AUTOMOBILE TRADE PRACTICE

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EXPERIMENT NO: 4
STUDY & DEMONSTRATION OF INSTRUMENTS,
POWER TOOLS, SPECIAL PURPOSE TOOLS.
POWER TOOLS
A power tool is a tool that is actuated by an additional power source and mechanism
other than the solely manual labour used with hand tools. The most common types of power
tools use electric motors. Internal combustion engines and compressed air are also commonly
used. Other power sources include steam engines, direct burning of fuels and propellants, or
even natural power sources like wind or moving water. Tools directly driven by animal power
are not generally considered power tools.

Electric Drill
A drill is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment or driving tool attachment, usually a
drill bit or driver bit, used for boring holes in various materials or fastening various materials
together with the use of fasteners. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill
and rotated while pressed against the target material. The tip, and sometimes edges, of the
cutting tool does the work of cutting into the target material. This may be slicing off thin
shavings (twist drills or auger bits), grinding off small particles (oil drilling), crushing and
removing pieces of the work piece, countersinking, counter boring, or other operations.
Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, construction and do-it-yourself
projects. Specially designed drills are also used in medicine, space missions and other
applications. Drills are available with a wide variety of performance characteristics, such as
power and capacity.

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

L.J.POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

Fig. 4.1 : Electric Drill

Fig. 4.2 : Electric

Sander

Fig. 4.3 : Pneumatic

Sander

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Random Orbital Sander OR Buffer

Random orbit sanders, also called Dual-Action or D.A. sanders are hand-held power
sanders where the action is a random orbit. It can be work using Electric Power Supply or
Pneumatic Power Supply.
The random orbit sanding pattern is produced by simultaneously spinning the sanding
disk and moving it in an ellipse. This ensures that no single part of the abrasive material travels
the same path twice. Because of this unique random sanding action, the tool does not leave
swirl marks, and is not sensitive to the direction of the wood grain.
This makes it useful when sanding two pieces of wood that meet at right angles.
Random-orbital sanders use sandpaper disks, and many include integrated dust collectors.
Disks are attached using either pressure-sensitive adhesives or a hook-and-loop system. On
models equipped with a dust collection feature, a vacuum effect sucks sanding dust through
holes in the paper and pad, feeding it to a bag or canister.

Pneumatic Bolt Tightening Gun

A pneumatic bolt tightening gun is air powered tool or pneumatic powered tool is one
type of power tools, driven by compressed air, supplied by an air compressor, one type of gas
compressors. It can be also driven by compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) stored in small cylinders
allowing for portability. Pneumatic tools are safer to run and maintain than their electric power
tool counterparts, as well as having a higher power-to-weight ratio, allowing a smaller, lighter
tool to accomplish the same task. This tool easy to use for bolt tightening by using any type of
box-spanner.

Pneumatic Torque Wrench

A pneumatic torque wrench is a planetary torque multiplier or a gearbox that is mated to
a pneumatic air motor. At the end of the gearbox is a reaction device that is used to absorb
the torque and allows the tool operator to use it with very little effort. The torque output is
adjusted by controlling the air pressure.
These planetary torque multiplier gearboxes have multiplication ratios up to 4000:1 and
are primarily used anywhere accurate torque is required on a nut and bolt, or where a stubborn
nut needs to be removed.
The pneumatic torque wrench is sometimes confused with a standard impact wrench,
due to their similar appearance. A pneumatic torque wrench is driven by continuous gearing,
and not by the Hammers of an impacting wrench. A pneumatic torque wrench has very little
vibration, and excellent repeatability and accuracy.
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

L.J.POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

Fig. 4.4 : Pneumatic Bolt Tightening Gun

Fig. 4.5 :
Pneumatic Torque
Wrench

AUTOMOBILE TRADE PRACTICE

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Paint Spray Gun

Spray painting is a painting technique where a device sprays a coating through the air
onto a surface. The most common types employ compressed gasusually airto atomize and
direct the paint particles. Spray guns evolved from airbrushes, and the two are usually
distinguished by their size and the size of the spray pattern they produce. Airbrushes are handheld and used instead of a brush for detailed work such as photo retouching, painting nails or
fine art. Air gun spraying uses equipment that is generally larger.
It is typically used for covering large surfaces with an even coating of liquid. Spray guns
can be either automated or hand-held and have interchangeable heads to allow for different
spray patterns. Usually its two types one is Suction type and another is Gravitational type gun,
its also known as pneumatic paint spray gun.

Pneumatic or Electric File

File is a tool which having abrasive thread or shape on its surface. It is used to remove
small amounts of material from surfaces, either to make them smoother for example, in
painting and wood finishing, to remove a layer of material such as old paint, or sometimes to
make the surface rougher for example, as a preparation to gluing. We can operate by Hand or
its run by pneumatic or electric power.

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

L.J.POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

Fig. 4.6 : Suction

type spray gun

Fig. 4.7 : Gravity

type spray gun

Fig. 4.8 : Electric File

Fig. 4.9 : Pneumatic File

AUTOMOBILE TRADE PRACTICE

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SPECIAL PURPOSE TOOLS

Special-purpose tools are designed to perform special operations.

Brake Lathe
A brake lathe is an efficient tool for curing noise and vibration problems, often
prolonging the life of brake systems. Basically, brake lathes correct thickness variations on the
rotor, a common condition caused either by one of two things.
There are two types of brake lathes. An on-car lathe often does a reliable job, because
it's installed in the same position as the brake calliper, basically mimicking the movement of the
wheel with regard to the car's calibrations. This provides the most accurate resurfacing
possible. For an off-car lathe, or bench lathe, the rotor is removed from the car and mounted to
the lathe. This type of lathe relies more on its own alignment, which is easily thrown out of spec
from damage or frequent use. At best, a misaligned lathe will provide merely acceptable
resurfacing; at worst, it might score or damage the rotor beyond the point it can be resurfaced.

Boring Machine
In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled (or
cast), by means of a single-point cutting tool or of a boring head containing several such tools,
for example as in boring a gun barrel or an engine cylinder. Boring is used to achieve greater
accuracy of the diameter of a hole, and can be used to cut a tapered hole. Boring can be viewed
as the internal-diameter counterpart to turning, which cuts external diameters.
There are various types of boring. The boring bar may be supported on both ends which
only works if the existing hole is a through hole, or it may be supported at one end which works
for both through holes and blind holes. Line boringimplies the former. Back boring (back boring,
back-boring) is the process of reaching through an existing hole and then boring on the "back"
side of the work piecerelative to the machine headstock.
Because of the limitations on tooling design imposed by the fact that the work piece
mostly surrounds the tool, boring is inherently somewhat more challenging than turning, in
terms of decreased tool holding rigidity, increased clearance angle requirements limiting the
amount of support that can be given to the cutting edge, and difficulty of inspection of the
resulting surface size, form, surface roughness. These are the reasons why boring is viewed as
an area of machining practice in its own right, separate from turning, with its own tips, tricks,
challenges, and body of expertise, despite the fact that they are in some ways identical.
Boring and turning have abrasive counterparts in internal and external cylindrical
grinding. Each process is chosen based on the requirements and parameter values of a
particular application.
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

L.J.POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

Fig. 4.10 : Brake Lathe

Fig. 4.11 : Boring Machine