5/8/2016

Annex 1: Election Offenses | The Philippine Online Chronicles

Annex 1: Election O enses

Written by Administrator

Tuesday, 27 April 2010 - Last Updated on April 27, 2010

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By a Voter

Pre-Election O enses

Election O enses

Making any false or untruthful statement regarding any of the data

or information required in the application for registration;

Deadly
weapons (in the
polling place or a

Registering anew without ling an application for cancellation of his

previous registration; ii
Registering in substitution for another whether with or without the
latters knowledge or consent; iii
Delivering, handing over, entrusting or giving, directly or indirectly
his voters identi cation card to another in consideration of money
or other bene t of promise; or take or accept such voters
identi cation card, directly or indirectly, by giving or causing the
giving of money or other bene t or making or causing the making of
a promise therefore; iv

radius of 100
meter thereof); v
Voting more
than once in the
same election,
or who, not
being a
registered
voter, votes in
an election; vi
Voting in
substitution for
another
whether with or
without the
latters
knowledge
and/or consent;
vii

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Allowing his
ballot to be
prepared by
another person,
when one is not
illiterate nor
physically
disabled; viii
Using a ballot in
the course of
voting other
than the one
given by the
board of
election
inspectors; ix
Possessing
more than one
o cial ballot; x

By a BEI Member

Pre-Election O enses

Election O enses

Post-Election O enses

Approving any

Any member of the board of

The chairman or any

application which on

election inspectors charged

member of the board of

its face shows that the

with the duty of reading the

election inspectors who,

applicant does not

ballot during the counting of

during the prescribed

possess all the

votes who deliberately omits

period of posting,

quali cations

to read the vote duly written

removes the election

prescribed by law for

on the ballot, or misreads the

return from the wall on

a voter; or who

vote actually written thereon

which it had been

disapproves any

or reads the name of a

posted other than for

application which on

candidate where no name is

the purpose of

its face shows that the

written on the ballot;

xv

applicant possesses all

such quali cations;

xii

Accepting an
appointment to the
board of election
inspectors or the
board of canvassers,
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immediately
transferring it to a more

Any member of the board of

suitable place; xxii

election inspectors charged

with the duty of tallying the

The chairman or any

votes in the tally board or

member of the board of

sheet, ER or other prescribed

election inspectors who

form who deliberately fails to

signs or authenticates a
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assuming o ce, and

record a vote therein or

print which bears an

actually serving as a

records erroneously the

image di erent from the

member thereof by

votes as read, or records a

election return

any person who, being

vote where no such vote has

produced after counting

ineligible for

been read by the chairman;

and posting on the wall;

appointment; xiii

xvi

xxiv

Refusing to sign or

Any member of a board of

Failure to properly

certify any election

election inspectors who has

distribute the copies of

form required by this

made possible the casting of

ER; xxv

Code or prescribed by

more votes than there are

Failure to count the

the COMELEC

registered voters; xvii

votes in public and

although he was

Deliberately absenting

without interruption; xxvi

present during the

himself from the meetings of

meeting of the said

said body for the purpose of

body;

xiv

obstructing or delaying the

performance of its duties or
functions, by any member of
the boards of election
inspectors and boards of
canvassers; xviii
Tampering, increasing or
decreasing the votes
received by a candidate in
any election (election
sabotage); xix
Refusing, after proper
veri cation and hearing, to
credit the correct votes or
deduct such tampered votes
by any member of the board
of election inspectors or
board of canvassers; xx
Refusing to issue duly
accredited watchers the
certi cate of votes provided
in Section 16 of Republica Act
No. 6466, by any member of
the board of election
inspectors or board of
canvassers.

By a BOC Member
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Pre-Election O enses

Post-Election O enses

Accepting an appointment to the

Failing to give due notice of the date, time and place

board of election inspectors or

of the meeting of said board to the candidates,

the board of canvassers,

political parties and/or members of the board by the

assuming o ce, and actually

chairman of the board of canvassers; xxviii

serving as a member thereof by

Proceeding with the canvass of the votes and/or

any person who, being ineligible

proclamation of any candidate which was

for appointment;

xxvii

suspended or annulled by the COMELEC, by any

member of the board of canvassers; xxix
Proceeding with the canvass of votes and/or
proclamation of any candidate in the absence of
quorum, or without giving due notice of the date,
time and place of the meeting of the board to the
candidates, political parties, and/or other members
of the board, by any member of the board of
canvassers; xxx
Using in the canvass of votes and/or proclamation
of any candidate any document other than the
o cial copy of the ER, without authority of the
COMELEC , by any member of the board of
canvassers; xxxi
Deliberately absenting himself from the meetings of
said body for the purpose of obstructing or delaying
the performance of its duties or functions, by any
member of the boards of election inspectors and
boards of canvassers; xxxii
Refusing to sign certify any election form required
by this Code or prescribed by the COMELEC
although he was present during the meeting of the
said body; xxxiii up>
Tampering, increasing or decreasing the votes
received by a candidate in any election (election
sabotage); xxxiv
Refusing, after proper veri cation and hearing, to
credit the correct votes or deduct such tampered
votes by any member of the board of election
inspectors or board of canvassers; xxxv
Failing to comply with the manner of counting votes;
xxxvi

By a Public O
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cer
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Pre-Election O enses

Election O enses

Post-Election O enses

Appointment of new

Changing or causing the

Relieving any member of

employees, creation of

change of the

any board of election

new position, promotion,

assignments of any

inspectors or board of

or giving salary

member of any board of

canvassers, without

increases; xxxvii

election inspectors or

authority of the COMELEC

Transfer of o cers and

board of canvassers,

by any public o cial or

employees in the civil

without authority of the

person acting on his

xxxviii

COMELEC by any public

behalf; l

Intervention of public

o cial or person acting

Changing or causing the

service;

o cers and employees;

on his behalf;

xlix

change of the

xxxix

assignments of any

Use of Undue in uence;

member of any board of

xl

election inspectors or

Relieving any member of

board of canvassers,

any board of election

without authority of the

inspectors or board of

COMELEC by any public

canvassers, without

o cial or person acting

authority of the

on his behalf; li

COMELEC by any public

o cial or person acting
on his behalf; xli
Changing or causing the
change of the
assignments of any
member of any board
election inspectors or
board of canvassers,
without authority of the
COMELEC by any public
o cial or person acting
on his behalf; xlii
Appointment or use of
special policemen,
special agents,
con dential agents of
the like; xliii
Illegal release of
prisoners before and
after election; xliv
Use of public funds,
money deposited in
trust, equipment,
facilities owned or
controlled by the
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government for an
election campaign; xlv
Suspension of elective
provincial, city, municipal
or barangay o cer; xlvi
Appointing such
ineligible person to the
BEI or BOC knowing him
to be ineligible by any
public o cer or any
person acting on his
behalf; xlvii
Failing to post the voters
list within the speci ed
time, duration and in the
designated location shall
constitute an election
o ense on the part of
the election o cer
concerned; xlviii

By Anyone

Pre-Election O enses

Election O enses

Post-Election
O enses

Vote-buying and vote-selling; liii

Conspiracy to bribe voters;
Unlawful electioneering;

liv

lv

Dismissal of employees, laborers

or tenants;

lvi

Threats, intimidation,

Conducting

terrorism, use of fraudulent

oneself in

device or other forms of

such a

coercion;

cxv

disorderly

Coercion of election o cials

cxvi

manner as

Deliberately imprinting or causing

and employees;

to interrupt

the imprinting of blurred or

Deadly weapons (in the

or disrupt

indistinct ngerprints on any of the

polling place or a radius of

the work or

cxvii

copies of the application for

100 meters thereof);

registration or on the voters

Carrying rearms outside

to the end

a davit; lvii

residence of place of

of

Any person in charge of the

business; cxviii

preventing

registration of voters who

Use of armored land, water

the board

deliberately or through negligence,

or air craft; cxix

of election

causes or allows the imprinting of

Wearing of uniforms and

inspectors

blurred or indistinct ngerprints on

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bearing arms;

cxx

proceedings

or board of
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any of the aforementioned

registration forms;

lvii

Carrying rearms outside

lix

Use of armored land, water or air

lx

Wearing of uniforms and bearing

arms;

canvassers

guards acting as bodyguards

during any

or security guards;

residence or place of business;

craft;

Policemen and provincial

lxi

cxxi

of its

Availing himself of any

meetings

means of scheme to discover

from

the contents of the ballot of

performing

a voter who is preparing or

its

casting his vote or who has

functions,

Policemen and provincial guards

just voted; cxxii

either partly

acting as bodyguards or securit

Arresting or detaining a voter

or totally;

guards; lxii

without lawful cause; cxxiii

318

Wagering upon result of election;

Molesting a voter in such a

Removing

lxiii

manner as to obstruct or

or defacing

Organization or maintenance of

prevent him from going to

the ER

reaction forces, strike forces, or

the polling place to cast his

posted on

vote or from returning home

the wall; 319

after casting his vote; cxxiv

Simulation

Compelling a voter to reveal

of an

other similar forces;

lxiv

Release, disbursement or
expenditure of public funds;

lxv

cxxv

Construction of public works,

how he voted;

delivery of materials for public

Propagating false and

return; 320

works and issuance of treasury

alarming reports or

Simulation

information or transmits or

of the

circulates false orders,

certi cation

directives or messages

in a print of

Tampering with or changing

regarding any matter

an election

without authority any data or entry

relating to the printing of

return; 321

in any voters application for

o cial ballots, the

Refusing to

postponement of the el

present for

ection, the transfer of polling

perusal its

warrants and similar devices;

lxvi

Tampering with the ngerprints in

said registration records;

registration;

lxvii

lxviii

Delaying, hindering or obstructing

another from registering;

lxix

election

place, or the general conduct

copy of

Falsely certifying or identifying

of the election, the transfer

election

another as a bona de resident of

of polling place of the

return to

a particular place or locality for the

general conduct of the

the board

purpose of securing the latters

election, for the purpose of

of

disrupting or obstructing the

canvassers,

Placing, inserting or otherwise

election process or causing

by the

including, as approved application

confusion among the voters;

citizens

for registration in the book of

cxxvi

arm; 322

voters or in the provincial or

Destroying, substituting or

Presenting

national central les of registered

taking away from the

of

voters, the application of any

possession of those having

tampered

legal custody thereof, or

or spurious

that has not been approved; lxxi

from the place where they

ER by the

Removing from, or otherwise

are legally deposited, any

citizens

taking out of the book of voters or

election form or document

arm; 323

the provincial or national central

or ballot box which contains

Refusing or

o cial ballots or other

failing to

registration as a voter;

lxx

ctitious voter or any application

les of registered voters any duly

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approved voters application,

documents used in the

provide the

except upon lawful order of the

election, without legal

dominant

COMELEC, or of a competent court

of after proper cancellation;

lxxii

authority;

cxxvii

majority

Opening or destroying the

and

Transferring or causing the transfer

ballot box containing the

dominant

of the registration record of a voter

o cial ballots used in the

minority

to the book of voters of another

election or removes or

parties or

polling place, unless said transfer

destroys its contents without

the citizens

was ue to a change of address of

or against the order of the

arm their

the voter and the voter was duly

COMELEC, by the person

copy of the

noti ed of his new polling place;

having legal custody over

ER; 324

lxxiii

said box;

Asking, demanding, taking,

Enabling any person to open

accepting or possessing, directly or

or destroy the ballot box

indirectly, the voters a davit of

containing the o cial ballots

another, in order to induce the

used in the election or

latter to withhold his vote, or to

remove or destroy its

vote for or against any candidate in

contents without or against

an election or any issue in a

the order of the COMELEC,

plebiscite or referendum; lxxiv

or take away said ballot box

Delivering, handing over,

from his custody, by the

entrusting, giving directly or

person having legal custody

indirectly his voters a davit to

of the ballot box containing

another in consideration of money

the o cial ballots used in

or other beni t or promises

the election, through his

thereof, or takes or accepts such

negligence; cxxix

voters a davit directly or

Knowingly using ballots

indirectly, by giving or causing the

other than the o cial

giving of money or other bene t or

ballots, except in those cases

making or causing the making of a

where the use of emergency

promise thereof; lxxv

ballots is authorized, by any

Altering in any manner, tearing,

member of the board of

defacing, removing or destroying

election inspectors; cxxx

any certi ed list of voters; lxxvi

Revealing the contents of the

Taking, carrying or possessing any

ballot of an illiterate or

blank or unused registration form

disabled voter whom he

already issued to a city or

assisted in preparing a

municipality outside of said city or

ballot; cxxxi

municipality except as otherwise

Transferring the location of a

provided in this Code or when

polling place without

directed by express order of the

authority; cxxxiii

court or of the COMELEC; lxxvii

Distributing or causing any

Maliciously omitting, tampering or

ballot or ER that appears as

transferring to another list the

o cial ballots or ER to be

name of a registered voter from

distributed for use in the

the o cial list of voters posted

election, whether or not they

outside the polling place;

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lxxviii

cxxviii

are actually used, without

cxxxiv

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Holding political conventions or

authority; cxxxiv

meetings to nominate its o cial

Keeping, using or carrying

candidates earlier than the period

out or causing to be kept,

xed in the Omnibus Code;

lxxix

used or carried out, any

Obstructing, destroying or

o cial ballot or ER or printed

canceling any certi cate of

proof thereof, typeform

candidacy duly led and which has

mould, electrotype printing

not been cancelled upon order of

plates and any other plate,

the COMELEC; lxxx

numbering machines and

Misleading the board of election

other printing paraphernalia

inspectors by submitting any false

being used in connection

or spurious certi cate of candidacy

with the printing of o cial

or document to the prejudice of a

ballots or ER, without

candidate;

lxxxi

authority; cxxxv

Receiving any certi cate of

Causing ballots or ER to be

candidacy outside the period for

printed in quantities

ling the same and making it

exceeding those authorized

appear that said c

by the COMELEC, by any

erti cate of candidacy was led on

o cial or employee of any

time by any person authorized to

printing establishment or of

receive certi cates of candidacy;

the COMELEC or any

lxxxii

member of the committee in

Causing or compelling the

charge of the printing of

COMELEC of receiving any

o cial ballots or ER; cxxxvi

certi cate of candidacy outside the

Distributing, delivering, or in

period for ling the same and

any manner disposing of or

making it appear that said

causing to be distributed,

certi cate of candidacy was led on

delivered, or disposed of,

time by any person authorized to

any o cial ballot of ER to

receive certi cates of candidacy, by

any person or persons not

means of fraud, threat,

authorized by law or by the

intimidation, terrorism or coercion;

COMELEC to receive or keep

lxxxiii

o cial ballots or ER or who

Jamming, obstructing or interfering

sends or causes them to be

with a radio or television broadcast

sent to any place not

of any lawful political program by

designated by law or by the

any device or means;

lxxxiv

COMELEC, by any o cial or

Selling, furnishing, o ering, buying,

employee of any printing

serving or taking intoxicating liquor

establishment or of

on the days xed by law for the

COMELEC or any member of

registration of voters in the polling

the committee in charge of

place, or on the day before the

the printing of o cial ballots

election or on election day; lxxxv

or ER; cxxxvii

Refusing to carry o cial election

Violating the integrity of any

mail matters free of charge during

o cial ballot or ER before or

the election period by any operator

after they are used in the

or employee of a public utility or

election; cxxxviii

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transportation company operating

Removing, tearing, defacing

under a certi cate of public

or destroying any certi ed

convenience, including

list of candidates posted

government-owned or controlled

inside the voting booths

postal service or its employees or

during the hours of voting;

deputized agents;

lxxxvi

(Refusal to

cxxxix

carry election mail matter)

Removing, tearing, defacing

Discriminating against any political

or destroying any certi ed

party, coalition or aggroupment of

list of candidates posted

parties or any candidate in the sale

inside the voting booths

of air time by any person who

during the hours of voting;

operates a radio or television

cxxxix

station without justi able cause;

Holding or causing the

lxxxvii

(Prohibition against

holding of an election on any

discrimination in the sale of air

other day than that xed by

time)

law or by the COMELEC, or

Violation of the provisions, or

stops any election being

pertinent portions, of the following

legally held; cxl

sections of the Omnibus Election

Conducting oneself in such a

Code shall constitute election

disorderly manner as to

o enses: Sections 9, 18, 74, 75, 76,

interrupt or disrupt the work

80, lxxxviii 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, lxxxix

or proceedings to the end of

86, 87, 88, 89, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,

preventing the board of

100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106

election inspectors or board

107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 122,

of canvassers during any of

123, 127, 128, 129, 132, 134, 135,

its meetings from

145, 148, 150, 152, 172, 173, 174,

performing its functions,

178, 180, 182, 184, 185, 186, 189,

either partly or totally; cxli

190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197,

Soliciting votes or

198, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207,

undertaking any

208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214,

propaganda, on the day of

215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223,

election, for or against any

229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236,

candidate or any political

239 and 240;

xcii

party within the polling place

Causing the printing of o cial

or within a radius of 30

ballots and ER by any printing

meters thereof; cxlii

establishment which is not under

Selling, furnishing, o ering,

contract with the COMELEC and

buying, serving or taking

any printing establishment which

intoxicating liquor on the

undertakes such unauthorized

days xed by law for the

printing (election sabotage); xciii

registration of voters in the

Violating Section 11 of Republic Act

polling place, or on the day

No. 6466 regarding prohibited

before the election or on

forms of election propaganda;

xcv

election day; cxliii

Continuing to misrepresent

Opening in any polling place

himself, or holding himself out, as a

or within a radius of 30

candidate, such as by continuing to

meters thereof on election

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campaign thereafter by any person

day and during the counting

declared a nuisance candidate as

of votes, booths or stalls of

de ned under Section 69 of Batas

any kind for the sale,

Pambansa Blg. 881, or is otherwise

dispensing or display of

disquali ed, by nal and executory

wares, merchandise or

judgment;

xcvi

refreshments, whether solid

Knowingly inducing, or abetting, by

or liquid, or for any other

COMELEC or omission, such

purposes; cxliv

misrepresentation or holding out

Holding on election day fairs,

as a candidate of any person

cock ghts, boxing, horse

declared a nuisance candidate as

races, jai-alai or any other

de ned under Section 69 of Batas

similar sports; cxlv

Pambansa Blg. 881 or otherwise

disquali ed, by nal and executory
judgment; xcvii
Failing, without cause, to post or
give any of the notices or to make
any of the reports re-acquired
under Republic Act No. 8189; xcviii
Issuing or causing the issuance of a
voters identi cation number or to
cancel or cause the cancellation
thereof in violation of the
provisions of Republic Act No.
8189;xcix
Refusing the issuance of registered
voters their voters identi cation
card;c
Accepting an appointment, to
assume o ce and to actually serve
as a member of the Election
Registration Board although
ineligible thereto;ci
Appointing such ineligible person
accept an appointment, to the
Election Registration Board; cii
Interfering with, impeding, abscond
for purpose of gain or to prevent
the installation or use of
computers and devices and the
processing, storage, generation,
and transmission of registration
data or information; ciii
Gaining, causing access to use,
altering, destroying, or disclosing
any computer data, program,
system software, network, or any
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computer-related devices, facilities,

hardware or equipment, whether
classi ed or declassi ed; civ
Failing to provide certi ed voters
and deactivated voters list to
candidates and heads of
representatives of political parties
upon written request as provided
in Section 30 of Republic Act No.
8189; cv
Failing to include the approved
application form for registration of
a quali ed voter in the book of
voters of a particular precinct or
the omission of the name of a duly
registered voter in the certi ed list
of voters of the precinct where he
is duly, registered resulting in his
failure to cast his vote during an
election, plebiscite, referendum,
initiative and/or recall; cvi
Posting of a list of voters outside or
at the door of a precinct on the day
of an election, plebiscite,
referendum, initiative and/or recall,
and which list is di erent in
contents from the certi ed list of
voters being used by the Board of
Election Inspectors; cvii
Violating of the provisions of
Republic Act No. 8189; cviii
Coercing, bribing, threatening,
harassing, intimidating, terrorizing,
or actually causing, in icting or
producing violence, injury,
punishment, torture, damage, loss
or disadvantage to discourage any
other person or persons from ling
a certi cate of candidacy in order
to eliminate all other potential
candidate from running in a special
election; cix
Utilizing without authorization,
tampering with, destroying or
stealing: o cial ballots, ER, and
certi cates of canvass of votes
used in the automated election
cx
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system;

cx

Utilizing without authorization,

tampering with, destroying or
stealing: Electronic devices or their
components, peripherals or
supplies used in the AES such as
counting machine, memory
pack/diskette, memory pack
receiver and computer set; cxi
Interfering with, impeding,
absconding for purpose of gain,
preventing the installation or use
of computer counting devices and
the processing, storage, generation
and transmission of election
results, data or information; cxii
Gaining or causing access to using,
altering, destroying or disclosing
any computer data, program,
system software, network, or any
computer-related devices, facilities,
hardware or equipment, whether
classi ed or declassi ed; cxiii
Violation of Republic Act No. 9006
and the rules and regulations of
the COMELEC issued to implement
Republic Act No. 9006 cxiv

END NOTES (Annex 1)

i
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (2).
ii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (5).
iii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (6).
iv
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (a).
v
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Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (p).

vi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (2).
vii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (3).
viii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (4).
ix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (6).
x
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (6).
xi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (24).
xii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (4).
xiii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (3); See also Section 3, Comelec Resolution 8786(4 March 2010).
xiv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (2).
xv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (8).
xvi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (9).
xvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (10).
xviii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (1);See also Section 15, Comelec Resolution 8809 (30 March 2010)
xix
Republic Act No. 6646 Section 27 (b), as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 42.
xx
Republic Act No. 6646 Section 27 (b), as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007) Section 42.
xxi
Republic Act No. 6646 Section 27 (c).
xxii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 212 (d).
xxiii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 212 (e).
xxiv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 212 (f).
xxv
Republic Act No. 7166 (1991), Section 27, as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 33.
xxvi

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Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 206, as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 35.
xxvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (3).
xxviii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (aa) (1).
xxix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (aa) (2).
xxx
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (aa) (3).
xxxi
Bat
as Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (aa) (4).
xxxii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (1).
xxxiii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (2).
xxxiv
Republic Act No. 6646, Section 27 (b), as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 42.
xxxv
Republic Act No. 6646, Section 27 (b), as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007) Section 42.
xxxvi
Republic Act No. 7166, Section 25, as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 31.
xxxvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (g).
xxxviii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (h).
xxxix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (i).
xl
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (j).
xli
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (5).
xlii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (5).
xliii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (m).
xliv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (n).
xlv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (o).
xlvi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (x).

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xlvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (3),
xlviii
Republic Act No. 8436, Section 35 (g), as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 28.
xlix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (5).
l
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (5).
li
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (bb) (5).
lii
Republic Act No. 6646, Section 27 (e).
liii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (a).
liv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (b).
lv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (k).
lvi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (l).
lvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (3).
lviii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (3).
lix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (q); see also Republic Act No. 7166 (1991), Section 32 for the
exceptions to this prohibition.
lx
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (r).
lxi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (s).
lxii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (t); see also Republic Act No. 7166 (1991), Section 33 for the
exceptions to this prohibition .
lxiii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (c).
lxiv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (u).
lxv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (v).
lxvi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (w).

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lxvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (3).
lxviii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (7).
lxix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (8).
lxx
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (9).
lxxi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (11).
lxxii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (11).
lxxiii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (12).
lxxiv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (13).
lxxv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (14).
lxxvi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (15).
lxxvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (16).
lxxviii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (y) (17).
lxxix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (cc) (1).
lxxx
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (cc) (2).
lxxxi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (cc) (3).
lxxxii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (cc) (4).
lxxxiii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (cc) (4).
lxxxiv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (cc) (5).
lxxxv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (dd) (1).
lxxxvi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (dd) (4).
lxxxvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (dd) (5).

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lxxxviii
See Penera v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 181613, 25 November, 2009; See also Republic Act No. 8436, Section 15, as
amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007),
Section 13.
lxxxix
Repealed by Republic Act No. 9006, Section 14; See Republic Act No. 6646, Section 11 for additional prohibited
forms of election propaganda.
xc
Amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 35.
xci
Amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 32.
xcii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 262.
xciii
Republic Act No. 6646, Section 27 (a).
xciv
Republic Act No. 6646, Section 27 (a).
xcv
Republic Act No. 6646, Section 27 (d).
xcvi
Republic Act No. 6646, Section 27 (f).
xcvii
Republic Act No. 6646, Section 27 (f).
xcviii
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (b).
xcix
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (c).
c
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (c).
ci
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (d).
cii
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (d).
ciii
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (e).
civ
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (f).
cv
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (g).
cvi
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (h).
cvii

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Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (i).

cviii
Republic Act No. 8189, Section 45 (j).
cix
Republic Act No. 8295, Section 5.
cx
Republic Act No. 8436, Section 35 (a)(1), as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 28.
cxi
Republic Act No. 8436, Section 35 (a) (2), as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 28.
cxii
Republic Act No. 8436, Section 35 (b), as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 28.
cxiii
Republic Act No. 8436, Section 35 (c), as amended by Republic Act No. 9369 (2007), Section 28.
cxiv
Republic Act No. 9006, Section 13.
cxv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (d).
cxvi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (f).
cxvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (p).
cxviii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (q); see also Republic Act No. 7166(1991), Section 32 for the
exceptions to this prohibition.
cxix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (r).
cxx
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (s).
cxxi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (t); see also Republic Act No. 7166 (1991), Section 33 for the
exceptions to this prohibition.
cxxii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (5).
cxxiii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (7).
cxxiv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (7).
cxxv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (7).
cxxvi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (11).
cxxvii

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Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (12).

cxxviii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (13).
cxxix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (13).
cxxx
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (14).
cxxxi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (16).
cxxxii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (17).
cxxxiii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (18).
cxxxiv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (18).
cxxxv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (19).
cxxxvi
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (20).
cxxxvii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (20).
cxxxviii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (21); see also Comelec Resolution 8786 (4 March 2010), Section 30
(e).
cxxxix
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (22).
cxl
Batas Pamba
nsa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (z) (23).
cxli
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985). Section 261 (bb) (4).
cxlii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (cc) (6).
cxliii
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (dd) (1).
cxliv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (dd) (2).
cxlv
Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (1985), Section 261 (dd) (3).

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