (A). Check breaker point
action with the engine running at all
speeds. Weak or incorrect breaker
- FEBRUARY 1977
TRIGGER
INPUT
10k
TO CHASSIS
OF CAR
If the scope has a trigger input, this may be used to lock in the
ignition signal. Just make up a second capacitive pick-up and place
this around number 1 plug lead. Once again use a 1000pF capacitor
as a divider but bridge this capacitor with a 10k resistor - not 1M as
previously.
pattern.
COI L
notably
With very few exceptions
the high voltage
on some Citroens
side of a vehicle's ignition system is
designed to have positive earth
regardless of overall vehicle battery
polarity.
The reason for this is that electrons
emitted more readily from a hot
surface than a cold one so as a spark
plug centre electrode always runs
hundreds of degrees hotter than the
side electrode the ignition system is
devised so that a negative potential is
applied to the centre electrode.
If this polarity is reversed, the
plug will require an extra 5 kV or more
and that voltage may not be
to fire it
available from the coil under heavy
or when running at light throttle
load
at high speed (remember a weak
mixture needs a higher voltage to ignite
it than a rich one).
are
Start the motor and adjust the 'Y' gain and timebase frequency
to give four (or six or eight) complete firing sequences across the
screen. The first complete pattern will be number 1 cylinder and the
rest will follow in the engine firing order.
All waveforms may be superimposed by expanding the trace and
triggering via the X input.
If the scope does not have a trigger input, synchronization is
slightly harder to achieve. Number 1 cylinder may be identified
simply by shorting out that cylinder momentarily.
When the scope is connected as described above, the ignition
waveform will appear inverted relative to that seen on a commercially produced ignition analyser - and the waveforms shown in this
article. It is surprisingly easy to adapt to an inverted picture, however, if this is found to be a problem, it can be remedied simply by
coupling the signals into the scope via a simple 1:1 transformer.
Details will vary from one scope to another but all that is basically
needed is two coils of wire taped together. It may be necessary to
reduce the 1000pF capacitorls to 470pF. Just connect the secondary to give the correct picture.
If possible, arrange to calibrate the scope's vertical axis so that
the magnitude of the signals may be measured. This is best done
simply by taking average indications from several vehicles and
'calibrating' by transferring data from the graphs in this article. The
result may not be accurate, but only a rough guide is required.
MIXTURE STRENGTH
This section is intended for the lucky
man who has access to an exhaust gas
analyser and tachometer as well as a
scope.
- FEBRUARY 197/
another.
The voltage required to fire a rich
mixture is substantially less than for a
weak mixture: for instance a 12:1 ratio
may need 3 to 4 kV
whilst a 15:1
ratio may need 7 to 9 kV (typically).
Thus even quite small differences in
mixture strengths will be reflected
quite dramatically in firing line height.
The only accurate way to adjust
mixture strength is as follows:
Semiconductors from
LYNX ELECTRONICS
B
0
PIV
to
(T092)
5KV
50
100
0.20'
200
400
0.27'
--
0.30'
4A
3A
10106)
105)
6A
(T0220)
0.32
0.37
0.40
0.45
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.70
0.25
0.25
0.35
0.40
0.65
0.25"
500
0KV
(3
(T0220)
0.41
0.47
0.58
0.87
--
BA
10A
10A
(T0220)
0.42
0.48
0.60
0.88
(T0220)
0.42
0.48
0.60
0.88
1.19
(70220)
0.47
0.54
0.68
0.98
1.28
3.19
1.09
6.5A
0.60
0.64
0.78
0.99
0.60
0.64
0.77
0.96
110V
200V
400V
6007
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.87
(b)
la)
(b)
la)
Normal pattern:
Note that the firing line for cyl. 1 appears
at the extreme end of the trace. The remaining cylinders then appear in engine firing
TTL 74 SERIES
PLASTIC
7400
1401
7402
7403
744
lb)
(a)
0.70
0.75
0.83
0.78
0.87
0.97
1.01
1.21
la)
0.63
0.87
1.13
1.42
0.78
0.87
1.01
1.28
(b)
(a)
(b)
0.63
0.87
1.19
1.50
1.01
1.01
1.17
LINEAR ICS
0.55'
307
380
555
565
566
567
709
0.90
14 Rn Oil
8 Pin Cil
14 Pin Oil
0.45
2.00"
741
8,14
8/14
748
8 Pin Oil
Pin Oil
Pin Oil
14 Pin Dil
018
742
742
018
0.57
0.45
0.85
0.67
7410
7412
7413
7414
7416
7417
7420
7422
1423
7425
7427
7121
7150
016
7492
1493
7494
7495
7496
0.28
0.25
0.72
0.43
8.43
0.16
0.38
0.40
0.30
747
4.32
041
74141
74115
74150
74151
74153
74154
704
707
727
1.17
0.77
2.55
0.99
0.99
'1.15
728
1.95
1.80
1.80
1.85
AC141
50141K
AC142
AC142K
AC176
ACI 76K
AC187
AC187K
AC188
AC188K
AD140
AD142
60143
5KV
513149
AD761
AD162
AL102
AL103
AF114
AF115
AF116
AF117
AF118
AF139
AF239
AU103
AU106
AU113
BC107
BC107B
8C108
0 KV
80109
8C109C
8C11
BC125
130126
7175
032
047
7475
0.36
742
055
SPECIAL OFFER
A TO3 5V 1.25
723
0.45
amp Plastic
7805
7812
7815
7818
LM340-5
1.60
1.50
1.60
LM340-12
Pm
14 Pin
16 Pin
0.18'
0.20'
8C1821
8C183
6C1831.
8C184
BC184L
802078
60212
BC213
BC213L
8C214
BC214L
BC237
8C238
BC300
BC301
BC323
5C327
8C328
BC337
8C338
BCY30
80131
0.10'
0.10'
0.11'
0.11'
0.12'
0.11'
0.12'
0.12'
0.14'
0.14'
0.16'
0.16'
0.34
0.32
0.60
0.18'
0.16'
0.17'
0.17'
80439
1.15
8C470
0.12
0.18
0.12
0.55
0.36
BCY71
80172
130115
00131
130147
0.09
80138
0.09'
0.09'
0.25'
0.32
0.38
0.09'
0.11'
0.11'
BC134
8C438
80432
80733
BC144
BC148
BC149
BC152
0.55
0.55
0.60
0.55
0.55
0.50
50132
80135
80136
60143
0.18'
0.09'
0.09'
0.09'
0137
813139
80181
80182
134
1.28
0.77
129
1.82
1.32
070
1.21
1.20
1.20
0.93
093
3.70
1.06
094
74191
74190
74191
74192
3.20
1.33
1.33
74117
74196
74100
081
274
1.31
71193 1.39
1.64
74196
2.74
1.12
T03
1.50
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
LM340-15
LM340-18
HARDWARE
INC.
-2
Mica
washers
Solder TA6
1
BC158
BC159
80782
075
IC SOCKETS
Bel 53
60157
BC1688
1.26
7462
7483
1.12
0.47
0.45
0.71
0.75
0.74
0.86
7112 1.23
026
REGULATORS
7.50
BC161
74174
74175
74171
0.18
748/
1.16
1.80
80160
- LM309K
74181
74182
74163
74164
74165
74167
815
016
1.15
035
1412 1.20
0.81
0.01
0.30
0.35
1.20
3.50
74155
74157
0.16
0.76
0.65
1.50
2.56
0.32
pes
25 pcs.
100 pcs.
for 1.00
0.28
0.23
0.23
0.30
80141
BC142
0.15
0.16
0.13
0.25
0.18
0.28
0.18
0.28
0.16
0.25
0.18
0.25
0.18
0.25
0.50
0.50
0.46
0.45
0.35
0.35
0.95
0.93
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.50
0.35
0.37
1.30'
1.70'
1.60'
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.12
0.19'
035
7477
7474
7451
TRANSISTORS
0.20
0.90
0.37
0.41
0.35
7470
7472
1.38
/41,
0.14
0.2
Clear
02
Green
OCP7 t
016
1.61
0.45'
7.25'
20 for 3 40
5KV
0.13
Red
0.2.
070
14100
74107
74110
14119
14121
14122
14173
74125
0.53
0.18
0.10
0.89
50 for
7445
1446
7447
7448
7450
0.18
7453
1454
1480
747
750
0.89'
7442
Discretes
Displays
1.69
1.56
10 for
7433
7437
7438
7440
OPTOELECTRONICS
0.50
10 KV
7432
7441
P4r
7491
Offer
15KV
0.45
t./t
TIL209
10p
0.28
0.35
0.70"
0.85'
032
212
7491
1.25
0.51
Red LED
2.00"
0.35
CA3045
CA3046
CA3130
MC1304
MC1307P
MC1458P
SN 75324
SN75451
SN75452
TAA300
TAA310
TAA550
TAA611B12
TBA530
00
016
018
142
0.18
1.74
2.17
2.11
7464
7465
7466
7187
Special
1.50
Pm Del
8 Pin Dil
B
3900
'4-
1.17
1.70
0J5
0.16
0.16
0.16
7405
7406
15A
10A
Triacs without internal trigger diac are priced under column (a). Triacs with internal trigger diac are
iced under column (b). When ordering please Indic 1e clearly the type required.
sequence.
80183
0.97
0.60'
0.48'
0.55'
0.60'
BD232
80233
80237
80238
80184
1.20
0.80
0.60
1.70
1.65
1.15
2.52
2.14
2.14
4.68
3.93
3.56
0.28
0.30
BD420
80438
80160
BDY61
130462
80193
80194
BD495
80496
80197
80198
6F178
8F179
8E194
8F195
81196
BF197
B12243
0.10'
0.10'
0.1Y
0.12'
0.18'
0.17'
0.30'
13F244
8F257
0.35
0.32
13F258
8F337
BFW60
6FX29
8F530
BFX84
BFX85
8FX88
8F450
81151
0F452
8F464
131190
0730
8R100
8F139
0.36
0.39
0.40
0.48
0.58
0.86
0.92
BSX19
RSX20
8SX21
BSY95A
BT106
BT107
1311 08
0.16
0.16
0.18
0.45
0.80
24 Pm
40 Pin
81109
BT116
1.00
1.00
1.80'
BUMS/ 02 1.90'
81.1126
1.60'
BU204
1.60'
13U105
0590
0591
0C41
0C42
0C44
0C45
0070
BU208
2.60
131206
0.15
BY207
131436.-
0.20'
0072
0.12'
0.15"
SC40A
0C406
0.18'
0.21'
SC400
5040F
00415
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
SC41B
300
600
900
1200
571(38--
300
600
900
1200
BZX61
Zeners
Series
0.20
BZX83 or
BZX88 Series
Zeners
0.11
C106A
C106B
C106D
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.35
C106F
I05
0.17
CRS
0.26
0.30
0.23
0.25
0.20
0.20
0.18
0.19
0.35
0.65
0.20
0.40
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.12
1.00
1.60
1.60
CRS1 10
CRS1 20
CRS140
CRSi 60
CRS305
CRS3 10
C9S3 20
CRS3 40
CR53 60
M3480
M3481
MJ490
0.25
0.25
0.35
0.40
0.65
0.34
0.45
0.50
0.60
0.85
0.80
1.05
0.90
443491
1.15
M3E340
MJE371
MJE520
MJE521
0.40'
OAS
0.60
0.45
0.55
0.50'
0071
0084
SC4113
SC41F
ST2
TIP29A
TIP30A
TIP31A
TIP32A
TIP34
TIP41A
TIP42A
N2069
Nuts
/Bolts
Washers
50 for 65p
0.08
0.08
0.15
0.15
0.32
0.32
0.30
0.35
0.22
0.40
0.73
292484
2N2646
252905
2N2905A
2N2926R
2529260
2529264
2N2926G
253053
243054
2443055
0.81
253440
0.98
0.65
0.65
0.70
0.85
0.60
0.20
0.44
0.52
0.54
0.64
2N3442
2N3525
243570
243702
253703
2143704
2143705
1.05
253706
2N3707
253714
293715
253716'
0.08
0.72
0.14
0.16
0.04'
0.05'
0.06'
0.07'
253771
253772
2N3773
253819
243904
253906
254124
2N4290
13.091
2614348
0.09'
0.10'
0.14
254870
29696
2N697
0.12
244920
244922
254923
2N5060
255061
2N5062
295064
755496
52070
N41
N400002
94003
N4004
04005
N4006
N4007
25706
2N929
0.10
24930
0.14
0.14
2611131
0.15
2N1132
0.16
241711
252102
0.18
0.44
251304
251305
292369
2923694
0.45
0.40
294871
254919
0.16
0.50
0.18
0.22
0.10'
0.09'
0.09'
0.10'
0.15
0.40
0.90
0.56
1.20
0.50
0.80
0.10'
0.10'
0.10'
0.10'
0.10'
0.10'
1.05
1.15
1.25
1.60
1.60
2.10
0.29'
0.16'
0.11'
0.14
0.12
1.20
0.35'
0.35'
0.70'
0.50'
0.59'
0.46'
0.20'
0.25'
0.27'
0.30'
0.65
0.14
0.14
48
0.96
1.02
1.14
1.40
1.80
0KV
15A
(T06. 4)
- FEBRUARY 1977
SHORT
CIRCUITS
This new series will describe straightforward projects but they are not necessarily
simple in their operation or aimed at the
beginner. We plan to carry between two
and four such projects each month.
LED DICE
THIS SIMPLE DICE PROJECT IS
based on a CMOS (Complementary Metal -Oxide Semiconductor)
integrated circuit counter which is
stepped by the output of a 555
The LEDs may therfore be numbered from one to six and the device
can then be used as a dice.
CONSTRUCTION
6500
Hz.
i
PB1
15
R1
107.
13
IC2
4017
4
16
10
555
4117
9V
BATTERY
IC
LED
1.6
Cl
22n
R2
1k5
ALL COMPONENTS
MARKED WITH A CIRCLE
ARE MOUNTED OFF THE
PC BOARD
- FEBRUARY 1977
C2
swt
-iioW it works-
49
Short Circuits
by means of a small flat on the
plastic body of the component
adjacent to the cathode lead or the
cathode lead many be shorter than
the other. Make sure that the leds
if
are inserted the correct polarity
any LED fails to light when the
button is pressed it is most likely
that it is the wrong way round.
The dice project may be assembled using the Veroboard layout as
given or using the printed -circuit
board alternative. If Veroboard is
used the tracks must be cut in the
positions indicated with a small drill
bit. The components are then
assembled to the respective board
with the appropriate overlay.
Parts List
CAPACITORS
22n
Cl
4u7
C2
RESISTORS
10K
R1
1K5
R2
All
'MA/ 5%
ceramic or similar
16V electrolytic
SWITCH
SEMICONDUCTORS
ICI
555 resistors
4017 CMOS
IC2
LED 1,2,3,4,5,6
TI L 209 or similar
P.B.1
SW1
CASE
ABS
M2
Doram
MISCELLANEOUS
PP3 battery
PP3 battery clip
Board spacers
Nuts, bolts, etc.
PUSH
BUTTON
ef8511,12 IS\
lI
TO 9V
1:
ceiti.A.AJD
LED
1-6o
ooaoo
k
35mm.
BATTERY
1Ct
-_RZ.t
TWO TONE
DOORBELL
CONSTRUCTION
THIS ELECTRONIC DOORBELL IS
based on the 555 integrated circuit.
The device is widely used in many
types of timers and as a simple
- FEBRUARY 1977
--I1oW It works
PUSH
BUTTON
9V
BATTERY
T
I
am
D2
tt"""
IN4001
C3
100u
C1
555
-\
8-
4p 7
16V electrolytic
ceramic or similar
16V electrolytic
16V electrolytic
10V electrolytic
1000u
470u
RESISTORS
R1, R2, R3, R4,
R5
All at %W 5%
SEMICONDUCTORS
TO
SPEAKER
TO
BELL
CASE
Samos S2
33K
22R
555 timer
IN4001
TRANSFORMER
240V - 6/0/6
T1
100mA
IC1
SWITCH
SPEAKER.
LS1
2'Y"
RQF1fili 113
PUSH
CAPACITORS
Cl
4u7
C2
22n
C3
t00u
P.B.1
1138
D2
Parts List
C4
C5
002
SPEAKER
C1
Doran-)
82
type.
MISCELLANEOUS
fuse holder
F1
3 -core mains flex
2 -core bell flex
Panel gromet
4 board spacers
Nuts, bolts, etc.
250mA fuse
-IIIi
_ J
1
EARTH TO
CHASSfs
F1
hue.iw:
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- FEBRUARY 1977
Dow-beil
51
short Circuit
AMP
BENCH
110W it works
several
Rl
10k (10mV)
R2
220k
_..L.
9V
BATT.
-7- 1000
R7
22k (20mV)
R9
100k
SW
Cl
47
47k (50mV)
SW1
INPUT
R4(100
C5
14
1001
470u
/VWV`
R5 (150
-T\
9V-1-
SW
BATT
8M
R12
150k mV)
R6
270k (250mV)
180R
SPEA0HKER
R8
220k
LED
O
PINS 3,4,5,7,10,11,12
ARE CONNECTED TO OV
Circuit diagram of the Bench Amp
*
52
- FEBRUARY 1977
Construction
is
Parts
RESISTORS
R1
10K
R2
22K
47K
100K
R5
150K
R6
270K
R7,8
220K
R10,11 1009
R3
R4,9
R12
180R
All YzW5%
POTENTIOMETER
RV1
100K Log rotary
SEMICONDUCTORS
IC1
741 op -amp
IC2
LED1
0.2" type
MISCELLANEOUS
Phono socket
list
CAPACITORS
Cl
4u7
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
16V electrolytic
16V electrolytic
ceramic or similar
16V electrolytic
16V electrolytic
25V electrolytic
47u
10n
1000u
470u
1000u
SWITCHES
SW1
1 pole 6 -way rotary
SW2
single pole / Off -On toggle
SW3
single pole / Off -On rocker
TO RV1
CASE
Samos S7
Doram
SPEAKER
LS1
2%"
'
8S-2
="
__
type
.-:.::,
,,;::::;:.
;:::,.
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Well, Mr. Quigley & Son may
have got THEIR Scanning Electron Printer working but we are
not YET sending ET! out on the
Viewdata Link!
So if you can't get it from your
newsagent, fill in the form
below to ensure a regular copy
by post.
....
Name
Address
L
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL -- FEBRUARY 1977
Feb.
77
J
53
.
0
.11111111M.
PART 1
FILM
27 4
Carbon Film
(b) Metal Film
(c) Metal Oxide Film
(d) Metal Glaze (Cermet)
25 4
3
Dimensions in mm
These resistors are manufactured by a
'cracking' or pyrolytic process where a
hydrocarbon vapour at high temperature is decomposed onto a special
15.9
.tegit.
d
force fitted
cap
3.6
Max. Working
Voltage
0.25
0.35
0.5
1
2
111
12)
(3)
(4)
54
500
700
1000
1000
1000
1000
150
250
350
500
500
1.
of
TABLE
Fig. 2. Example
fusible -type of
thick -film resistor.
Rated
Wattage
as the
'weighting' resistor network in a digital to -analogue converter). Another application is for 'pull-up' resistors for open collector logic gates.
Thin film resistors are constructed in a
similar fashion but on a considerably
smaller scale. They are primarily used in
IC manufacture. Some thin film resistor
networks are available in standard DI L
integrated circuit packages and these
find application in digital circuitry.
There are four basic types of film
(a)
ceramic rod
spiralled track
1.
resistor:-
collodial graphite
Fig.
resistance
1411
DIL
standard
Max. Operating
Critical
(S hot -spot)
Resistance
Temperature
Commercial Mil." Commercial Mil.
107
107
107
107
107
150
130
130
130
130
130
2 M
180
3M9
250
2M7
1M8
1
250k
470
250
120
Uninsulated
Types
Insulated
Types
Typical
Resistance
Length
Diameter Length
3.7 mm
9.5 [vim
9.5nvn
11.7 mm
19.1 rnm
35 mm
Diameter Range
8mm
0S?
- FEBRUARY
1977
GROWING OLD
All resistors change their value permanently with age and use. Carbon
composition resistors are the worst in
this regard and may be expected to
change as much as 20% Film and wire wound resistors are considerably better.
GETTING HEATED
Carbon film resistors exhibit temperature characteristics which are superior
to composition resistors, but not as
good as metal film or wirewound types.
cotemperature
Nevertheless, the
efficient of carbon film resistors is quite
acceptable for a wide variety of applications. Only those applications requiring a very good temperature characteristic warrant the use of the other,
usually more expensive, film resistors.
Carbon
film
resistors have
stability of
-0.05
w
c
-0.03
-001
Min
TABLE
Rated
Wattage
@
70C
0.125
0.250
0.33 10.5
0.5
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.0
1.25
2.0
2.0
111
121
(31
(41
15)
40)
Max.
Working
Voltage
250 V
300 V
300 V
350 V
350 V
350 V
500 V
500 V
600 V
750 V
750 V
equivalent
than
moulded
or
s
80
IM
60
0.33
!III
I
1K
3K
}lii
t0
III
20
50
100
OK
200
400
Frequency in megacycles
I00K
loo
1K
I0K
Resistance, ohms
100
better
IM
resistors.
Ave
Resistance, ohms
power derating
-002
10
IOOK
several
G_
Min's
I0K
are
Max
23
O
$ d
1000
There
Ave
100
DERATE,DERATE
Max
10
-0.03
-0.01
NOISES
- FEBRUARY 1977
a silicone resin compound which have superior heat dissipating properties. These types have a
hot -spot temperature of around 165C
and are derated from 70C, as illustrated in Figure 8. It is best to check the
manufacturer's literature if the power
derating characteristics are needed.
Special 'carbon -alloy' types have a hot spot temperature of 200C but are not
commonly used.
Carbon film resistors are available in
ratings from 0.1W to 2W and in values
that range from 10 ohms to 15M for
55
TL
00
80
60
75
Derating Curve
40
50
20
25
40
50
60
70
00
90
100
110 120125
30
Ambient Temperature C
Fig. 6. Derating curve for miniature
moulded carbon -film resistors.
25
o
40
50
60
70
91
100
90
Ambient Temperature
1p
18p
18p
18p
25p
25p
45p
45p
7417
7420
25p
27p
18p
26p
27p
38p
96p
34p
40p
18p
7421
43p
7422
24p
40p
33p
40p
39p
18p
37p
37p
37p
18p
85p
75p
116p
116p
90p
90p
90p
85p
20p
20p
20p
20p
32p
30p
34p
36p
48p
34p
54p
103p
75p
99p
1O3p
7411
7412
7413
7414
7416
7473
7425
7427
7428
7430
7432
7437
7438
7440
7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
7448
7451
1453
1454
7460
7470'
7477
7473
7474
7475
7476
7480
7481
7482
7483
7484
130p
36p
340p
7490
43p
7491
81p
7492
55p
7493
43p
7494
81p
7495
70p
7496
84p
7497
340p
74100 116p
7486
7489
74104 60p
74105 60p
74107 32p
74109 96p
74110 55p
74116 216p
7411-8 Sop
74120 130p
74121
32p
74127 52p
74123 73p
74126 75p
74137 75p
74136 81p
/4141 80p
74142 300p
74145 75p
74148 173p
74150 155p
74151
77p
74153 92p
74154 164p
74155 96p
74156 96p
74157 97p
74160 116p
74161 116p
74162 116p
74163 116p
74164 130p
74166 136p
74167 370p
74174 131p
74175 92p
74176 131p
74177 120p
74180 120p
74181 322p
14182 89p
74185 146p
74190 155p
74191 15p
74192130p
74193 13Op
74194 130p
74195 96p
4000
21p
4001
21p
4002
4006
4007
4009
21p
120p
4011
21p
19p
21p
67p
4012
4013
4015
4016
4017
4018
4070
4077
4023
55p
90p
54p
110p
247p
140p
180p
4024
100p
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4042
4043
4046
4047
4049
4050
4054
4055
4056
4060
4069
4071
4077
4081
4082
4510
4511
4516
4518
4528
19p
19p
200p
Sip
152p
130p
59p
150p
218p
1561,
110p
68p
50p
130p
140p
145p
130p
30p
29p
29p
21p
29p
142p
200p
140p
140p
130p
LM309K
LM309H
5V
5V
723
14pm
DIL.
703
Amp
100614
TOS
1154
TO5
7846758 12V
VARIABLE
7905
7912
7915
7918
7974
215p
215p
215p
215p
215p
150p
97p
106p
45p
56
TO 99
14 pm DIL
14 pin DIL
8
8
14 pm OIL
14 pm DIL
70p
40p
160p
TO
99
70p
108p
108p
70p
8 pm DII
8pmD11
8 pm DIL
14 p.n DIL
LINEAR I.C.s
AY
10217
CA30284
C43046
CA3048
CA3053
CA3080
043089E
CA309040
ICL8038CC
LM380N
IM381N
I M3895
M752
MCI 310P
MC1351P
MC3340P
MFC4000B
5E5401
56555V
56556
NE561
5E5628
Tone Generator
Doff Cascade Amp
5
tin DII
71
Translator Array
Yn DIL
4 Lo Nome Amp
me
OIL
DIL
8 DIL
16 pm DIL
OIL
16 0,0 011
14 pm" DIL
14 pm OIL
18 pm OIL
16 pm DIL
14 pin DIL
14 pm DIL
0M IF System
FM Stereo Decoder
VCO Fun Gen
7W Audm Amp
Stereo Pre Amp
Aud Amp +3 Tr, Array
Rhythm Generator
FM Stereo Decoder
Lm' Del AO Pre amp
Elertromc Attenuate,
'W Audm Amp
Aud Pwr Dever
pm DII
425p
425p
200p
200p
200p
400p
275p
P11
14 pm DIL
8 pm DIL
8 pm DIL
S034025
X'og Modulator
0,11 Comparator
Video Amp
Aud Pwr Amp with HS
10P' Amp 'n 8 ohm,
Sod Pop Amp wuh H5
Aud Pwr Amp w4h HS
S u,I Poo Arnp with HS
Aud Amp In, TV
FM IF Amp Lm Det
Audm Amp
5W Audm Amp
7W Audm Amp
71A, Audm Amp
20W Audio Amp
Pro, T'mer Cnunte,
THE Rack) Receiver
SN72710
5577733
SN16003N
SN76008
5,760135
76023 5
SN76033N
7446714
7X46618
18X6418
SN
TRA800
T481(1
T84820
T DA2070
PHOTO TRANSISTORS
OCP7O
40p
OCP71
120p
255777
5Op
lop
7112119 Red
16p
TIL711 Gran
TIL32 Infrared
32p
81p
02
75p
75p
54P
LEDS
LORs
ORP61
16 pm DIL
16 pm OIL
14 pm DII
14 pm DIL
150p
16 pm OIL
275p
5 pm Plastic 280p
16 pin DIL
175p
16 pu, OIL
175p
16 pin DIL
275p
O!1
270p
OIL
150p
OR
300p
Olt
100p
OIL
125p
011
100p
Olt
375p
16 pm DIL 400p
TOl R
140p
DRIVERS'
75491
84p
1,492
104p
OPTO -ELECTRONICS
ORP12
ORP60
850p
190p
104p
180p
16 pm OIL
16 pin DIL
8 pm 011
Dual 555
PLI well AM Demod
PLL with VCO
70p
97p
250p
500p
370p
115p
190p
175p
14 pm DIL
TO5
The,
18p
29p
Red
I
0,een
re n
320
e 7,1
DL 74
TORS
AC125
AC126
AC127
AC128
AC176
AC187
AC187K
AC188
AC188K
AD149
AD161
AD162
AF115
650p
112p 46116
85p AF117
250p 46139
90p
140p
40p
96p
PCB
NE565
NE566V
NE567V
2567
x82240
75414
150p
150p
150p
150p
150p
3130
3140
3900
40p
300p
36p
25p
8 pm DIL
In, Comp
Dual 741
Ext Comp
Pro9 Op Amp
Dual Op Amp
CMOS Op Amp
BIMOS FET input
Quad Op Amp
741
748
776
1458
TRANSIS-
Eel Comp
EFT Op 4mp
Eel Comp
5361
709
747
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
Fired -Pl a,uc 3 Terminals
Amp +ve
5V 7805
12V
1812
15V
7812
18V 7818
24V 7824
3014
74197 120p
74198 270p
74199 220p
C-MOS ICs
150
180
OC
160p
25op
AF239
BC107'8
8C108'8
8C109
8C147
8C148
BC149
8C157
BC158
BC159
BC169C
8C171
BC177
RC173
8C171
BC178
BC179
BC:187
8C183
BC184
BC187
BC2,2
8C713
BC214
8C478
8C547
80557
BCY70
6C071
BD174
86178
20p
20p
20p
18p
20p
20p
86194
30p
13p
BF195
11p
86196
86197
8E200
8F257
0E258
17p
19p
40p
34p
39p
34p
34p
34p
349
37p
36p
30p
30p
30p
25p
20p
B6R39
25p
54p
BFR79
BFR80
BFR88
BFX30
39p
39p
6E1340
22p
22p
22p
43p
48p
86X84
10p
10p
11p
9p
9p
BFv50
lap
B6Y51
16p
18p
8FX85
8E686
BFX87
81,X88
BF057
BRY39
BSX19
30p
45p
20p
10p
11p
13p
13p
15p
85X20
2
8U105
175p
85108
312p
MJE340 49p
M32955 130p
12p
12p
13p
MJE7955130p
20p
MPSA12
17p
MPSA56
MPSUO6
20p
12p
12p
14p
32p
14p
12p
17p
32p
12p
12p
80131
80137
80135
80136
BD139
80140
22p
24p
140p
39p
43p
54p
55p
54p
60p
80056
86115
225p
24p
86167
81173
25p
27p
MJF3O55
MPS406
MPSU56
OC78
OC35
0071
TIP29A
80p
40p
62p
40p
78p
98p
9op
90p
25p
TIP790
662p
T1P30A
TIP30C
60p
72p
TIP31A
TIP31C
TIP32A
TIP37C
TIP33A
TIP33C
TIP344
TIP34C
56p
TIP354
TIP35C
TIP364
TIP36C
TIP41A
TIP41C
116424
68p
63p
85p
97p-
prolonged
overload.
HIGH PRAISE INDEED
The execellent stability and low cost
of carbon film resistors, along with
other desirable features such as low
noise, small TC and good high
frequency characteristics have contributed to their increasing use in a wide
range of electronic applications. The
general characteristics of carbon film
OP. AMPS
74196120p
120
50
7401
90
Fig. 8. Power derating curve for specially constructed carbon film resistors.
75
7400
60
Ambient TerTIpe,ature
resistors
TIP42C
P2955
TIP3055
TIS93
77X108
7X300
ZTX500
7TX504
75697
TI
25698
25706
25708
25918
2N930
251131
is
given in Table 2.
88p
85p
70p
30p
11p
16p
19p
bop
755089
255296
25p
7N6292
40360
45p
22p
22p
43p
256107
2N6247
19p
20p
40411
2N7906
25p
2520268/3 9p
755458
755459
35128
3N140
7N3905
253906
97p
22p
25p
E2p
81,
64
ZENER
75p
325p
90p
97p
?7to33V
40LJmW
1W
38p
40p
40p
MPF103
MPF104
MPF105
11p
22p
40603
40673
UJTS
TI543
40p
2N2646
254811
DIAC
BR100
'
50V Plaotir
174 400V Plast0.
164 100V Plastic
164 4000 Pla,pr
164 600V Plaster.
7p
9p
9p
8p
10p
4p
11p
4p
34p
04700
04207
81p
76p
254427
15914
15916
154148
108p
105p
2.70
E10.80
E4.70
8.50
IA 400V 105
34 400V STUD
8A
0491
0495
34p
97p
40430
40669
60p
0490
254403
30p
SCR THYRISTORS
IA 50V TON
14 tom/ ro,,
OARS
7N4401
400V 990p
TRIACS
Amp Volts
;1
4(1(1
130p
5
400 162p
6 500
194p
10 4(10 200p
111 500
27Op
15 400 310p
95p
48p
40p
10p
15p
15p
0481
2000
2513 RAM
DIODES
SIGNAL
0447
50V 75p
100V 78p
MEMORY
2102 RAM
2107 RAM
2112 RAM
PUJT
756077
140p
64
64
64
15 5017
54p
40p
40p
40p
95p
95p
95p
63p
70p
757160
75J
27p
255457
3N141
NOISE
40p
40p
253819
253870
753873
BRIDGE
RECTIFIERS
14
50V 25p
IA 100V 27p
14 400V 31p
14 600V 37p
14 50V 37p
2A 1000 44p
2A 400V 56p
3A 200V 70p
3A 600V 75p
44 100V 75p
75p
MPF1(12
70p
754124
254125
254126
154005
154007
45p
131244
2540573
7N4060
754123
1N4004
FEU
120p
124p
160p
243p
290p
297p
360p
19p
19p
22p
22p
22p
22p
12p
12p
8p
6p
7p
7p
154002
2530551
140p
70p
43p
40361
43p
40594
40595
253904
B0126
80177
154001
(Comp to
251132
20p
251304 45pp
751305
751306
48p
251613
27p
251711
27p
251893
32p
257719
25p
7N2222 25p
252369
15p
252484
32p
757904 A25p
252905 A25p
7W3866
RECTIFIER
80100
31p
256254
40367
4041()
40409
7N29260011p
2N3053 20p
753054
54p
253055
54p
753442 151p
253702
149
2N3703
14p
14p
253704
253705
14p
2N3706
14p
253708
14p
253709
14p
253707
14p
2N3773 27Op
34p
65p
62p
70p
175p
255401
43p
45p
50p
81p
142p
173p
18Op
220p
270p
130p
63p
27p
97p
200p
36p
40p
43p
TECHNOMATIC LTD
54 Sandhurst
London NW9
Road,
- FEBRUARY 1977
'
electronics today
What to look for in the Febuary issue: on sale Jan 7th
DON'T
BE DONE!
you name
system, carpets, money
it, a burglar will steal it. Not only is
the financial risk high, the emotional
disturbance can be tragic. No home
is exempt from petty or even major
theft. We can't promise to turn your
but a strong
home into Fort Knox
castle is a very good English
tradition! Lots of articles have been
but
published with alarm circuits
we will tell you how to work out
and just as
what you need
importantly how to install a system
properly. Also non -electronic securwe will cover this
ity has its role
as well. Remember hundreds of
people every day have it happen to
it can't happen to you
them
or can it?
though
--
SHORT CIRCUITS
BIOFEEDBACK
- FEBRUARY 1977
drill.
57
Ana
CALCULATORS
8.25
-
110
R.
Wells
with the various
parts of
1.80
computer and its
Ward
3.25
1.000 hour course on computer
MICROPROCESSORS
11.75
Altman
D. C.
8.00
McGlynn
HOME
FOR
THE
HOME
UNDERSTANDING SOLID STATE CIRCUITS
2.85
N.
M. Marston
1.90
2.85
previous books
G.
Flynn
4.50
This book contains information about MOS and CMOS from basic
construction to circuit application
Brown)
G. Tobey
Covers the entire field of operational amplifiers
7.30
THE ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MANUAL
A. Douglas
8.O0
A comprehensive guide ro the theory and design of electronic mus,cal
instruments
LATEST EDITIONS
SEMICONDUCTOR DATA
:ELECTRONICS
Crowhurst
application
MICROPROCESSORS
THE
strong emphasis on
techniques.
FOR
author
PROJECTS
R. M. Marston
All the projects have been devised
Gives
PROJECTS
3.10
mechanics.
L.
IC
CONSTRUCTOR
COSMOS DIGITAL
M. Marston
4.00
a
2.85
SCRs and ICs with fun construction
CONSTRUCTOR
R. Sinclair
Describes various circuits encountered today with
fault finding and servicing procedures -
'projects.
4.50
B.
3.35
9.95
MASTER HI-FI INSTALLATION
Gordon J. King
3.00
you
to know about setting
g up your audio system.
Allneed
TV TYPEWRITER COOKBOOK
Don Lancaster
7.00
All the circuitry and explanations for making your own VDU.
Jacobowitz
1.75
maths as applied to
A concise
building.
Texas Instruments
Covers the entire family of
digital systems.
TT L
8.95
2.35
C. Hallmark
Covers just about every conceivable rest or measurement you
ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS
M. A. Colwell
2.35
Comprehensive information on circuit symbols and diagrams.
2.10
will need
McGoldrick
P.
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
M. A. Colweoll
Information
the different types of components and2.35
their
selection.
4.15
Brown
2.20
SSENTIAL FORMULAE
ELECTRICAL AND
FOR
ENGINEERS
N. M. Morris
'Handy reference book. includes
codes and preferred values
ELECTRONIC
1.20
Wels
1.90
Brown
ever tomg
integrated
from
basic
1.85
c
components
tc
circuits.
3.25
J. Streeter
3.25
2.35
al approach.
OF
4.40
IC OP -AMP COOKBOOK
W. Jung
8.75
Cov
Clayton
--- -"
4.90
Ward
E.
M. Noll
5$
6.20
THE OSCILLOSCOPE
G. Zwick
r-_-.-
2.10
2.15
1.65
book
11.85
-_
King
15 00
e__:
2.15
HOW TO OMEN
tine of
le press M are MOM to
alteration without notice. All prices incline pstage. Please pre year Lane
and address clearly -and list each title ail price separately. apes
and
postal orders should be made parable le ETI Beek Service. Bees an sap se
seven days' approval against a (encash remittance. phis pestle -leek Meck
is not held al ETI's London offices and enders sherd he sell le' Ell
BOOK
SERVICE. P.O. 80X 79. MAIDENHEAD. BENKS SL6 2EG.
9.25
2.35
INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS
J. Millman
7.60
Using an IC approach the text leads the reader step by step from
semiconductor physics to devices .models circuits and systems
2.30
TRANSISTOR -CIRCUITS
Gen rally
J. Shields
A practical do-it"yourself book
2.35
DIACs
i-
D'Airo
TTL COOKBOOK
D. Lancaster
6.00
Complete and detailed guide to TTL. how it works how to use it and
practical applications
pin
- FEBRUARY 1977
11
eta microfileHl i
MULTI
PROCESSOR
THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN
microprocessor systems are in using two
or more processors with shared memory.
from
Fairlight
Instruments
Ltd.
...
dual -processor
computer was
originally developed to control an
electronic music synthesiser. But surely
one microprocessor would be enough,
especially when current synthesisers
don't have any sort of digital control?
The
MAPT-s Shared
M,anon Comndfer
The IMSAI multiprocessor system uses a different concept to that of the Qasar system described
in the text, it is a method of interconnecting two or more of the IMSAI 8080 computers so that
they share memory. Not only do you have two processors but you have two of everything else,
plus the extra boards in the centre of the diagram. Each 8080 processor has its own memory,
which may be anything up to 64K minus the amount of shared memory. The Shared Memory
Access Port and Shared Memory Controller boards available can link up to six computers.
- FEBRUARY 1977
-A
ii
MULTIPROCESSOR
that one 6800 even though it
must execute upwards of twice as
many instructions for a given 16-bit
function still produces the 16 -bit result
faster.
One other problem one encounters regularly is a need for 24 -bit
arithmetic., To give the one part in a
million precision needed in these
applications to the 8 -bit processor
this problem is merely a matter of
triple precision arithmetic, but to the
16 -bit processor one would usually be
tempted to go to 32 -bit precision to
avoid programming complication. However this may be very wasteful of
memory space if arrays of 32 -bit data
must be maintained. Once again this
8 -bit processor tends to win against
the current 16 -bit opposition, this
time on two counts: speed for a given
operation and memory efficiency.
One other interesting aspect of the
8 -bit versus 16 -bit debate is the fact
that generally a large part of all information to or from the outside world is
in 8 -bit bytes. Some 16 -bit microprocessors are quite ugly when it comes
to processing bytes and text and unfortunately byte processing constitutes
something like 60% to 80% of the
programme of human engineered interactive systems.
be such
continuous access.
How do you keep the processors from
colliding?
They are never operating at the same
instant, they run out of phase. The
memory is twice as fast as either of
ly takes all the time of that first processor. Then he can use the second
processor to get at the program while
it is running. He can change numbers
and things and see the immediate
effects.
Quite often normal single processor
debugging techniques make it very
difficult to debug programs in which
time critical closed loop control of some
device or peripheral is a feature; in such
programs data is read from the device
processed and new control information
is then output in order to keep the
device under control. Use of program
breakpoints or instruction tracing
results in interference with the integrity
or the control loop and of course under
such circumstances the data gained in
this manner may at best be misleading.
Use of the second processor in such
applications allows inspection and
modification of data without any
interference to the loop integrity and
of course allows far more effective
debugging since loop overload recovery
and other exotic s may be simply tested.
In practice, if you're handling a lot
of peripherals, you use one processor to
deal with the outside world (8 terminals,
a graphics display, disc storage, etc in
the case of the synthesiser),. This is then
the peripheral controller processor. It
queues up work for itself to do and
then does it. The other processor is
free to get on with the business of
crunching numbers and handling its
can
be
run
Interface
Having the second processor means you
can have peripheral interfaces that are a
lot
less
sophisticated.
The lE 180 microprocessor system from Information Electronics is aimed at the data
communications and process control markets. It is based on the Intel 8080 processor but can
incorporate two other processors, one for fast functions like moving memory blocks and one
for doing complex scientific calculations.
The company also uses the multiprocessor concept in a Visual Display Unit, the lE 139.
Two Intel 8080s are used as follows: One microprocessor is dedicated to line handling and
communication, permitting line data rates up to 9600 baud. The second microprocessor controls
the display functions and manipulation of data within the unit. The microprocessors have access
to a common central dual port memory and interprocessor buffer thus making their actions
time -independent. In addition, each microprocessor can address up to 4K of Read Only Memory
for the firmware control program.
FEBRUARY 1977
SINTEL
for MEMORIES
- MPU's
/MEMORY IC's
...
8.05/
CMOS/TTL COUNTERS
082 Complete kit one on small PC8 for two digit CMOS counter with. lach Includes 2
FN0500 or TIL322. 3 CMOS CoI Sockets R's. PCB. Instructions Order as D82 bet 8.60
PCB + layout etc avertable cep Order as 917.950
PCB Set for 6 DIGIT TTL COUNTER with lach All you need are 6
KITS
......:
62.10
TIL371
6 each of
744 /
610.950
as
ACK +
GCK+
66K+
G6BN+
XTK
XTK
45.36
ISPA/100(SC/MP)
18.75
2650
32.25
27.00
33:87
MICROPROCESSOR MANUFACTURERS' DEVELOPMENT KITS
8080A
6800
ISP8K/200E
MSS -80 Kit C
..... ...
Complete kit including case lase mains cable and plug. Order
CD4001
CD4002
CD4006
CD4007
CD4008
CD4009
CD4010
CD4011
CD4012
CD4013
CD4014
CD4015
CD4016
CD4017
CD4018
CD4019
C04020
CD4021
CD4022
C04023
CD4024
CD4025
CD4026
C04027
CD4028
CD4029
CD4030
CD4031
CD4032
1.11
0.64
0.64
0.20
0.19
0.64
1.16
1.16
0.64
1.16
1.16
0.64
1.28
1.16
1.11
0.24
0.89
0.24
1.98
0.64
1.03
1.31
0.64
2.55
1.23
CD4041
CD4042
CD4043
CD4044
C04045
CD4046
CD4047
CD4048
CD4049
CD4050
C04051
CD4052
CD4053
CD4054
CD4055
CD4056
CD4059
C04060
CD4063
CD4066
CD4067
CD4068
CD4069
CD4070
CD4071
0.96
14.40
CD4072
CD4073
CD4075
CD4076
CD4077
CD4078
3.80
2.60
Venom.
....
see
CD4081
C04082
CD4085
CD4086
CD4097
CD4098
CD4099
C04502
C04510
CD451t
C04514
CD4515
CD4516
CD4518
CD4520
CD4527
C04532
C04555
CD4556
MC 14528
MC14553
IM6508
0.24
COMPONENTS
1.61
CLOCK CHIPS
AY51202
2.89
Soldercon Pins are the ideal low cost method of providing sockets for TTL CMOS,
Displays, ICs. Simply cut off the lengths you need, solder into board and snap off the
connecting carrier. A single purchase of Soldercon Pins gives you any socket you may
need, and at low prices. 50p per strip of 100 pins, 1.000 for 4, 3.000 for 10.50.
0.24
0.24
0.60
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.82
0.82
1.78
0.92
2.15
1.20
1.20
4.28
1.26
2.11
1.43
1.57
1.80
3.15
3.60
1.58
1.25
1.43
1.82
1.65
1.04
1.04
1,22
4.68
8.05
AY51224
MK50253
These Jumbo LED displays take no more current than 0.3" types.
All our Common Cathode (C. C.) digit can be used en place of any
other C C display 031704. 01750. MAN3640. etc ) as they are all electrically identical (but may
have different pin-outs). Similarly our Common Anode digits may be used in place of any other C.A.
types (01707. DL747. RS/Dorant 586/699. etc.).
DISPLAYS
751411D
751237J
751238D
751239K
3.77
2.15
3.00
3.58
SOLDERCON
I.C. PINS
100
0.50
1.000
4.00
10 000
34.00
FNOtf00
SUNDRY
CA3130
uA741
FNDS00
TIL321
1.14
0.35
(RCA 8 DILI
78L12WC
0.77
T1L321. TIL322
Manutacrurer
Fairchild
T113222
Texas Instr.
Texas Insti.
XAN862
XAN6S4
Xeittm
Xenon
SLTO1
Furaba
Colour
Red
Red
Red
Green
Green
Green
49791xford
- FEBRUARY
1977
Type
Common Cathode LEO
Common Anode LED
Common Cathode LEO
Common Anode LED
Common Cathode LED
Phosphor Diode
DB00-6
Size
0.5"
0.6"
0.5"
Display PCBs (each fits neatly into Verocae 751410J) SI! are fur multiplexed arrays.
Price
1.03
1.30
1.20
2.45
2A5
5.80
all are
.......
SalsTelO.0865
XAN862, XAN654
GREEN
Pan No
3.50
5.60
VEROCASES
751410J
3.36
SINTEL
....... .. ...
....... ...
"
[2e.80
0.64
0.64
0.64
1.07
1.07
1.07
1.33
1.51
We guarantee that Telephone Orders for goods in Stoc received by 4 5 p m. (Mon. -Fri.) will be despatched the same day. 1st Class Post (Books and Kits
by parcel post). and our Stocking is good. Priests customers should telephone and pay by giving their Access or Barclaycard number, with a minimum
C04089
CD4093
C04094
CD4095
C04096
5.48
1.28
1.26
0.71
4.28
0.24
0.24
0.67
0.24
137.00
93.55
176.65
1.16
1.07
1.61
1.53
1.04
'1.51
...... ........
..
1.95
1.95
VEROCASES. Neat cases with PCB guides, etc., Iront and rear aluminium panels We have
pre -cur
for
perspex
some cases. making them ideal for clocks or instrument. For 751247J PX-11.J-12 (Red) 28p,
PX-0-J.12 (Green) 211p. For 751410) PX-R...1-14 (Red) 30p, PX-G-J-14 (Green) 30p. For 7514113
PX-R.D-14 (Red) 40p. The cases are as used in our ACK 8 GCK.
Oimeosiorts we m mm
75141 0J (205x140040)
3.30
751237J (154x85x40)
[215
7514110 (205,114005)
..
.. E 3.77
75123D (1542085x60)
3.00
33.58
0.17
0.18
0.17
1.35
0.18
....
....
[19.65
'
(no PCB)
Green display
+ %Tx r 000K
MINI OREEN CLOCK. Attractive 4-digit Mantelpiece Click with bright 0 5"
IKit also available less crystal control and bak-up. Order as "GCK
Send for FREE CATALOGUE giving details of our complete range of Clock kits.
LEO displays. Cases and other components.
ATTRACTIVE 8 -DIGIT ALARM CLOCK: Uses Red 0.5" displays. Features bleep alarm.
"Touch swath" snooze control and automatic intensity control Alarm remains fully
operational while clock is on back-up. Complete kit including case less mains cable and plug.
"ACK"
(2 uS)
CD4000
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
IM6100CCDL
These two kits incorporate our Crystal Timebase Kit (XTK). together with components for
betters/ backup. All components, plus a PP3-type battery, fit neatly in the clock cases.
Accurate to within a few seconds a month. If mains power is disconnected (through a power
cut, accidental switching off or moving clock) the clocks will still keep perfect time. While on
1.60
2.19
1.35
3.65
1.09
1.24
3.55
1.23
0.96
..
we cannot answer technical queries or supply data other than from our selection.
C04033
C04034
CD4035
CD4036
C04037
CD4038
CD4039
CD4040
Motorola MC 6800
TMS 5501 for 8080
CMOS
0.76
0.75
17.55
16.45
6094a
T1ME6AEE KIT: prone an extremely
stable output of one pulse every 20msec. Uses. May be
added to all types of digital clocks to improve accuracy, to
within a few seconds a month a If used with battery back-up
also makes clocks power -out or switch -off proof
Replacing
FAST SERVICE
...
...
mini case
5.50
CAR CLOCK
rAUT-CK
Components from
BOOK
SINTEL
ELECTRONICS
it's e
ALL COMPUTING SYSTEMS HAVE pile of paper cards or a continuous tape. generated
17th century
weaving machine via the Hollerith
census sorter. Figure 1 shows the
commonly
used
Hollerith coded
punched card. The holes are punched
out in a code that represents the
alphanumeric symbols shown above
each row. Figure 2 is a section of
punched tape: these are available with
5,6,7 and 8 hole positions across the
tape width. (The smaller hole is for the
timing drive sprocket). Tape readers are
built to read code from a specific width
tape: that is, a 5 -hole tape could not be
used on an 8 -hole system. Tapes and
cards which are to be used extensively
can be made in more durable materials
such
as
oiled paper, Mylar and
aluminium-Mylar.
The holes in cards are produced by
mechanical punches. These comprise a
punching head by which the appropriate
holes are made for each character in
We
to
response
process
part of
as
in
an
automatic
data logger,
a smaller
punch unit is used which incorporates
punch drivers activated by control signals :no keyboard is needed.
Card and tape readers consist of a
transport mechanism that passes the
medium
across
reading
heads.
Recognition of a code represented, fiy
holes is accomplished by mechanical
fingers making direct electrical contact
(in the slower readers) or by solid-state
optical sensing using LED lamps and
photo -diode arrays set to sense the
passage of light through a hole position.
Some method of synchronising the code
position with the data values is essential.
Cards can be punched by an operator
at rates between 250-500 per hour.
They are often checked on a verifier
machine that determines if the card is
punched in the same way as the check
operator keys the code a second time.
They can, by contrast, be machine read
or sorted, at 200-1000 cards per minute
depending upon the complexity of the,
task.
Tape punching is confined to similarly
slow rates of production at the operator
stage of preparation. When the punch is
machine operated, punching rates can
rise to 150 characters per second. The
speed at which punched tapes can be
read varies from very slow, using
typewriter
36
PART
as
AND READERS
G13CDErai1I JLMNOPORSTlM11Y2
111111111
111111111
I.
Munn
nuntlinirnliiiniiriu1nlnininliinriniinrririininiinrpnnnnn
rrt,IfrllttssrrlllllrlllllslsllirsssrlrrIsllllrrlssllrltttstlrrssllllrtstrrssrll
nrrnrinnlrrrrlrrrrSJ,nfvrrpnrnrrlrrssnrlrrunnrrr,rllllnnrrurnll
1
1111
nrrsssls33r3333r3s1,13sn7$117;;sslsrrrssssinssssrl
nrn,rlnrnrrn,rprnnrnrnnlnrnnnlr,rrntir,nnrrnntrnnrnn,n
I
I
I
i
I
ilpnlln
I
Fig
7.
...
..
....
.... ....
.
...
..
...
0000
. .
.
0
...
....
SS
. 0...
...
.
...
.
C
Fig. 2. Section of 8 -hole punched tape. Two rows on the wider side
holes are not used in this data.
- FEBRUARY
1977
with
more
second
or
per
high-performance optical equipment.
A considerable amount of electronic
logic and drive circuitry is needed to
operate a punch unit. Figure 3 is the
block diagram of a reader using brushes
to sense the presence of holes. Input
commands to the punch would emanate
from the control unit of the EDP
system.
MAGNETIC TAPE
INPUT/OUTPUT UNITS
specifically
for computer
operation will be provided with the
interface facility that enables direct
connection to the EDP system. (Normal
plotters require an extensive amount of
extra equipment
to make them
compatible).
Computer controlled plotting of x -y
format has the ability to be scaled on
demand and to generate alpha -numeric
legends on the plot. It is an easy matter
to replicate the plot the programme is
made
required
periodic reports, invoices,
records, data lists, software record. A
crude form of graphical display can also
be produced using the position in a line
as one ordinate and the lines as the
run again.
other.
When
computers
are
used
for Plotters may be of the analogue drive
automatic pagination the printer can be kind (a later part discusses plotters in
detail) but due to the nature of digital
one that produces print-type direct.
processing the result may still have a
quantized appearance if the resolution is
GRAPHIC DISPLAY PLOTTERS
not sufficiently small. Alternatively the
Many
computational tasks ideally axes may be driven with stepping
require a graphical display of output motors
such machines are called
PRINTERS
information, not a long list of numbers. incremental plotters.
Teletype units are able to provide hard Plotters may be of x -y type or y -t type.
Flat-bed style of x -y plotters are
copy printout but due to the slow
The x -y type of plotter is arranged so available -which can handle paper of all
printout resulting from letter by letter that the graph paper is held stationary sizes from a few centimetres square to
operation they are not used as the and the pen is capable of being driven size of a wall. A medium -size computer
main alpha -numeric output of an both vertically (y axis) and horizontally controlled flat-bed plotter is shown in
extensive EDP system. They can print- (x axis).
Fig.6
out at only 10 characters per second
The y -t plotter has a roll of graph
Line drawing rates are limited by
or so.
paper which is driven at a constant (and inherent electro -mechanical response to
The tine printer was evolved to speed usually adjustable- speed; the pen can around 0.4 m/s in small plotters. The
up this form of output. It prints all the be driven in one axis only (y axis). very large machines, when under tight
characters
of
complete
a
line Hence the y -t plotter basically plots a control, are usually capable of around
simultaneously.
lengths
Line
are single variable against time. Plotters 0.1 m/s translation rates when working
typically 132 characters and the faster
Fig.4 Cassette form
models can print lines at rates exceeding
of magnetic tape is
1000 lines per minute. (For which an
finding greater
outlay of 25,000 is required!)
application as a standard
Printing mechanism vary considerably,
EDP and computing
caculator peripheral.
ranging from development of the
fundamental typewriter method, to
e.
Fig.3 Block diagram of early model Data Dynamics low -speed tape
- FEBRUARY 1977
63
ELECTRONICS -it's
easy!
to precisions of 25 pm.
VDU could be used to produce line
Some
plotters
y -t
incorporate drawings designers sought ways to
bi-directional drive for the t axis (the 'draw' on the screen. The result was the
paper drive) enabling very long lengths 'light -pen'. The operator holds a special
of paper to be driven back and forth stylus on the screen of the CRT. Closed
along the roll in order to produce an x -y loop controls cause the spot to lock
form of plot from a y -t format machine. onto movements of the stylus. If the
trace path is to be retained, the x, y and
intensity coordinates values are fed into
GRAPHIC DISPLAY
VISUAL MONITORS the digital memory. Once a line is drawn
it can be retained and regenerated in
Many applications require rapid call-up
this way. Other operations enable the
of data that is presented in a way that
operator tc automatically erase sections
can be easily read by the operator. It
line, straighten lines and smooth
of
may be quite unimportant to receive it
curves by computer processing. The
as hardcopy. The cathode ray tube
complete
drawing can then
be
(television) type of display was an
obvious choice. Such displays are permanently recorded as hard copy on a
known as visual display units, VDU for plotter or as a data set. Interactive
methods have saved an enormous
short.
Originally, visual display units were amount of time in tasks such as, deciding
very limited because of the need for a the extremes of a motor -car wheel
during
the
many
considerable amount of storage with movement
which to generate written and graphical combinations of springing and steering
INSTRUMENTATION INTERFACES
the digital computer has to
manipulate measurement and control
data from analogue processes, the
system must be provided with the
appropriate A to D and D to A converters, and the multiplexing arrangement
which forms the data logger.
When
COMPUTER
', ' e
LIVE
RADAR
,O
ISPLAY
TCU
-ADAR
TCU
NO,
e'
O. 3
DISPLAY
"PILOTS"
MMUNICATION
DISPLAY
NO.4VIDEOSPLAY
ITCU
.lr
NO.
DISPLAY
NO.
e
e
e
4 STUDENTS
INSTRUCTOR'S POSITION
- FEBRUARY 1977
toward this aim with research into spoken word and written word recognition.
Neural research into brain waves may
one day be coupled with electronic hard
ware to provide direct thought links.
Work at Warwick University has resulted in computer - controlled production
of braille maps for the blind. Automatic
mapping and language translation are
other areas where positive progress is
being made into very complex human
communication processes.
STORAGE
inside a CPU and external to it will be
found a memory of some kind. This is
used to store the vast quantities of
coded data needed to perform the
various tasks.
CPU
the
is
Memory
within
characterised by the need for high speed
access to any data bit needed. The
requirement on capacity is less stringent.
Memory external to the CPU will, by
the necessity of machine organisation,
be a little slower to access but it will
usually need much greater storage
capacity.
Fig.8 . Interactive
graphic units often now
incorporate their own
processing and memory
to form an off-line
self-contained unit
4051 Tektronix BASIC
graphic computing
system.
MISCELLANEOUS PERIPHERALS
New methods for communicating with
the power of an EDP system continue
to be devised in an endeavour to overcome the interface difficulty humans
have with electronic machines. We are
still a long way from the stage where we
need only casually to talk to the machine. Steps are, however, in progress
CPU MEMORY
- storage is needed in the CPU to
hold important programme instructions
and to act as a temporary home for data
generated in the course of a manipulation.
There are many options open to the
designer but the storage method that
has emerged as the optimum for CPU
storage is magnetic core storage
known simply as the core store. (This
situation will, however, soon change,
the preference going to solid-state
methods). Magnetic core storage makes
use of the fact that magnetically hard
materials, such as ferrite, will swing
remanent magnetism polarity from one
state to the other with the passage of a
quite widely toleranced current through
a wire passed through the core
see
Fig.10a To make a practical core store
it is necessary that any chosen core can
be switched on demand. If a second
wire is passed through the loop this can
be used to prevent or enhance the
magnetic switching action by the
passage of the current.
A core store comprises a plane of
ferrites arranged in a grid as shown in
Fig. 10h
Two half -current units
appearing in the same direction in a core
will switch that core but no other. Thus
two lines will select a unique core in the
plane as the place to store or readout
Core
one
is
- FEBRUARY 1977
bit,
ELECTRONICS
WRITE (OR REACH
WIRE CARRYING
CURRENT PULSE
it's easy!
SELECTED
CORE
SWITCHES
FOR
IN PHASE
CURRENTS
x UMT
CURRENT
FERRITE LOOP
MAGNETIC CORE
la)
lb)
x UMT
CURRENT
Fig,10,
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
it
SOLID-STATE
Although core storage still forms part of
many computer installations the current
trend is clearly toward the use of a solid
state circuitry which stores bits in register style flip-flop systems. Read only
memories (ROM), content addressable
memories (CAM), random access memories (RAM), and Programmable ROM
memories (CAM), random access memories (RAM), and Programmable ROM
H-
GO-IN
I OF 32
32.22
DECODER
FO
MEMORY MATRIX
BINARY
SELECT
Oo-IE
DELAY LINES
Another reasonably fast storage system
makes use of the delay -line concept. It
is the property of materials, such as
mercury, to pass only waves of acoustic
energy at a given rate of propagation.
Early computers used mercury delay
lines in which the acoustic equivalent of
a binary word was sent down a tube of
mercury to emerge at a later time at the
other end. Whilst in transit the word
was in storage. The method (if used at
all in a computer today) would now be
implemented using solid wires or clock- on registers. It has the severe shortcomings of low storage capacity.
ed
66
CO
BO
AO
MEMORY {GAD
ENABLE
40
OF
DECODER
10
OF!
DECODER
10
DECODER
DECODER
1171
IIAI
INTERNAL
III
1111
SCHEMA TIC
OUTPUTS
V"
16
GB
/6
GA
Y8
MEMORY
ENABLE
Y
(9
12
.--,--J
of National Semiconductor
Y1
Y11
14
ou-TDT
DUAL IN LINE
CONNECTIONS
112
1Irxl
12
1.
JR
IBlD
B
DND.
FEBRUARY 1977
aH
good
components
suppliers
BLOB BOARDS
Circuit diagram to circuit board in minutes. Layout circuit plan on .1" graph paper.
Select Blob Board, lay components out with leads on copper strip. Blob of solder onto
lead and your circuit is complete. Blob Boards normally half price of competitive boards.
Roller tinned to solder components directly. No drilling or mounting. Modifications in
seconds. Blob Board is re -usable.
Blob Boards are circuit boards designed exclusively for the home constructor and prototype engineer and are normally half the price of competitive boards. Blob Boards are
roller tinned for ease of soldering, most require no cutting or breaking of contact rails.
HALF PRICE AND RE -USABLE. That is NEW!
Blob Board .1" or .15"
All approx. inch sizes
ZB1V 2.5 x 5
ZB2V, 2.5 x 3.75
ZB3V 3.75 x 5
ZB4V 10 x 6
Discrete Blob Board
ZB5D 3.6 x 2.4
ZB6D 2.4. x 7.3
Z87D4.9x7.3
ZB8D 9 x 7.5
off
0.30
0.23
0.46
1.51
1
off
0.20
0.42
0.69
1.62
off
0.75
0.57
1.14
3.78
3
off
0.51
1.05
1.75
4.05
ZB11C 4.5. x 3
ZB21C 4.8. x 3.2
ZB41C 4.75 x 7.5
ZB81C 9.5 x 7.5
0.36
0.40
0.85
1.70
off
0.90
0.96
2.13
4.26
S-DeC
T-DeC
DRILL-SAW
GRIND -BURR
BRUSH POLISH
built drill for the home constructor.
Works better than most bigger drills and can be used for fine detailed
work. Drills through any circuit board, need to break copper strip
simply grind it Off.
1.50.
2.00.
2.00.
1.50.
or
Ltd.
1
AA.
o`'
'
0a0o'L
erp0.
aca
4,e
a
>,4x
oa e +'
,y1
aaee'Yc
0 ,.00
4
,N0o,ce
ca
ye
POT LUCK
PB Electronics Scotland
off
o..
o1.
/a
'
Greenbank
'
JC12 AMPLIFIER
6W IC audio amp
with free data and
printed circuit
1225'
/s/
ti
RADIO MODELS
50m4 with press -stud battery connectors 9V 3 45 6V
'3 45. 9V+9V f45. 6V+ 6V +5.45. 41/2V+41/2V
5.45
CASSETTE MAINS UNITS
3 -WAY
MODELS'
50mA 3 95
6V+6V2. 80 9V+9V2 BO
l OOmA cassette type 71/2V with 5 pin din plug t'2 10.
Transistor stabilized 8 -way type for low hum.
3,41/2/6,71/2/9/12715/18V 100 mA 3 50.
1
13 -way
duty
types
8'/2/11/13/14/17/21/25/28/34/42V.
model 4 95
7400.1
74C08
74C14
14C20
74C30
74037
24048
74C73
74074
74076
/4Ca3
6/77
4002
4r)06
1.31
4027
4078
1073
4030
41707
0.20
41131
4)108
30071
1.07
4032
0.60
0.60
0.20
02-0
0.60
1.12
1.12
0.60
4033
1.12
1.12
0.60
4041
1047
1343
1u0l
4010
47)1
4012
4013
4011
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4070
4022
3073
4071
4025
4076
6-0-6V 100mA
11
4037
4038
401:19
1040
4045
1046
4047
0.87
0.20
1.92
4048
ICcarrierswithsockets
16 dil 2. 05 10T05 1 95
12
12
l',
68
Et
0.57
t507 0.60
3508 3.08
14522
14526
14577
14528
14579
14530
,4531
14532
14634
14536
45013
514 3.47
14515 347
14516 1.51
517 4.02
1.39
7.35
2.67
1.74
0.88
2.08
1.18
1.16
4.13
1.22
2.03
1.76
2.16
2.16
2.26
0.66
6.18
1.1450 2.67
14451 2.67
1.1900 6.51
115:3713.17
74535 1.24
141,4
1.62
11543 1.82
14549 4.10
1456710.50
14553 4.66
14554 1.87
14555 1.01
14500 1.01
14557 4.65
14558 1.25
14558 4.10
14560 2.17
1.39
2.77
2.15
2.15
1.76
1.22
1.72
0.95
1.74
1.39
8,15
4.00
'1 5
1.54
7'
58p
1.98
2.65
5"
I
5'
4.30
speakers!
Baker Group 25. 3 8 or 15 ohm
Baker Group 35. 3. 8 or 15 ohm
Baker Deluxe. 8 or 15 ohm
Baker Major. 3 8 or 15 ohm
Baker Regent. 8 or 15 ohm
Baker Superb. 8 or 15 ohm
Celest,on MR 1000 horn, 8 or 15 ohm....
Coles 400 1 G super tweeter..
Coles 400 1 K super tweeter.
EMI 14" x 9" bass 14A/ 700 8 ohm
EMI 8 X 5 10 watt d/c. roll/s 8ohm
Flac 59RM 109 15 ohm, 59RM114 8 ohm
Elac 61/2" d/c roll/s 8 ohm
9.00
10.25
13.38
10.69
9.00
16.31
13.50
5.90
5.90
11.92
3.75
3.38
3.95
3.95
5.50
16.75
19.95
21.75
33.95
42.95
54.95
75.95
8.96
6.50
Pop 60 watt.
5"
E6145
16.50
18.75
17.75
14.95
8.50
22.00
10.60
10.95
5.75
10.75
7.95
9.25
17.95
2.50
6.95
4.95
13.28
51.95
15.75
21.95
26.75
38.50
51.00
46.00
39.50
53.00
13.95
20.75
25.95
29.50
7.95
21.50
47.50
59.40
13.50
9.28
15.38
78.00
86.00
99.95
Kef Ti 5
Kef 13110
Kef 8200.
Kef 8139
Kef DN8
Kef DN 2
Kef 0813
Baker Major Module each
1
Prices correct at
3v
, Inp1
13,34,123n
u,
28p
3/12/76
M15p
/ 9"
1.28
iermr,al!nn,
50p
`i',z'
81
11582 1.64
14583 0.84
14584 0.71
14.385 1.10
?, , 7'>
5.
50P
7..
0.70
for
,'
14/3131
14562 5.59
14566 1.67
111368 3.15
14569 3.72
14577 0.27
14580 8.35
'VEROBOARD'
0 1" P,.rh W
,x,p pe. strip.
2', x t" ekof 5
61P
x
'
42p
Choosing
1.50/500
2.44
74p
1.00
DIP lt,eadhnarni
FREE
Speaker'
CLOCK CHIPS
Ay517244
3,50
5.50
OP -AMPS
CA 31130 4('013 M05.
CA "3130 181 MOS'
1.00
95p
M8/5)/
+.41
NI-
Il 'tira
2" ils'
,rrli
0971 b)
MHz
Cos
Prompt despatch
Carriage Speakers up to '1'2" 1303 12".-1 15"
75
18" 2.50 Kits 1 each () 2 per pair) Tweeters and
Crossovers 33p each
MHz
794304
3.75.
rin,wheri.
Cdr.,
.i,l,i",11
247
talenhone
desalrh
WILMSLOW AUDIO
Dept. ETI
Free nn
ere
v50a
,x,
r2/n
'77g,)
Al
100
kHz
2769
MO,
CATALOGUE.
im+ CWT)
I16 25/
15p
15p
37 768
MH7
45p
555
POIV,
QUARTZ CRYSTALS
25p
TIMER IC
iE,ru
1.1520
14521
350', 4.38
SWANLEY ELECTRONICS
0.65
0.24
4.98
7.93
1444011.58
14519 0.57
0.75
45113
0.80
2.21
40181 4.30
40102 1.73
40194 2.26
40257 2.26
1.71
14415
14419
14422
14435
9.54
1441217.07
litt
4076
4077
4078
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
4073
4075
14.111
4510 1.51
1.74
451) 1.03
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.65
4(772
0.24
0.80
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
40101
40102
-10103
40104
40107
301D3
40109
0.24
0.24
4071
0.24
1450 Series
-- -
4069
4070
1.04
1.17
14410 5.70
J'.rlr 0.20
4'.(i; 1.38
20 30-0-30V 1A 4 10
S-DeC 2 24 T-DeC t 4 05
u-DeCA 4 45 u-DeCB 7 85
4068
0.93
1.12
1.04
1.56
1.48
1.01
1.1175
1.1194
/409258.28
7409268.28
/409278.28
7409288.28
80C95 0.72
2(1097 0.72
88C29 4.13
680301 4.13
74C9107.18
7409141.51
74(39182.89
4(193
4067 10.10
4063
1.22
4066 0.69
4067
4.13
1.19
4049
4060
14161
15-0-15V
74(9082.63
71C9091.74
4121
4082
4085
4086
4089
25.60
4061
0.93
.1044
141130
MAINS TRANSFORMERS
3.09
1.06
1.20
3.09
40,16
1.12
1.07
0.20
4057
1.04
1.04
1053
1.04
4054
1.29
4065
1.46
4056
1.46
4057 29.81
4059
6.20
4060
1.24
4052
1.55
2.11
1.31
4035
124
.1021
0.60
1.00
1.27
0-60
2.46
1.19
-1034
Amp
/ 9V DC
7409070.72
4000 Series
0.20
0.20
0.20
4/881
4Y2/6/7/
153
16 pin
14
Amp 6.50.
Heavy
.7
E1.80
1.50
1.50
102k for
74047
14010
',' .,n 6y .1
03332 ..na ge
8.75
FERRANTI ZN414
i,i
DIL SOCKETS
7000
74C00
74002
1),Jt
- money hark
60p
4.00
100(3
sit
1.80
0583
2 n
t,, -v
70p
70p
100
JC40 AMPLIFIER
with
Clava
1333113a/33e
SOLDERCON PINS
71/2V
0't
728E
DL
SINCLAIR IC20
IC
THE firm
2.25.
Wilmslow
Audio
1hrw.i,
051845 3391
- FEBRUARY 1977
EIECTROAICS
TOMORROW
doh Miller Kirkpatrick
by
TONING UP
This can be a tone decoder set at
approximately the master oscillator
frequency or a multiple of it (say
4800Hz) and phase locked by a
derivation of the incoming tone. An
alternative with a fast MPU is to
serially read the 2400 or 1200Hz
directly into the MPU and to cycle
round a sampling loop during each
input phase change. The number of
times through the loop is counted
and an average worked out for a
2400Hz phase change. This average can then be compared to each
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
TEXT ON TELLIES
Teletext uses a bit rate of 6MHz
to transmit a 40 character data line
during each of its two television
lines. The data is encoded as Non
Return to Zero (NRZ), which means
that the data is transmitted as true
high or aow levels. This is decoded
by generating a clock from a set of
101010 transitions, and relying on
a reverberating oscillator which is
'kicked' into oscillation by the
incoming data pulses.
This works until the oscillator
dies away or gets out of phase
because of lack of transitions if a
long string of ' 's or '0's is
transmitted (as few as 10 bits
without change can cause trouble).
1
Return to Zero
- Non
- Return to Zero
c -
Bi -Phase
Return to Bias
- Clock &
Data
Fig
Six possible data
transmission techniques
1
FEBRUARY 1977
69
rElECTROMCI
TOMORROW
b deb Milllr-Nirkpatriell
these are reversed for the NRZSpace system. Again this system
can quickly end up with errors if bit
changes are not frequent enough.
HALF A CLOCK
Using a bit transmission time of
half of the clock period means that
each clock period will contain a
signal transition. This is shown most
easily by the RZ system where the
first half of each clock period is
sampled for the data and the second
part of the clock is always logical
'0'. This system will only give errors
if a string of '0's is transmitted.
With the Bi -Phase systems the
change in phase is used as the clock
generator and as the data identifier,
HIGH to LOW level change
a
identifies a bit ' and a low to high
as a bit '0'. The clock period must
be set or calculated by examining a
's as with CUTS and
string of
extracting a clock period, one
transition change per clock period
indicates a change in bit data but
two transitions indicate no change.
1
'
POSSIBILITIES
Having considered all of the
above possibilities we are left with
the problems that could be caused
by spikes causing spurious data
transitions at the transmitter, at the
70
during
SLOW SCAMPERING
As SC/MP is one of the slower
MPUs any system used by SC/MP
could be easily used by a faster
systems.
MPU.
20 instructions
input data cycle.
Without trying it would guess that
20 instructions is about the minimum required to sample several
times and calculate an average
clock period. Without stop and start
bits a 2500Hz bit rate ends up as
about 300 bytes per second data
transfer rate, ie about 10 times
perform
about
between each
an
inter -record
gap,
if
CUTS IN STANDARDS
American amateurs (mainly with
8080 systems it seems) have
evolved CUTS as a standard interchange system. In this country
there is no standard because of the.
relatively small number of amateur
users, the British Amateur Computer Club have about 500 members
of which about 50 have MPU
systems and about 20 have large
mainframe systems. With the
advent of non -TTY MPU systems
(such as ETI's SYSTEM 68 and
Bywood's SCRUMPI) the low cost
MPU is now a feasible proposition
for more people with the result that
program and data interchange is
going to happen more often.
Now is the time that a UK
standard for amateur data interchange has to be set up and that
standard must take all of the points
in this article and others into
consideration. To my knowledge the
BACC is the only body in existence
in the UK attempting to unite
amateur computer and MPU users
but they have no definite views on
the use of CUTS or any other
recording system nor any views on
block sizes, etc. If you have any
ideas or opinions on these subjects
or if you know of any other user
groups why not contact us at ETI or
write to the BACC.
Membership of the BACC costs
1 per April to April year, you get a
good newsletter as well as organised talks and visits, a worthwhile
investment as an addition to any
MPU system. For further details
send a SAE to Mike Lord, 7
Dordells, Basildon, Essex.
- FEBRUARY 1977
ROTEX
Emmen Holland
R X-6
X-6
2 METER RECEIVER
144-146 Mc/s
Order no. 02.003
With VFO tuning, so that you can listen to all 2 meter
transmissions.
0,8 uV
Sensitivity
:
15 kHz
Bandwidth
Built-in S meter and loudspeaker
Power Supply : 12 V
Dimensions
:
22 x 21 x 6,5 cm
I.F.
10.7 Mc/s and 465 kc/s
144-146 Mc/s
51.08
RMZ-8
42.51
FREQUENCY
COUNTERS RFC -30
RMZ-7
been used.
This real quality with 12 months guaranty at the best price
possible. A special designed cabinet which can stand upright and with a very handy solution to get rid of the
cable when not in use.
STEREO MIXERS
85.36
METALDETECTOR
RMZ-7
Order no. 25.057
A simple, reliable water proof, shock
proof, well balanced and very light
weight treasure finder. Operating according to BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillation) system. With tone signal, built-in
loudspeaker and connection for an earphone, which is supplied. Operates on a
simple 9 Volt battery.
RMZ-8
sensitive
as
signal
signal indication.
111.07
This type of mixer is at 2 channels, namely
channel
and 2, supplied with .a compensating-amplifier for MD (Magneto Dynamic)
pick-up elements. The third input is suitable
for connection of a dynamic or capacitor
(electret) microphone. The fourth input is
suitable for a tuner, tapepart or crystal p.u.
1
Terms of Business
Prices are excl. VAT. C.W.O.
Post and packing, add 4.00 per
order. Any difference will be
credited or charged. Prices are
subject to alteration without
notice.
All these articles are available
at time of going to press. Send
your cheque or money order to
ROTEX
P.O. Box 260, Emmen, Holland
Telef. 0031-5910-16810
Telex 53910
1,7 kg
with
an
- FEBRUARY 1977
MP -2001 MD
6Z19
jv4P-2002 MD
9339
71
TRANS DUCERS
IN
TRANSDUCERS IN
AND CONTRO
w MIM H WiNYM
r,ti, .w4 M mot.... P.C..
MEASUREMENT
AND CONTROL
This book is rather an unusual reprint from the pages of
ETI. The series appeared a couple of years ago in the
magazine, and was so highly thought of by the
University of New England that they have re -published
the series splendidly for use as a standard textbook.
Written by Peter Sydenham, M.E., Ph.D.,
M.lnst.M.C.,
book.
PHILIPS
PHILIPS
4111111
PHILIPSc:1$
TV S
TUNER
uNNL?
HI-FI
Now-read
At last you can enjoy the benefit of high quality TV sound. This unit
offers a high fidelity alternative to the audio stage of a TV set and is
completely independent. The 4 -channel push-button Varicap tuner
picks up a UHF signal direct from the aerial, the output being
suitable for feeding through most hi-fi systems.
SPEC: INPUT: 1011V Typ. for 26dB quieting OUTPUT: 100mV.
Frequency meter.
36.95+H VAT (Order code 991-9281
-Mrsr.
aeMe .crama
oradr+
Subject to availability
orders-add 15% for P+P. All items offered for sale subject
to the Terms of Business set out in Doram Edition 3 catalogue,
price 60p. The Doram Kit brochure is also available, price 25p,
Combined price only 70p which also entitles you to 2 x 25p.
vouchers, each one usable on any order placed to the value of
5.00 or more (ex. VAT/.
O'seas
SEND
TODAY! I
72
- FEBRUARY 1977
teh-tips
:20
+18V,
10O
25V
27k
120
254
16V
amplifier
104
16V
+U
BC173
47
3V
0V
Q
ABC
D
LEFT INPUTS
C11
OV
14
16
12
SINGLE POINT
SELECTOR
SW1
13
CLOCK
''h
+Ve
4013
IC1a
}--
4016
LEFT
0
10
11
STEREO
INPUT
IC1b
12
11
CLOCK
IC1c
&1013
4016
IC1d
3
13
11
RIGHT
10
4012
41 6I 12I
R
binary counter.
IC2 is a quad AND gate. This is,
used to decode the four states of the
counter. The outputs are used to
control the quad switches at IC3 and
IC4 (4016AE).
GHT INPUTS
BCDD
WINDICATOR
With two TTL ICs and a handful of
other components, .a circuit can be
constructed that will indicate which of
four buttons was pressed first, as well
as lock out all other entries. It is thus
suitable for quizzes, games of Snap
and the like. The appearance of a logic
0 at one of the Q outputs, lights the
appropriate LED and locks out other
entries by taking the clock input low.
The TTL outputs are capable of sinking 10 TTL loads or 16mA. Running
the LEDs at 5mA leaves adequate
margin to sink the 1 load of the 7420
n
n
o
N/0
PUSH
BUTTONS
N/o
RESET
PUSHBUTTON
gate.
FEBRUARY 1977
MPU BITS
92.50
operation
..:.
'HARDWARE
-5,
-12v,
Power Supply: P197 gives 5v at 2A,
suitable for many MPU systems, P197 Kit 15.50
Keyboard Kit: 55 keys, upper/lower case options, KDP
42.00
5 Kit
Printer: 40 column dot matrix printer with interface
225.00
for parallel ASCII -input. PR -40 kit
Floppy: SA800 or SA801 floppy disk drive, disks and
625.00
interface, built, not kit
Minifloppy: SA400 mini disk drive, disks
495.00
and interface, delivery end of year
BOOKS, DATA
SCRUMPI
75p*
SCRUMPI Data
SC/MP Technical Description
SC/MP Programmers Guide
1.95"'
6.30
75p..
75p`
F8 Data (Xerox)
CONSULTANCY
be pleased to quote fr
6f/:'
Kit-Diam. 6"
Rotating Dial
Wrought -Iron Kit-Diam. 51/2"
Wooden Wheel Kit-Diam. 6/2"
Knight Clock
Oak
Kit-Diam.
71/2"
KIT
BUILT
23.95
19.95
46.35
31.50
39.50
89.50
36.50
32.50
69.50
45.25
62.45
125.00
illustrated)
15p stamps.
Completed clocks can be seen at our offices.
For coloured Brochure please send
hardware/
Bywood would
software solutions to your design problems.
BYWOOD
BYWOOD ELECTRONICS
68 Ehberns Pi,ua
Hemel Hempsteaa
Herts HP3 9QRC
Tel 0442 62757
PRICE INCREASES!!
MM5311
MM5312
MM5313
MM5314
MM531
5.69
5.69
4.88
5.69
4.88
5.69
10.17
3.36
8.14
+ BCD
seg + BCD. 4 digit only
seg + BCD
7 seg
7
7
segment
seg + BCD with reset
Non-mpx alarm clock
7 seg + BCD (external digit
Alarm clock 50Hz
Car clock, crystal controlled,
Car clock, crystal controlled,
Car clock, crystal controlled.
7
5 7
MM5316
MM5318
MM5371
MM5377
MM5378
MM5379
MOSTEK
MK50250
MK50253
MK50204
MK50395
MK50396
MK50397
select)
7.21
LCD
LED
Gas discharge
6.73
6.73
5.60
5.60
11.19
14.50
14.50
14.50
Stopwatch/Calculator
UP/DOWN Counter -6 Decade
UP/DOWN Counter-HHMMSS
UP/DOWN Counter-MMSS.99
CALTEX
9.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
'
4.76
5.25
MHI-5309
MHI-531
MHI-5314
MHI-5318
MHI-5378
MHI-50250
MHI-50253
MHI-50204
MHI-50395
74
735
735
6.60
7.35
15.10
8.35
8.35
14.00
19.50
MHI-50396
MHI-50397
MHI-7001
DISPLAYS
1-9
NATIONAL
MM5309 7 seg + BCD with reset
1-9
LITRONIX
1.48
3.75
2.45
CLOCK MODULES
MA1002F (12 hr) or MA1002H (24
hr) with Alarm and Cok/Rad features
7.95
Module only
0.90
MXT101 Transformer
f3.00
Vero Case
11.75
13.00
1.50
DL747E, 750E
2.95+25p P&P'
6.60'
9.50
8.50
1200'
MHI-727/6 0 5"
MHI-747!4 0 6"
MHI-747/6 0 6"
9.80'
14.70
PAYMENT TERMS
Cash with order, Access, Barclaycard (simply quote your number and sign).
Credit facilities to accredited account holders. Pro -forma invoices can be issued.
Please send 20p for post and packing.
19.50
1
9. 50
13.00
0.60
060
0.30
13Y WOOD
- FEBRUARY 1977
tchtps
IC4b
tsk
Qs
6
8
IC4c
1-----i
010
4
6
lC3b
9
11
IC4d
13
07
15k
REPEATED
THREE
TIMES
12
c1
IC2a
12
"
9
8
IC3c
IC2b
10
NOTE
11
11
13
SEQUENCE ROWS
EIR
15k
ICSc
01
02
03
04 (ROW
08
07
Q6
05
1)
(ROW 2)
104
10
IC3d
IC2 IS 7473
IC4 AND IC5 ARE 7402
1c513
P
15k
12
IC1dIS
+54V
12
330R
Q3
6
8
-i-
0---
8
OV
15k
'LEFT'
[-.OFF-VIGHT'
1N4001
SW1
111111
6V BATTERY
especially at night.
The circuit shown is a four stage
ring counter which sequentially drives
four yellow lamps giving an impression
of movement i.e. towards the left or
right. Lamp sequencing rate can be altered by changing Cl and C2. (50uF
NOVEL INDICATORS
Since a bicycle has no effective width,
normal indicator lamps placed on each
side do not give a clear indication of
direction when seen from a distance,
+6-35V
Y7
R4, 39k
C5
SW1a
470n
39k
Cl
C2
100n
100n
II
11
1.
c6
T T 680n
SW2
ICI
447
+i_-0
SW1b
C7
l0
R11
2k2
R6
68k
fR2
R7
R8
R9
39k
22k
2k2
R10
1k
C3
39k
T47
SW1
1
2
3
silicon.
R3
68k
R1
-3dB
25Hz
40Hz
80Hz
FLAT
FEBRUARY 1977
SW2
1
2
3
+3dB
+3db point
Flat
150Hz
100Hz
7b
15-240 Watts !
HY5
The HY5 is a mono hybrid amplifier ideally suited for all applications. All common input functions
(reag Cartridge, tuner, etc.) are catered for internally, the desired function is achieved either by a
multi -way switch or direct connection to the appropriate pins. The internal volurfte and tone circuits
merely require connecting to external potentiometers (not included). The HY5 is compatible with all
I.L.P. power amplifiers and power supplies. To ease construction and mounting a P.C. connector is
supplied with each pre -amplifier.
FEATURES: Complete pro -amplifier in single pack -- Multi -function equalization -- Low noise -- Low
Preamplifier
APPLICATIONS: Hi-Fi '=- Mixers -- Disco -- Guitar and Organ -- Public address.
SPECIFICATIONS:
INPUTS Magnetic Pick-up3mV Ceramic Pick-up 30mV; Tuner 100mV; Microphone
10ImV:
HY30
15 Watts into
80
The HY30 is an exciting New kit from I.L.P., it features a virtually indestructible I.C. with short circuit
and thermal protection. The kit consists of LC., heatsink, P.C. board, 4 resistors, 6 capacitors.
mounting kit, together with easy to follow construction and operating instructions. This amplifier is
ideally suited to the beginner in audio who wishes to use the most up-to-date technology available.
Short, Open and Thermal Protection
Easy to Build.
FEATURES: Complete kit
Low Distortion
APPLICATIONS: Updating audio equipment -- Guitar practice amplifier -- Test amplifier -- Audio
oscillator.
SPECIFICATIONS:
HY50
25 Watts into 8Q
The HY50 leads I.L.P_'s total integration approach to power amplifier design. The amplifier features an
integral heatsink together with the simplicity of no external components During the past three years
the amplifier has been refined td the extent that it must be one of the most reliable and robust High
Fidelity modules in the World.
APPLICATIONS: Medium Power Hi-Fi systems -- Low power disco -- Guitar amplifier.
SPECIFICATIONS: INPUT SENSITIVITY 500mV.
OUTPUT POWER 25W RMS in 80 LOAD IMPEDANCE 4-160. DISTORTION 0-04% at 25W
1
at
kHz.
HY120
60 Watts into 8Q
The HY120 is the baby of LL_P.'s new high power range. designed to meet the most exacting
requirements including load line and thermal protection, this amplifier sets a new standard in modular
design.
FEATURES: Very low distortion -- Integral Heatsink--- Load line protection -- Thermal protection -Five connections -- No external components.
APPLICATIONS: Hi-Fi -- High quality disco -- Public address -- Monitor amplifier -- Guitar and
organ
SPECIFICATIONS:
INPUT SENSITIVITY 500mV
OUTPUT POWER 60W RMS into 80. LOAD IMPEDANCE 4-160. DISTORTION 0.04% at 60W at
kHz
SIGNAL/NOISE RATIO 90dB. FREQUENCY RESPONSE 10Hz-45kHz -- 3 dB. SUPPLY VOLTAGE =
1
35V
114x50x85mm.
Price 14.40 + 1.16 VAT P&P free.
SIZE-
HY200
120 Watts into
80
The HY200. now Improved to give an output of 120 Watts, has been designed to stand the most
rugged conditions, such as disco'or group while still retaining true Hi-Fi performance.
FEATURES: Thermal shutdown -- Very low distortion -- Load'line protection -- Integral Heatsink
No external components.
Disco
Monitor -- Power Slave -- Industrial -- Public address.
APPLICATIONS: Hi-Fi
SPECIFICATIONS:
at
100W at
kHz.
HY400
240 Watts into
40
I. L.P.'s "Big Daddy"" of the range producing 240W into 401. It has been designed for
high power disco or public address applications If the amplifier is to be used at continuous high power
levels a cooling fan is recommended. The amplifier includes all the qualities of the rest of the family to
lead the market as a true high power hi -fidelity power module.
FEATURES: Thermal shutdown -- Very low distormion -- Load line prOtection -- No external
components.
APPLICATIONS: Public address Disco -- Power slave -- Industrial..
The JY400 is
SPECIFICATIONS:
OUTPUT POWER 240W RMS into 40. LOAD IMPEDANCE 4-160 DISTORTION 0.1'1: at 240W a:
1
kHz.
SIGNAL/ NOISE RATIO 94d6. FREQUENCY RESPONSE 10Hz-45kHz -- 3dB. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
45V.
100
85mm
POWER
SUPPLIES
irr.
Nackington, Canterbury
Kent CT4 7AD
Tel (0227) 63218
76
Please Supply
Total Purchase Price
Enclose Cheque
Postal Orders
Money Orderer
Please debit my Access account
Barclaycard account D
Account number
Name & Address
Signature
I
tech-tips
V+ (10-30V)
I
Fig.
const
V+ (10-30V)
Iconst
Q2
4x
Q1
1N914
-12V
IGNITION SWITCH
100
OV
H.T. COIL
Fig. 2
drift
POINTS
l0
+ 1400V
DISTRIBUTOR
CAM
AUTOMOBILE IMMOBILIZATION
In order to discourage theft of an
automobile, many people incorporate
a 'secret' switch to break the ignition
circuit (usually in series with the key
switch). This system is very easily bypassed using 'jumper' leads.
HiFi Systems
that GRO W
with you
At last someone has come up with a flexible approach to quality
hi-fi that doesn't become obsolete as you become more
discerning.
Take an initial standard 20W r.m.s. + 20W r.m.s. stereo and
with simple modifications this can be expanded to give a
powerful 40W + 40W stereo systern-together with additional
multi frequency rumble, hiss and stereo image width controls.
Ideal for use with record player, tape, microphone, tuner inputs etc.
components required other than potentiometers for bass, treble,
balance, volume controls and input selector switch.
* The CP-P1 is internally protected against accidental reverse power connection.
PRICE
13.30
Specification
Input
Magnetic
Tuner
Tape
Auxiliary
60dB-70dB
PRICE
Power output:
40W r.m.s. into 82, 1 channel; or
30W r.m.s. into 152, 1 channel; or
20W r.m.s. + 20W r.m.s. into 42, 2
channel; or
15W r.m.s. + 15W r.m.s. into 82, 2
channel.
Input sensitivity: 1V r.m.s.; Frequency
response: 20Hz-20kHz, at -3dB; Distortion: 0.04% at 15W; Supply Voltage:
18V nominal; Size: 5.1 x 4 x 1.25in.
(130 x 102 x 32mm).
13.43
07
+1
including P&P
without case
READY BUILT: Buy a working tested module and fit your own case.
Non Alarm 9.50. Alarm 13.00. Or put it with our case parts
L
4.32 and save on complete clock price.
Complete Clock ready built. 2 yr. guarantee. Non Alarm 13.50.
Alarm 16.50
ALARM FEATURES: Pulsed tone. Tilt operated 10 minute 'Snooze'
period. Single switch setting. Optional extra mercury switch (45p)
allows Alarm reset by tilting clock. Digit
brightness is
automatically controlled to suit lighting level.
CHRISTMAS
"ALPHA"OFFER
4 Glowing Green
1/2"
High Digits
Perspex case
L1
.0
incl.
components
0
J
PULSE ELECTRONICS
LTD.
DEPT. E3, 202 SHEFFORD ROAD
CLIFTON, SHEFFORD, BEDS.
Telephone: Hitchin (0462) 814477
BARCLAYCARD
For those requiring a wider range of facilities this module provides:' Bass and treble filter controls including switchable cut-off frequencies for
PRICE
11.7G
5
+ 1.47 VAT
PRICE
5.75
'"
+72p VAT
'"
ALARM
VAT
+ 0.85
TIMEBAND
made
DF'
ri 0a 65
NON ALARM
"DELTA"
r,
Specification:
200142
TEAK CASES
* No external
+1.66 VAT
complete
de<
34.50
37.50
TEMPUS
Telephone:
312866
Cambridge
(0223)
78
- FEBRUARY 1977
CREED 7B
TELEPRINTER CRATED
40 each
CREED 5 LEVEL
PAPER TAPE READER
25 each
5 discount on any pair plus FREE carriage. Otherwise 2.50 carriage each item.
COMPRESSOR/
VACUUM PUMP
MARCONI NOISE
GENERATOR
0-15, 0-30
Now only
17.50 each
Recommended
15 each
MARCONI TF675F
WIDE RANGE
/-PULSE
GENERATOR
+
variable outputs up to 50V.
Optional delay. Small compact unit.
TF987/1
22.50 each
PRECISION SIGNAL
GENERATOR
Type 62 Covers
95-160 mHZ
10% discount
--
--
FOR THE VDU BUiLDEn.. Ivew stock of Large Rectangular Screen 30 x 20cm tube
Type M38 at the ridiculous price of 4 ea. And also still available the CME1220, 24 x
15cm at 9 ea.
12.50 each.
NOW AVAILABLE
Various punches, tape reader, low
voltage power supplies, card frame,
modular cases, etc. Lists available
Bay
l.ith
11111.11-1111011
EAU LTD
a,
7/9 ARTHUR ROAD, READING, BERKS. (rear Tech. College, King's Road). Tel. Reading 582605
ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
- FEBRUARY 1977
79
MINI-ADS
CLASSIFIED
- VALVES
-
Radio
TV
Industrial
Transmitting
We dispatch Valves to all parts of the world by return of
post, air or sea mail, .2700 Types in stock, 1930 to
1976. Obsolete types a speciality. List 20p. Quotation
S.A.E. Open to callers Monday to Saturday 9.30 to
5.00. Closed Wednesday 1.00. We wish to purchase
all types of new and boxed Valves.
FREE TV
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
All
-4
only 27.50.
British TV Circuit Diagram Manuals
the main mono
(over 37 series) for 9.90 and virtually every colour for
17.50.
Full details of these and otherpublications from,
CAR,
BOAT OR CARAVAN
CLOCK MODULE
"CAT" NOW
AVAILABLE PRICE 40p
OUR NEW
CLOCK
MODULE SIZE 3.0" x 1.75"
Name:
Address:
PACKING
18 STARRING LANE
LITTLEBOROUGH, LANCS.
PRECISION
POLYCARBONATE
CAPACITORS
All High Stability
40V AC
settlement.
10
22
41/2.
RANGE: DIMENSIONS
(mm)
L
0,1F
0.22F
0.25F
0.474F
0.5F
0.68F
1.0F
2.0aF
PRICE
EACH
27
33
33
33
33
50.8
50.8
50.8
63V DC Range
68p 0.476E
86p I.O,r
12.7
16
16
19
19
19
"
l'b
1.32
77p
91p
61.32
61.88
2.32
3.32
4.76
-'
6.T,,
19
1.16
1.25
1.37
15F
25.4
1.95
221.F
92p
1.10
2.25F
4.7.,E
IoiiF
2.81
0.1.I.9.2-2.48
AC 176
16p
ADI49
Rip
AFI78
40p
38p
9p
12p
AF239
13C187 '8 9
BC114
BC147t8%9
B(' 153
BC157'8
.
BC177
BC I82' 182L
BC183 1831.
BC 184' 1841.
BC212'212L
BC213'2131,
BC214 214L
BC267
12P
2529260
12p
2192926Y
39p 2N29260
22p
2N3054
lip
SOp
13F173
24P
353055
BF178
6E184
BF194 195
26P
22p
2537112
3204
12P
12p
B1196'197'
13p
27P
TIP.30A
TIP31A
TIP:32A
Sap
T1P3055
YtPL'131
NE555
65p
49p
61p
IIP
BF200
I1p
BF262'263'
BFY50'51'52
12p
12p
13E7(84,86'88
BFX85
Ilp
GEl'872
lip
601,
20P
2Op
mp
2511
2511
741 8
pin
'Ip
52p
sip
32p
ZN414_ 1.15
SN7601.3:N13
I.SU
POPULAR DIODES -1 N914 tip, 8 for -15p. 18 for 90p; 15916 8p, 6 for
45p, 14 for 9Op; 1544 5p, ll for 59, 26 for 180; 1541485p, 6 for 27p,
12 for 48p; 154001 5')p; 02 6p; 00.3 612p; 004 7p; 1106 8p; 067 81)p.
LOW PRICE LESER DIODES-400mM'. Tol. .S at SmA. Values
available: 3V, 3.3V. ..16V, 4.7V, 5.IV, 5.6V, 6.2V, 6.8V, 7..3V. 8.2V,
IV,IOV,11V,12V.13V,13.5V.
30V. All at 7p each; 5 for Lip;
9
.151,15.
MARCO TRADING
(Dept. P3)
The Old School. Edstaston. Wem. Shropshire
Tel. Whixall (Shropshire) (STD 094872) 464/5
(Praprs::VI nicast Trading Ltd.)
80
53
15
a-
22
41/2p
5p
6p
PC m
PLEASE MENTION
WHEN REPLYING
TO ADVERTISEMENTS
ETI
0 12p;
220E 21..
---
18p;
E.
Hi-stabd,ty
5';2
--
e_
VAI
0.
--
t-..
2JN.
2 Z.
50 p
lop
I6p
lop
63V
10
41/2p
20p
20p
BC268A
BC547 558A
BCY72 -.
BD131'832
5F1151167
15p
63V
4.7
2 2
5.
1012
0C44 0C45
0071 72
i2P
635
0
60p
73p
1.23
1.47
2.88
25V
47
100
Sip
1.56
61.98
62.02
63.48
4.98
47.14
.250
VALUE
Mullard Components
Electrolytic Capacitors. 015 016 Series
ETI 144
ETI 116
EYI117a
ET1117p
EV 131
ETI 241
ETI 252
ET1
422
ETI 438
40p
89p
88p
35p
35p
94p
85p
40p
3.00
75p
ETI 543a
65p
65p
73p
5.40
ETI702
95p
ETI 710
85p
ET1 706
50p
ETI 951
35p
41p
443 3.00
444 1.50
445
40p
ETI446
80p
ETI 447
63p
ETI 5146 40p
ETI 533a 42p
ETI 533b 35p
ETI 541
73p
ETI
ETI
ETI
ETI
441
ET1
543b
ETI 544
ETI 602
Triac. !C
D.odes, Resistors
Frontplate, PCB, etc. Replaces concentionai Iightswitch
with NO REWIRING. TOUCH one insulated plate for
ON, another for OFF. Complete with instructions.
ONLY 3.67.
ALSO TSA300K AUTOMATIC as above, but with only
ONE TOUCHPLATE TOUCH for ON and light stays on
for a preset time. Ideal for stairs and hall. Complete with
instructions. ONLY 3.67.
300W LIGHTDIMM EP KIT replaces core -e o'-al
Iightswitch. 2.45.
SPECIAL OFFER
COMPONENTS
Resistors 'Vaal 5% carbon (Et 2) 1.2p ea.
Capacitors. ceramic plate 27pf'0.047uf 3.5p.
Tantalum bead 0.1-6.8uf 35v 15p ea.
Diodes. IN4001 5p, 002 5p: 003 7p, 004 8p, IN914
5p.
Zeners, 400mW 2.7-33v 12p ea.
DIL sockets, 8w 12p, 14w 16p, 16w 17p, 24w 70p.
LED's 0.125" Red 15p, Green 25p, yellow 25p, Clips
2p
Relay min 12 v suitable for ETI 540 1.75
-
BC107.8.9 9p
BC177,8.9 20p
0C147,8.9 Ilp
BC328
15p
14p
BC338
727410
30p
72748P _40p
u0703
uA723
80139
BD140
BF950
30p
51p
55p
60p
18p
282219 25p
202646 59p
LM339
1M380
LM382
NE555
293055
203704
205459
1.84
1.05
1.50
70p
53p
1.08
65p
NE556
1.00
TCA220 E1.54
MC1468L 4.00
T1P2955
T1P3055
14p
40p
10
ROCKER
CMOS Motorola
4002
20p
4011
20p
57
57p
20p
4510
4516
4566
135p
135p
155p
SOP
Dim:
20
85p
RESISTORS
Mallard
/:
24p
'.'A
36p
44p
,_
34p
pp
-_
_-
p.
":-
LOO
2p'
45p
7p
-'e
==-
MINI MAINS
0.6V
7P6',65,
_-_
'
12-0-120
(*12' _"
20p
12p
15p
85p
9sp
6
'
6
8 5 .1
105p
57p
105p
105p
57p
4501
911
SOLATED TAB
6A
20p
4007
Case
40040001
4012
4015
4016
4017
4040
4049
4000
'
0=4,0Mail
- FEBRUARY 1977
LEDs
pans-
D 2
INFRA RED
RED
015p25
18p
G /Y
27p
27p
33p
33p
OR
clip 1p
OPTO-ISOLATORS.
TIL111 1.5kV 15okHz
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1
65p
AC126/6/7/8 15p
40p
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293053
2N3054
2N3055
20p
48124/5/6/7 34p
BC/107/8/9
SP
42p
K147/8/9 10p
K157/8/9 11p
11p '
80167/8/9
801690
12p
175
60177/8/9
80182/3/41. 11p
80186/7
30p
BC212/3/4L 12p
0170/71/72 13p
12p
68194/5
14p
88196/7
1p
8550/51
30p
8X29
24p
sham
16p
55X19/20
7s
0071
2N706
tsp
2N1711
20g,
292219
20p
Diac
46p 88100
50p 21p
400V TRIACS 2A 60p 10A 1.50
TO5
25p 27p
15p
45p
41p
12p
TIS43UJT
25p
MPF102
Opp
2N3819
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25p
30p.
9914
3P
94001
5P
94002/3
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Sp
7P
Sp
4p
N4148
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le
BAWD
8Y127
0A47
6p
8p
7p
0470 0A79
0A81 0A90
0A91 0495
0A200
0A202
OP. AMPS
2N2904/5/6/716p
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2N2926(R)
292926(G)
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12V 7812 1 Amp
15V 7815
all
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6C109C
48117
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6P
6P
'
75.
36p
41
46pp
ZENERS 2.7-33V
BZY88 or sim. 9p
60p
556.2x555 1.10
LM380
1.00
555 Timer
7400
16p
741 8-pin
748 D.I.L.
6Op
75p
1.92
92p
1.19
55p
85p
1.14
2.10
84p
'
ETI710
ETI514b
.
Sorry. No ETI602s.
.rotot .es
- Contact:
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1513516
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- FEBRUARY
1977
81
EDITORIAL QUERIES
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Photocopy
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correction as soon as possible at the end at
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1
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82
computers, watches,telephones,
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1 ComputerArithmetic
_ _
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Digital
puter
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Book
5 Calculator Design
6 ComputerArchitecture
=e,
1.
2.
Logical Circuit
Elements
3. Designing Circuits to
Carry Out Logical
8's
of
6.20
Digital Systems
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Book 1,
-h
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Pro,
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realistic bassFeatures a very
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Plugs into
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