FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECNOLOGY

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

HVAC MODELLING AND ANALYSIS (BETH 3583)

ASSIGNMENT ROOFTOP UNIT (2)

NAME

: MUHAMAD AZRI IZUDIN BIN MOHD ZABERI

MATRIC NO

: B071310664

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR : EN MUHAMMAD NUR BIN OTHMAN

SEMESTER

:6

SESSION

: 2015/2016

SUBMITED ON

: 22/4/2016

1.0

FUNCTION

A rooftop unit employed to serve a single zone is traditionally controlled by a multistage heatingcooling thermostat mounted in the zone and wired back to the unit. A rooftop unit is a packaged
air handler. The three main operational functions of a rooftop unit are its supply fan, its method
of cooling, and its method of heating. The supply fans function is to draw air through the
rooftop units heating and cooling sections and deliver it to the space served.

2.0

LOCATION

Roof top unit is an Air Conditioning unit installed outdoor and one kind of deck unit but cooling
medium of condensing unit is air not water. Therefore, comparing to water cooled type deck unit,
site installation is much easier. It mainly applies to cabins where cooling water pipes are difficult
to reach such as wheelhouse or midship, shipbow. Roof top unit is usually installed on top of
wheelhouse or open decks.

3.0

REFRIGERANT USED

According to some research, the refrigerant that are used are depending to the compressor and
manufacture. The most common type compressor used for rooftop unit are semi-hermetic
reciprocating type compressor. The refrigerant used are :
a)
b)
c)
d)

4.0

R404A
R407c
R417A
R134a

SUB COMPONENTS

Components

1
.

Compressor

2
.

Blower

3
.

Condenser

4
.
Air Handler Unit

function
An air compressor is a device that converts power into
potential energy stored in pressurized air. By one of several
methods, an air compressor forces more and more air into
a storage tank, increasing the pressure. When tank pressure
reaches its upper limit the air compressor shuts off. The
compressed air, then, is held in the tank until called into
use. The energy contained in the compressed air can be
used for a variety of applications, utilizing the kinetic
energy of the air as it is released and the tank
depressurizes. When tank pressure reaches its lower limit,
the air compressor turns on again and re-pressurizes the
tank
blowers are machines whose primary function is to provide
a large flow of air or gas to various processes of many
industries. This is achieved by rotating a number of blades,
connected to a hub and shaft, and driven by a motor or
turbine. The flow rates of these fans range from
approximately 200 to 2,000,000 cubic feet per minute. A
blower is another name for a fan that operates where the
resistance to the flow is primarily on the downstream side
of the fan.
condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance
from its gaseous to its liquid state, by cooling it. In so
doing, the latent heat is given up by the substance, and will
transfer to the condenser coolant. Condensers are typically
heat exchangers which have various designs and come in
many sizes ranging from rather small to very large
industrial-scale units used in plant processes. For example,
a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted
from the interior of the unit to the outside air. Condensers
are used in air conditioning, industrial chemical processes
such as distillation, steam power plants and other heatexchange systems. Use of cooling water or surrounding air
as the coolant is common in many condensers.
An air handler, or air handling unit is a device used to
regulate and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating,
and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. An air handler is
usually a large metal box containing a blower, heating or
cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound
attenuators, and dampers.Air handlers usually connect to a
ductwork ventilation system that distributes the
conditioned air through the building and returns it to the

AHU. Sometimes AHUs discharge (supply) and admit

(return) air directly to and from the space served without
ductwork.
The goal of a cooling coil is to cool and/or dehumidify an
air stream by passing the air stream over a finned set of
tubes that have cooler glycol (or similar liquid) flowing
through them. In principle the exact same physical heat
exchanger can be used to heat an air stream.

5
.
Cooling coil
5.0

MAINTENANCE

Customers are always told that the unit will fail to function, not work properly and waste energy
if preventive maintenance is not performed. Yet, year after year, customers still neglect to
perform preventive maintenance. It has been made worse by the economy because customers
attempt to save money by not performing necessary (and sometimes costly) maintenance. It is up
to skilled technicians to sell them on the benefits of preventive maintenance. Rooftop units are
no different than any other piece of equipment. It is always best to follow the manufacturers
instructions. Below is the example of the preventive maintenance checklist :-

Diagram shows the preventive maintenance schedule

The things or components that you must keep it at good condition are :

1) Change Filters, Belts Regularly

Change out filters every season and encourage building owners or tenants to change the
air filters inside the building between services.

2) Keep the Coil Clean

To help keep a unit running in peak condition, many contractors recommended cleaning
the condensing coil on every visit.

3) Consider UV
In addition to using recommended cleaners, ultraviolet (UV) lights can also be installed
on units to help keep the coil clean between scheduled maintenance visits. UV lights are
going to help with molds and things like that.

6.0

SCHEMATIC DRAWING
RLD-1

L-1.1
RRLF-1

OD -1

L-1.2
RD-1

MERV 8
F-1

HC-1

RTU-1

CC-1

SF-1

MERV 8

0 CFM
48/0"

36F
36F
OD-1

L-1.2

85.5F

0 CFM
0 IN. H2O

85.5F
HC-1

CC-1
SF-1

F-1
RD-1

0 CFM
48/0"

0 CFM
0 IN. H2O

RLD-1

L-1.1

RRLF-1

72F, 50%

SPC-1
RLD-1

OD -1

L-1.1

L-1.2

RRLF-1

R D-1

MERV 8
F-1

SF-1

CC-1

RTU-1
MERV 8

0 CFM
48/0"

85.5F

0 CFM
0 IN. H2O

85.5F
L-1.2

OD-1

CC-1
F-1

SF-1

RD-1

0 CFM
48/0"

L-1.1

0 CFM
0 IN. H2O

72F, 50%

SPC-1

RLD-1

RRLF-1

O D-1

L-1.1

RLD-1

L-1.2

RLF-1

RD-1

MERV 8
F-1

SF-1

CC-1

RTU-1
MERV 8

0 CFM
48/0"

85.5F

0 CFM
0 IN. H2O

85.5F
OD-1

L-1.2

CC-1
SF-1

F-1
RD-1

0 CFM
48/0"

72F, 50%

0 CFM
0 IN. H2O

SPC-1

RLD-1

L-1.1

RLF-1
RLD -1

OD- 1

MERV 8

0 CFM
48/0"
MERV 8
F-1

RD-1

RRLF-1

CC-1

0 CFM
0 IN. H2O
85.5F

SF-1

85.5F

85.5F

85.5F

TG-1

OD-1

L-2
AH-1
8/19/84"

F-1

CC-1

SF-1

RD-1

0 CFM
48/0"

0 CFM
0 IN. H2O

72F, 50%

CV - TG-1

?F

BV-TG-1

0 BTU/H
0 GPM

JT P-1

SPC-1

RLD-1

L-1

?F

TG-1

RRLF-1

CV -C C-1

JT P-2

0 BTU/H
0 GPM

CC-1

AV - 1

?F

BV-CC-1

?F
JTP- 5

JTP -4

JTP- 6

JTP -3

AS-1
0 GPM
0 FT
M PV -2

P-2

1.5 GAL
V -2

AV - 2

180F
0 BTU/H 140F
0 GPM

0 GPM
0 FT
V -1

ET-1

B-1

?F

P-1

JTP -8

JTP -7

AS-2

MPV -1

0 BTU/H
0 TONS
0 GPM

CN-1

0 GPM
0 FT
MP V-P-3

P-3

6.6 GAL
V -3

?F
44F
42F

CH-1

ET-2

7.0

ADVANCE VS CONVENTIONAL ROOFTOP UNIT

Advance rooftop unit

1.

Conventional rooftop unit

The advanced design rooftop HVAC unit

Standard commercial rooftop HVAC units
offers improved energy performance over capture most of the market for this
the typical commercial rooftop unit (RTU) technology.
by enhancing the performance of
individual components and
configurations.

Identified 36 features related to the

following areas: economizer section, fan
and unit cooling efficiency, refrigerant
type, fan and refrigeration control,
thermostats and sensors, serviceability,
and diagnostics and monitoring.

The standard units do not compete in terms

of energy efficiency, lifespan, or
maintainability; however, they are
significantly less expensive.

3.

An advanced design rooftop HVAC unit

can cost two to three times as much as a
standard commercial-quality rooftop
HVAC unit, depending on which of the
enhancements are included.

A conventional rooftop unit uses forwardcurved, belt-driven fans. It use sturdier,

direct-drive, backward-curved plenum fans.
The direct drive feature provides energy
savings associated with not having a belt, so
no belt energy loss or belt noise.

4.

The advanced controllers provided a

reduction in normalized annual RTU
energy consumption between 22% and
90%, with the average being 57% for all
RTUs.

With compressors on conventional rooftop

units, there will be a couple of stages of
cooling capacity. There may be a single
compressor that you can turn on or turn off,
or it may have a couple of different stages,
or there may be two compressors.

2.