Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Internal Security PDF
Internal Security PDF
Internal Security
www.iasscore.in
www.iasscore.in
Notes
Contents
OROP
Racism / Discrimination
www.iasscore.in
Notes
www.iasscore.in
Notes
2.
Wheeled Guns
a.
b.
The Ministrys response, the Committee has said, gives false hope
that ammunition levels in the Army are as per the authorized strategic
Artillery Profile 2027. The Committee has asked the Ministry to
provide details of the programme, and to step up efforts to adhere to
timelines.
Missiles
a.
3.
4.
Rifles
a.
b.
Manpower
a.
b.
www.iasscore.in
c.
5.
6.
Lack of Funds
a.
The Defence Ministry has noted the lack of funds as one of the
reasons behind porous pockets along the India-Myanmar border.
b.
The Ministry, in its reply to the Standing Committee, has said that
non-allotment of funds to the Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
resulted in only 4.5 km of the proposed 15.73 km fence along the
border being completed.
c.
d.
IAF Trainer
a.
2.
It has ended the paralysis on arms acquisition and put greater emphasis
on creating a defence industrial base.
3.
4.
5.
He has also taken the surgeons knife to the DRDO. After sacking the
DRDO chief earlier, Parrikar has separated the posts of DRDO chief and
scientific advisor to the defence minister.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
6.
For the first time since Indira Gandhi brought a young scientist, V.S.
Arunachalam, to head the DRDO in the early 1980s, Parrikar has injected
younger blood into leadership positions.
Notes
OROP
1.
2.
b.
It also implies bridging the gap between the rate of pension of the
current pensioners and the past pensioners, and also future
enhancements in the rate of pension to be automatically passed on
to the past pensioners.
OROP was the basis for determining the pension and benefits ofIndian
Armed Forcestill 1973, when it was terminated by the Indian Ministry
of Defence (MOD).
b.
c.
d.
e.
www.iasscore.in
3.
4.
5.
b.
c.
If OROP is accepted for the Armed Forces, then there will be similar
demands from the civilian pensioners,
d.
Arguments in Favor of it
a.
b.
To the argument that there will be similar demands from the civilian
pensioners,Koshyari Committee argued that civilian terms and
conditions of service are not comparable with military conditions
which are tougher and harsher (risk to life, adverse family life).
After retirement they have a limited job opportunity.
c.
Demand of OROP for armed forces has been considered time and
again by various committees of the Government and Central Pay
Commissions. This shows the merit in demand.
d.
Its a cause of disquiet in the Armed Forces, who are already critical
of govt. for their low salaries.
e.
f.
g.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
6.
b.
c.
d.
Notes
b.
c.
For their part, the defence production agencies, major parts of which are
owned by the government, appear to be happy manufacturing, while the
technology for it is not in their control. Consequently, the focus of
producing defence equipment in-house and achieving true self-reliance
loses focus and India ultimately ends up importing.
www.iasscore.in
d.
b.
Consequently, when the acquisition process begins, it is often too late for
the R&D and production agencies to offer a solution. To overcome this
difficulty, the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister, in a
report of September 2013, had recommended that it would be useful to
convert the LTIPP into a defence manufacturing and R&D plan. More
significantly, the advisory council had suggested that the conversion should
be undertaken by a joint working group involving all important stakeholders
including the Indian industry and R&D establishments. This vital
recommendation does not seem to have received the required attention of
the policy makers. Since much of the success of MII lies in translating the
long term requirement of the armed forces into technological and industrial
outputs, it is high time that the government comes out with a detailed
plan for the industry and R&D agencies at the earliest. The plan, in order
to be successful, must identify specific projects that would be executed by
local agencies.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
DRDO has been beset with many a problem leading to failures and cost
and time overruns in the projects undertaken. This, combined with lack
of R&D in industry and academia, has compelled the country to source
technology from outside, leading to a vicious cycle where initial imports
lead to further imports.
b.
c.
In order to expand its R&D base, India also needs to have an institution
similar to DARPA. For this to happen there is need to look beyond the
DRDO. The Scientific Advisor to Raksha Mantri (SA to RM) who is also
Secretary, Defence Research & Development and Director General DRDO,
should be relieved of his daily duties at the DRDO and given a role like
that of the head of DARPA or OCS with a dedicated R&D fund at his
disposal. This will not only create a healthy competition between DRDO
labs and other agencies, but also lead to more innovation.
Notes
Although the Indian defence industry was opened to the private sector in
2001, the latter is yet to contribute in any meaningful manner. The biggest
hindrance in the private sectors participation so far has been mistrust.
When it comes to big contracts, procedural hurdles come in the way,
making it virtually impossible for the private sector to get into complex
defence manufacturing. Moreover, single source procurement from the
private sector is still considered a taboo, whereas import without
competition is greatly admired.
b.
For the MII to succeed there is a need to change the mind-set and treat
the private sector as an equal partner. This can only be demonstrated by
awarding big contracts, preferably through the Make and Buy and Make
(Indian) procurement categories, which hold the key to the success of the
private sectors participation in defence production. For the government,
it is imperative to announce a list of contracts which can be awarded
under these two categories.
www.iasscore.in
b.
Apart from the above, Indian industry also suffers from prevailing taxes
and duties, which offer virtually no incentive for any local company to
undertake defence production.
b.
Convert the Long Term Integrated Perspective Plan (LTIPP) of the Indian
armed forces into a defence manufacturing and R&D plan, to be executed
by local entities.
c.
10
Notes
www.iasscore.in
d.
e.
Treat the private sector as an equal partner and expedite big-ticket contracts
to be awarded to them under the Make and Buy and Make (Indian)
procurement categories.
f.
g.
Notes
Conclusion
As per the official estimate of the MoD, India is likely to spend around $130
billion on defence modernisation in the coming seven-to-eight years. While
this makes India one of the largest defence markets in the world, the opportunity
it offers should be fully exploited for the benefit of local industry. This will not
only improve Indias self-reliance in defence production but will have a multiplier
effect on the wider economy. The government must ensure that the local
industry is geared and incentivised enough to rise up to the expectations and
make the governments Make in India initiative a success story.
2.
b.
c.
These armed forces are immune from prosecution unless Union Government
provides sanction to the prosecuting agencies.
3.
At present the act has been in place in 2 regions (i) some areas of J&K
and (ii) North east (except Sikkim and Tripura ).
4.
5.
6.
a.
b.
11
www.iasscore.in
b.
i.
In J&K, toll has come down from 4,500 in 2001 to 40 till May
2015.
ii.
In NE, death toll has reduced from 717 in 2005 to 122 in 2015.
ii.
Union govt. hasnt prosecuted the armed forces for human right
abuses done in J&K (amnesty international report in July 2015)
c.
d.
ii.
2.
12
b.
c.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
Background
a.
b.
c.
2.
3.
4.
Notes
a.
b.
c.
d.
ii.
Solution
a.
Security measures
i.
ii.
ii.
Overview
a.
13
www.iasscore.in
b.
2.
ii.
3.
a.
b.
AP governemnt argued that they were not against Indian citizenship for
Chakmas and Hajongs, but objected to their permanent settlement in
Arunachal.
4.
a.
b.
c.
14
Present Status
a.
b.
Rail connectivity is poor. E.g. Meghalaya got its first rail connectivity
in 2014; capitals of Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Sikkim are
still off the map.
c.
d.
ii.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
2.
3.
4.
Reasons
Notes
a.
b.
c.
Ignored by media.
d.
Consequences
a.
b.
c.
d.
Poor border roads will ensure delays supply to our armed personnel
guarding the NE borders.
Solution
a.
b.
ii.
b.
c.
d.
e.
In April 2015 Govt. announced a direct daily air flight from Delhi
to Dimapur in Nagaland via Kolkata.
15
www.iasscore.in
2.
b.
c.
3.
a.
These bills along with ILP will control the flow of non-Manipuri to
the State.
b.
The situation in Manipur has turned volatile as the enactment of bills was
criticized on following ground
4.
a.
Hill tribes (Kukis, Mizos and Chins) who feel that they will identified
as outsiders/refugees as they came to Manipur after 1951 or their
lineage may not meet the list of criteria set out in the Bills.
b.
c.
d.
Since starting, the Hill tribes have remained backward relative to the
Imphal Valley districts. Govt. has done little to improve their
conditions, thus its natural for them to migrate down.
i.
Way Forward
a.
b.
All this has increased the enmity between hills and valley tribes and
thus will renew the militancy.
2.
16
Background
a.
b.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
3.
4.
Details of Accord Although exact details of the accord are not out, but
following has been reported through media and experts
a.
b.
c.
Notes
Critical Analysis:
Benefits
a.
ii.
b.
Accord has been signed with the strongest insurgent group, the NSCN
(IM) which moreover has demonstrated representation across tribes.
Rival group NSCN (K) is on decline.
c.
d.
It shows the flexibility and realism of the NSCN (IM) to alter goals.
e.
Challenges
a.
b.
c.
ii.
d.
e.
5.
Way forward
a.
17
www.iasscore.in
b.
i.
ii.
ii.
2.
Racism / Discrimination
1.
2.
Ways of discrimination
3.
4.
a.
b.
c.
Considered as foreigners
b.
c.
Legal Aspect
i.
ii.
18
Notes
www.iasscore.in
b.
5.
Education
i.
ii.
c.
d.
Sports
i.
ii.
Notes
b.
Under the Ishan Vikas scheme, select students will be taken to the
IITs, the NITs for internship.
2.
b.
Arguments for it
a.
Manipuri (esp. Meiteis living in valley) fear that like in Tripura, they
too will too become a minority in their land due to influx of outsiders
who are buying their Ancestral land.
i.
3.
b.
c.
d.
One-sixth of the total area of Manipur has been leased out for oil
exploration and drilling to international oil majors without sharing of
benefits with them.
These concerns are understandable, but does the solution lie in the ILP?
a.
19
www.iasscore.in
b.
c.
ii.
20
Notes
www.iasscore.in
TERRORISM
Doctrine of Hot Pursuit
1.
2.
Notes
The Geneva Convention on the High Seas was eventually folded into
theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Article 111 of the
latter treaty grants a coastal state the right to pursue and arrest ships
escaping tointernational waters, as long as:
a.
b.
They have good reason to believe that the pursued ship has violated
the states laws or regulations;
c.
d.
4.
5.
The right of hot pursuit ceases as soon as the ship pursued enters the
territorial sea of a foreign state.
6.
7.
8.
21
www.iasscore.in
Critical Analysis
1.
It was in news when in June 2015 after Indian army crossed into Myanmar
territory to raid NSCN (Khaplang) camps without Myanmars consent.
Now this led to a debate on the issue.
2.
Arguments in favor
3.
4.
22
a.
b.
c.
d.
These terror outfits are taking benefits of the border i.e. after
conducting strikes they went back to Myanmar knowing that Indian
forces wont cross the border. In this asymmetric warfare, they dont
have an option.
e.
Arguments Against
a.
The doctrine of hot pursuit lacks legal validity on land. It has validity
only in high seas. This doctrine has been codified only for navy to
cross international waters under United Nations Convention on the
Law of the Sea). But no such doctrine has been codified for state
to pursue criminals crossing land border.
b.
c.
It will set a bad precedent as other countries can also start using
it to cross border.
d.
If Myanmar had done the same vis--vis India then how would we
have reacted?
e.
f.
Way forward
a.
b.
c.
d.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
Notes
Status
1.
Status: Repealed
2.
3.
4.
POTA, 2002Prevention
of Terrorism Act, 2002
NSA, 1980
UAPA, 1967
Details:
It was in force between 1985 and 1995 under the background ofPunjab
insurgencyand was applied to whole of India.
Status: Repealed
Details:
The act was enacted due to several terrorist attacks that took place in
India especially the attack on theParliament.
This law was enacted to provide for more effective prevention of certain
unlawful activities of individuals and associations and for matters
connected with it.
23
www.iasscore.in
2.
3.
a.
b.
c.
Arguments in favor
Law commission in its 173rd report and 2nd ARC have recommended the
enactment on the following grounds
a.
Human rights are important but the 1st priority is to ensure sovereignty
and territorial integrity of nation which is under threat due to LWE/
terrorism (esp. rise of IS; Indian youth is joining IS).
b.
c.
d.
SC in the past has observed that Potential to misuse is not an excuse for
denying the power to agencies.
e.
f.
At present we have only UAPA specifically for dealing with terrorism but
it also has some limitations like doesnt provide for Special courts. Enhanced
powers of investigation and Provisions regarding confessions made before
police officers.
g.
Also the present laws are not sufficient to deal with the linkages of
organized crime and terrorism.
h.
i.
Under MCOCA and GCTOC, there are several safeguards for the citizen
- Permission of a Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG)/Additional
24
Notes
www.iasscore.in
4.
Way forward
a.
b.
Enact a law by reconciling the 2 (i) Security and (ii) Human rights.
c.
ii.
Notes
v.
Protection of witnesses,
2.
It is the 4th attempt by Gujarat to pass the bill. In the past it has been
rejected thrice by president due to its controversial provisions. Even the
present bill has been criticized on following grounds
a.
25
www.iasscore.in
3.
26
b.
c.
d.
e.
b.
c.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
NAXALISM (LWE)
Development and its Linkages with Extremism
Notes
2.
3.
b.
c.
In this background, over the last few months, the Central government has
initiated a series of steps like:
a.
b.
c.
PM in his visit to Bastar rightly said that if Punjab can be free from
terror, then why not bastar. On his visit to bastar region in May
2015, PM inaugurated 2 projects with an estimated investment of
Rs. 24,000 crore in bastar region. These were Mega steel plant at
village dilmili in dantewada and Extension of 140 km rowghat
jagdalpur railway line (2nd phase).
27
www.iasscore.in
28
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
2.
They argue that this will be a peaceful movement. They will do the
following i.e. Undertake padyatra to spread awareness against Maoism and
Undertake development work.
3.
When asked by its leaders that can it be called as Salwa Judum part-2,
they replied in affirmative.
4.
About Salwa judum It was an anti-Maoist militia which was blamed for
large scale forcible displacement of Bastar Tribals and extra-judicial
killings. In 2011, SC declared it illegal and unconstitutional and ordered
its disbandment.
5.
b.
c.
d.
Mahendra Karma launched the Salwa Judum in 2005 as a counterinsurgency measure to tackle the Maoist threat. Large-scale human
rights violations and the displacement of tribals followed at the
hands of the state-supported Salwa Judum. In 2007, a group of
petitioners approached the SC to challenge the legality of the
appointment of tribals as SPOs and highlight the violations committed
by it. The court held that the states policy of appointing
undertrained and ill-equipped tribals to combat the Maoists was an
extreme transgression of the Constitution particularly the right
to equal treatment and the right to life.
e.
Notes
29
www.iasscore.in
6.
f.
g.
Concluding Remark
a.
b.
In May 2015, Kerala HC freed Shyama Balakrishnan, who had been picked
up in 2014 on suspicion of being a Maoist, saying that being a Maoist
is not a crime i.e., it is legal to be a Maoist as long as no laws are broken.
2.
b.
30
It also said that it was a basic human right for people to have
aspirations. It has said that the concept of membership ought to be
read in the light of freedom and rights.
Notes
www.iasscore.in
c.
While granting bail to Binayak Sen in April 2011, the SC said that
he may be a Maoist sympathizer and possessed some material on
that ideology, but that could not automatically make him guilty of
sedition. If the state could not prove that Sen had propagated the
ideology or acted in collusion with Naxalites, even meeting a hardcore
Naxalite such as Narayan Sanyal in jail was not enough to prosecute
him, the court said. Could a person be called a Gandhian merely for
possessing a biography of Gandhi, the SC asked.
Notes
In fact, the ongoing conflict has claimed at least one life every single day
over a 35-year period beginning 1980. The total body count, as on June
30, 2013, stood at 19,327, according to information obtained under the
Right to Information Act.
Latest data compiled by the Ministry of Home Affairs adds another 685
fatalities to the record taking the total tally to 20,012 as on March 30,
2015. As many as 12,146 civilians lost their lives to LWE-related violence
across the country during this period for which official data is available.
During this period, 4,761 extremists and 3,105 security personnel were
killed. That adds up to about two security personnel dying for every three
extremists killed.
The year 2010 was the bloodiest of this insurgency, leading to the death
of 1,177 persons over 60 per cent of them civilians. The year saw the
horrific Dantewada ambush that led to the death of 75 CRPF men and
one Chhattisgarh police constable, the Gyaneshwari Express derailment,
the Dantewada bus bombing and the Silda camp attack in Midnapore
among other incidents.
In fact, the six years from 2005 to 2010 were the bloodiest in the entire
two-decade timeline, with the reported death of 5,916 persons.
31