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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com
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Rectangular column design

Rectangular column design by PROKON.
C11
(RecCol Ver W2.6.00 - 05 Dec 2012)
Design code : BS8110 - 1997
Y
300
General design parameters:

Given:
h = 300 mm
b = 200 mm
d'x = 20 mm
d'y = 20 mm
Lo = 5.700 m
fcu = 25 MPa
fy = 450 MPa
200
100
Design chart for bending about the X-X axis:
200
100
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
-1400
Bending moment (kNm)
Moment max = 208.1kNm @ 330 kN
220
210
200
190
6%
180
170
160
150
5%
140
130
4%
120
110
100
3%
90.0
80.0
70.0
2%
60.0
50.0
1%
40.0
30.0
0%
20.0
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
10.0
Axial load (kN)
Column design chart (X-X)
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Design chart for bending about the Y-Y axis:
Therefore:
Ac = b . h
= .2 .3
= 0.0600 m
h' = h - d'x
= .3 - .02
= 0.2800 m
b' = b - d'y
= .2 - .02
= 0.1800 m
Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clause 3.8.1 are applicable.
(2) The section is symmetrically reinforced.
(3) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column.
(4) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.
140
130
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
-1400
120
6%
110
100
5%
90.0
4%
80.0
70.0
3%
60.0
50.0
2%
40.0
1%
30.0
0%
20.0
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
10.0
Axial load (kN)
Column design chart (Y-Y)
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Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) The column design charts are constructed.
(2) An area steel is chosen.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment is determined .
(5) The steel required for the design axial force and moment is read from
the relevant design chart.
(6) The procedure is repeated until the convergence of the area steel
about the design axis.
(7) The area steel perpendicular to the design axis is read from the relevant
design chart.
(8) The procedure is repeated for each load case.
(9) The critical load case is identified as the case yielding the largest
steel area about the design axis.
Through inspection:
Load case 1 is critical.
Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the X-X axis:
At the top end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
The column is unbraced.
\ x = 1.30
Table 3.22
End fixity and bracing for bending about the Y-Y axis:
At the top end: Condition 1 (fully fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
The column is unbraced.
\ y = 1.30
Table 3.22
Effective column height:

lex = x. Lo
= 1.3 5.7
= 7.410 m
ley = y. Lo
= 1.3 5.7
= 7.410 m
Column slenderness about both axes:
lx =
=
lex
h
7.41
.3
= 24.700
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ly =
=
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ley
b
7.41
.2
= 37.050
Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity:
For bi-axial bending, it is only necessary to ensure that the eccentricity
exceeds the minimum about one axis at a time.
3.8.2.4
For the worst effect, apply the minimum eccentricity about the minor axis:
eminx = 0.05 . h
= 0.05 .3
= 0.0150 m
eminy = 0.05 . b
= 0.05 .2
= 0.0100 m
Mmin = emin. N
= .01 4.63
= 0.0463 kNm
Check if the column is slender:
3.8.1.3
lx = 24.7 > 10
ly = 37.0 > 10
\ The column is slender.
Check slenderness limit:
Lo = 5.700 m < 60b' = 12.000 m
\ Slenderness limit not exceeded.
3.8.1.7
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Initial moments:
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.2 kNm
The initial moment near mid-height of the column :
3.8.3.7
Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 0 + 0.6 .2
= 0.1200 kNm
Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 .2
= 0.0800 kNm
\ Mi 0.4M2 = 0.1 kNm

The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.3 kNm
The initial moment near mid-height of the column :
3.8.3.7
Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 0 + 0.6 .3
= 0.1800 kNm
Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 .3
= 0.1200 kNm
\ Mi 0.4M2 = 0.2 kNm
Deflection induced moments:

Design ultimate capacity of section under axial load only:
Nuz = 0.4444 . f cu. Ac +
1 . .
f y Asc
1.15
= 0.4444 25000 .06 +
1
450000 .00024
1.15
= 760.513 kN
Maximum allowable stress and strain:

Allowable compression stress in steel
3.8.3.1
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f sc =
=
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1 .
fy
1.15
1
450
1.15
= 391.304 MPa
Allowable tensile stress in steel
f st =
=
1 .
fy
1.15
1
450
1.15
= 391.304 MPa
Allowable tensile strain in steel
ey =
=
f st
Es
391.3
200000
= 0.0020
Allowable compressive strain in concrete

ec = 0.0035
For bending about the X-X axis:
Balanced neutral axis depth
xbal =
h - dcx
ey
1 +
cstrain
.3 - .02
.00196
1 +
.0035
= 0.1795 mm
At
Nbal = 0.4444 . . b . f cu. xbal + . (f sd - f s )
2
= 0.4444 .9 .2 25000 .1796 +
= 359.164 kN
.00024
(391304 - 391304 )
2
Date
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Nuz - N
Nuz - Nbal
K=
762.35 - 4.63
762.35 - 359.2
= 1.879
a =
=
1 . lex 2
2000 h
1
7.41 2
2000
.3
= 0.3050
Therefore:
Madd = N. a. K. h
= 4.63 .30505 1 .3
= 0.4237
For bending about the Y-Y axis:

Balanced neutral axis depth
xbal =
b - dcy
ey
1 +
cstrain
.2 - .02
.00196
1 +
.0035
= 0.1154 mm
Nbal = 0.4444 . . h . f cu. xbal +
At .
(f sd - f s )
2
= 0.4444 .9 .3 25000 .11546 +

= 346.345 kN
.00024
(391304 - 391304 )
2
Date
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K=
=
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Nuz - N
Nuz - Nbal
762.35 - 4.63
762.35 - 346.37
= 1.822
a =
=
1 . ley 2
2000 b
1
7.41 2
2000
.2
= 0.6864
Therefore:
Madd = N. a. K. b
= 4.63 .68635 1 .2
= 0.6356
Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 4.6 kN
For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of:
(a)
3.8.3.7
3.8.3.2
M = M2 + Madd
= .2 + .42371
= 0.6237 kNm
(d)
3.8.3.2
M = emin. N
= .015 4.63
= 0.0694 kNm
Thus
3.8.3.2
M = 0.6 kNm
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Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the X-X:
At the top, Mx = 0.6 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 0.1 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 0.0 kNm
Moments about X-X axis( kNm)
Mxtop=0.2 kNm
Mx=0.6 kNm
Mxmin=0.1 kNm
Mxadd=0.4 kNm
Mxbot=0.0 kNm
Mxadd=0.4 kNm
Initial
Additional
For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of:
(a)
Design
3.8.3.7
3.8.3.2
M = M2 + Madd
= .3 + .63556
= 0.9356 kNm
(d)
3.8.3.2
M = emin. N
= .01 4.63
= 0.0463 kNm
Thus
3.8.3.2
M = 0.9 kNm
Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the Y-Y:
At the top, My = 0.9 kNm
Near mid-height, My = 0.2 kNm
At the bottom, My = 0.0 kNm
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Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

Mytop=0.3 kNm
Mybot=0.0 kNm
Myadd=0.6 kNm
Initial
Additional
Design of column section for ULS:

Through inspection:
The critical section lies at the top end of the column.
The column is bi-axially bent. The moments are added vectorially
to obtain the design moment:
Mx/h' = 2.2 < My/b' = 5.2
The effective uniaxial design moment about the Y-Y axis:
7.
N
6
=1 - . .
b h f cu
7
4630
6
=1 .2 .3 2500104
= 0.9964
M'y = My +
. (b - dcy).
Mx
h - dcx
= .93556 +
.9964 (.2 - .02 )

.62371
.3 - .02
= 1.335 kNm
My=0.9 kNm
Mymin=0.0 kNm
Myadd=0.6 kNm
Date
Design
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For bending about the design axis:
140
130
120
6%
110
100
5%
90.0
4%
80.0
70.0
3%
60.0
50.0
2%
40.0
1%
30.0
20.0
0%
10.0
Axial load (kN)

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
-1400
Minimum reinforcement required for bending about the Y-Y axis only:
From the design chart, Asc = 245 mm = 0.41%
For bending about the design axis - use the Y-axis:
140
130
120
110
6%
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
-1400
100
5%
90.0
4%
80.0
70.0
3%
60.0
50.0
2%
40.0
1%
30.0
0%
20.0
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
10.0
Axial load (kN)
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Summary of design calculations:

Design results for all load cases:
Load case
Axis
N (kN)
DL
X-X
Y-Y
4.6
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
Y-Y
Top
0.6
0.9
1.3
245 (0.41%)
245 (0.41%)
LL
X-X
Y-Y
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
Y-Y
Top
0.2
0.2
0.3
245 (0.41%)
245 (0.41%)
DES
X-X
Y-Y
11.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
1.0
1.5
Y-Y
Top
1.2
1.9
2.6
245 (0.41%)
245 (0.41%)
Load case 1 is critical.
M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design
M (kNm) M' (kNm)
Asc (mm)

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Job Number

Rectangular column design

Design code : BS8110 - 1997

General design parameters:

Design chart for bending about the X-X axis:

Moment max = 208.1kNm @ 330 kN

Axial load (kN)

Column design chart (X-X)

Design chart for bending about the Y-Y axis:

Bending moment (kNm)

Moment max = 129.4kNm @ 330 kN

Axial load (kN)

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Check column slenderness:

Effective column height:

Column slenderness about both axes:

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check if the column is slender:

\ Mi 0.4M2 = 0.1 kNm

\ Mi 0.4M2 = 0.2 kNm

Deflection induced moments:

Nuz = 0.4444 . f cu. Ac +

= 0.4444 25000 .06 +

Maximum allowable stress and strain:

Allowable tensile strain in steel

Allowable compressive strain in concrete

For bending about the Y-Y axis:

Nbal = 0.4444 . . h . f cu. xbal +

= 0.4444 .9 .3 25000 .11546 +

Design ultimate load and moment:

Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

Design of column section for ULS:

.9964 (.2 - .02 )

For bending about the design axis:

Moment max = 129.4kNm @ 330 kN

Axial load (kN)

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Bending moment (kNm)

Moment max = 129.4kNm @ 330 kN

Axial load (kN)

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Summary of design calculations:

Load case 1 is critical.

M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design

M (kNm) M' (kNm)

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