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Numbers Patterns and Sequences
Numbers Patterns and Sequences
Numbers Patterns and Sequences
Worked Example
Describe the pattern of each of the following sequences
(a) 24, 20, 16, 12, 8,..
(b) 1, 3, 9, 27, 81,...
(c) 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,..
Solution
B) Completing a Sequence
To complete a sequence, first identify the number pattern.
Worked example
Solution
C) Constructing a Sequence
A sequencecan be formed if the pattern is given.
Worked Example
Construct a five - number sequence for each of
the following.
(a) Starting with 7, add 6 to the number before it.
(b) Starting with 2, multiply the number before it by 4.
(c) Starting with 6 250, divide the number before it by 5.
Solution
(c) 44
(b) 60
(d) 95
Solution
(a) Odd number
Solution
PRIME NUMBERS
A) Determining Prime Numbers
1. A prime number is a whole number that can only
be divided by itself and 1.
2. Thus, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,... are prime numbers.
3. The first prime number is 2.
4. To determine whether a given number is a prime number, carry out the following steps.
Steps 1: Divide the given number by prime numbers whose squares are less than it.
Steps 2: If the given number cannot be divided exactly by all the prime numbers, than it is a
prime number.
Worked example
Determine whether each of the following is a prime numbers or not.
(a) 45
Solution
(b) 73
Worked example
List all the prime numbers between 30 and 60.
Solution
Write down all the odd numbers between 30
and 60 and then cross out all the numbers divisible
by 3, 5, 7.
31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55,
57, 59
Therefore, the prime numbers between 30 and
60 are 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53 and 59.
Worked example
Find the sum of all the prime numbers which are less than 10.
Solution
Prime numbers which are less than 10 are 2, 3, 5 and 7.
MULTIPLES
A) Listing the Multiples of a number
1. The multiple of a number is the product of that number
and another non-zero whole number.
For example:(a) Multiples of 4
= 4 x 1, 4 x 2, 4 x 3, 4 x 4, 4 x 5,...
= 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,...
(b) First five multiples of 9
= 9 x 1, 9 x 2, 9 x 3, 9 x 4, 9 x 5
= 9, 18, 27, 36, 45,...
2. A number is amultiple of itself and 1.
For example:7 is a multiple of 7 and 1 since
7 = 7 x 1 and 7 = 1 x 7.
Worked example
List the first five multiples of
(a) 8
(b)140
Solution
(a) First five multiples of 8
= 8 x 1, 8 x 2, 8 x 3, 8 x 4, 8 x 5
= 8, 16, 24, 32, 40
B) Determining Multiples
1. If whole number p is divisible by whole number q,
then p is the multiple of q.
For example:15, 20, and 25 are all divisible by 5. Therefore, 15, 20
and 25 are all multiples of 5.
2. Below are simple tests of divisibility by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10 and 11.
Worked example
Determine whether 592 is a multiple of
(a) 2,
(b) 3,
(c) 4.
Solution
(a) 592 is an even number and therefore divisible by 2.
Therefore, 592 is a multiple of 2.
Check : 592 2 = 296
(b) Sum of the digits of 592
=5+9+2
= 16
16 3 = 5 remainder 1
Therefore, 592 is not a multiple of 3.
Solution
Multiples of 2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,...
Multiples of 4 = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,...
Multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20,...
Therefore, common multiples of 2, 4 and 5 than are less than 100.
= ( 20 x 1 ), ( 20 x 2 ), ( 20 x 3 ), ( 20 x 4 )
= 20, 40, 60, 80
2.6 FACTORS
A) Determining the factors of a number
1. A factor of a given number is the number that
can divide exactly the given number.
For example:(a) 9 is divisible by 1, 3 and 9.
Therefore, 1, 3 and 9 are factors of 9.
(b) 12 is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.
Therefore, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 are factors of 12.
2.To determine whether a number is a factor of a given number, the test of divisibility can
also be used.
Worked example
Determine whether 9 is a factor of the
following numbers.
(a) 144
(b) 322
Solution
(a)
(b)
PRIME FACTORS
A) Determine the Prime Factors
The prime factor of a number is the prime
number that is also a factor of that number.
For example:Factor of 6 = 1, 2, 3, and 6
Among the factors, 2 and 3 are prime numbers.
Therefore, 2 and 3 are the prime factors of 6.
Worked Example
Determine which of the following are prime
factors of 84.
(a) 3
(b) 21
Solution
(a) 84 3 = 28; 3 is a prime number.
Therefore, 3 is a prime factor of 84.
(b) 84 21 = 4 but 21 is not a prime number.
Therefore, 21 is not a prime factor of 84.
Solution
Method 1 :
Factors of 54 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 54
Therefore, the prime factors of 54 are
2 and 3.
Method 2 :