An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take

off and land. Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport. An airport consists of at least one
surface such as a runway for a plane to take off and land, a helipad, or water
for takeoffs and landings, and often includes buildings such as control
towers, hangars andterminal buildings.
Larger airports may have fixed base operator services,seaplane docks and ramps, air traffic
control, passenger facilities such as restaurants and lounges, and emergency services.
A military airport is known as an airbase or air station.
A water airport is a water aerodrome (an area of open water used regularly by seaplanes
or amphibious aircraft for landing and taking off), usually with passenger facilities on adjacent
land, which acts as an airport.
A domestic airport is an airport which handles only domestic flights or flights within the
same country. Domestic airports do not have customs and immigration facilities and are
therefore incapable of handling flights to or from a foreign airport.
These airports normally have short runways which are sufficient to handle short/medium
haulaircraft and regional air traffic.[citation needed] They have in many countries not had any security
check / metal detector, but such checks have been added in recent years.
Most municipal airports in Canada and the United States are of this classification. Atinternational
airports in Canada, there are domestic terminals that handle flights within Canada (flying from
one Canadian city to another).
An international airport is an airport that can accommodate international flights. They are
typically equipped with customs and immigration facilities. Such airports are usually larger, and
often feature longer runways and facilities to accommodate the large aircraft commonly used for
international or intercontinental travel. International airports often also host domestic
flights (flights which occur within the country), to serve travellers to and from these regions of
the country.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is an international industry trade

group of airlines headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where the International Civil
Aviation Organization is also headquartered. The executive offices are at the Geneva
Airport in Switzerland.
IATA's mission is to represent, lead, and serve the airline industry. IATA represents some 240
airlines comprising 84% of scheduled international air traffic.[1] The Director General and Chief
Executive Officer is Tony Tyler. Currently, IATA is present in over 150 countries covered
through 101 offices around the globe.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), pronounced /akeo/,

(French:Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale, OACI), is a specialized agency of
the United Nations. It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and
fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly
growth. Its headquarters are located in the Quartier International of Montreal, Quebec,Canada.
The ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air navigation, its
infrastructure, flight inspection, prevention of unlawful interference, and facilitation of bordercrossing procedures for international civil aviation. In addition, the ICAO defines the protocols
for air accident investigation followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to
the Convention on International Civil Aviation, commonly known as the Chicago Convention.

Timatic is the database containing cross border passenger documentation requirements. It is used
by airlines to determine whether a passenger can be carried, as well as by airlines and travel
agents to provide this information to travellers at the time of booking. This is critical for airlines
due to fines levied by immigration authorities every time a passenger is carried who does not
have the correct travel documentation.[1]
The information contained in Timatic covers:[1]
1. Passport requirements and recommendations
2. Visa requirements and recommendations
3. Health requirements and recommendations
4. Airport Tax to be paid by the traveller at either departure or arrival airport
5. Customs regulations relating to import/export of goods and small pets by a passenger
6. Currency regulations relating to import and export by a passenger
Timatic was first established in 1963 and is managed by International Air Transport
Association (IATA). Over 60M travellers have their documentation requirements checked against
the Timatic database every year.
It is available in a number of forms including:

1. Timatic Available over the SITA network

2. TIM Hard Copy Book
3. TimaticWeb Web based
4. Timatic XML
5. IATA Travel Centre, Consumer web portal
The Airport Handling Manual (AHM) is your definitive source for the latest industryapproved standards covering all facets of safe and efficient airport operations. It includes the
NEW 2013 Standard Ground Handling Agreement (SGHA).

Step 1
Purchase a ticket. The easiest way to search multiple dates and flight times is to search for your
flight ticket online. To get a broad idea of fares, use an airfare search engine like Kayak or
Expedia. Enter in your departure city, arrival city and dates, and the engine will return a range of
flights that fit your criteria. Select one to see times, connections and time between flight
Step 2
Gather photo identification. If you are traveling within your home country, you will need a photo
identification card, such as a driver's license. If you are flying internationally, you will need a
passport, usually one that is valid for six months from the date of departure.
Step 3
Ensure that your luggage meets airline requirements. Most airlines allow passengers to bring one
carry-on item and one personal item, such as a laptop or purse. Check the specifications for your
airline by visiting its website and looking for a section about baggage--on the American Airlines
website, for example, "Baggage Information" is under the "Travel Information" tab. Pay
attention to fees for checked bags--most airlines charge for each bag you check to be carried in
the cargo area--and the weight limits, and be sure to stay within them
Step 4
Pack your carry-on bag carefully
Step 5

Arrive at the airport early. For your first time traveling on an airplane, allow extra time to make it
through the airport and familiarize yourself with the process.
Step 6
Check in at the airline desk. Follow the signs to the check-in desks, and have your photo
identification ready to present to the agent. He will look up your reservation, print boarding
passes and collect any baggage fees for checked bags. If you have not selected seats, you can
also ask the agent for a window or aisle seat at this time. You will be asked to place your checked
bags on the scale next to the desk for weighing, and they will be tagged and placed on a
conveyor to be taken to the plane. Take your boarding passes and ID card from the agent.
Step 7
Go through security. Follow the signs for security, and head to the line. At the security
checkpoint, you will be asked to show your identification and boarding pass. Once you are at the
screening machines, take off your shoes and jacket and place them into a plastic bin with your
clear plastic bag. If you are traveling with a laptop, place it into a separate bin, and send it down
the conveyor along with your carry-on bag. Wait for an agent to wave you through the metal
detector, and walk through. Retrieve your items.
Step 8
Find your gate. Your boarding pass should have a gate number on it; if not, check the electronic
displays to find your flight and gate number. Follow the signs to get to your gate, and have a seat
until a gate agent calls for boarding. Airlines generally board by row, so don't approach the gate
until your group is called. Find your seat by checking the numbers above each row, and stow
small bags under the seat in front of you and larger bags in the overhead bins.
Step 9
Collect baggage. Once your flight lands, exit the airplane and follow signs for baggage claim.
Your flight number and departure city will be on an electronic display; wait with the crowd until
the conveyor starts moving and your bag arrives.

International Civil Aviation Organization

International Air Transport

Association

The ICAO flag

Org type

UN agency

Acronyms

Head

ICAO
Abbreviati
IATA
OACI
on

Formation
April 19,
OPSI
1945 (68 years
ago),Havana, Cuba
Raymond Benjamin

Status

Type
active

Established

4 April 1947[1]
Purpose/fo represent, lead, and
Montreal, Canada
cus
serveairline industry

Headquarters
Website

international trade
association

www.icao.int800 Place Victoria

Headquart
ers
(rue
Gauvin), Montreal, C
anada
Coordinate
45.5006N
s
73.5617W
Membershi 240 airlines (2011)[1]
p
DG and CE Tony Tyler
O
Website

iata.org

DAY 2
Immigration is the movement of people into a country or region to which they are not native in
order to settle there.[1] Immigration is a result of: including temperature, breeding, economic,
political, family re-unification, natural disaster, poverty or the wish to change one's surroundings
voluntarily.
Border controls are measures taken by a country to monitor or regulate its borders. Border
controls are put in place to control both the inflow as well as outflow of people, animals and

goods. Specialized government agencies are usually created to perform border controls. Such
agencies may perform various functions such as customs, immigration, security, quarantine,
beside other functions. Official designations, jurisdictions and command structures of these
agencies vary considerably.
Functions [edit]
Border controls exist to:

regulate immigration (both legal and illegal)

control the movement of citizens

execute the customs functions as to

collect excise tax

prevent smuggling of drugs, weapons, endangered species and other illegal

orhazardous material

control the spread of human or animal diseases (see also quarantine)[1]

Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and

safeguardingcustoms duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, transports,
personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country.
Depending on local legislation and regulations, the import or export of some goods may be
restricted or forbidden, and the customs agency enforces these rules.[1] The customs authority
may be different from the immigration authority, which monitors persons who leave or enter the
country, checking for appropriate documentation, apprehending people wanted by
international arrest warrants, and impeding the entry of others deemed dangerous to the country.
Quarantine "is used to separate and restrict the movement of well persons who may have been
exposed to a communicable disease to see if they become ill.".[1] The term is often erroneously
used synonymously with isolation, which is "to separate ill persons who have a communicable
disease from those who are healthy.".[2]The word comes from the Italian (seventeenth century
Venetian) quarantena, meaning forty-day period.[3] Quarantine can be applied to humans, but
also to animals of various kinds. Quarantine can apply to humans and animals as part of border
control, as well as within a country.

Airport check-in uses service counters found at commercial airports handling commercialair
travel. The check-in is normally handled by an airline itself or a handling agent working on
behalf of an airline. Passengers usually hand over any baggage that they do not wish or are not
allowed to carry on to the aircraft's cabin and receive a boarding pass before they can proceed to
board their aircraft.
Check-in is usually the first procedure for a passenger when arriving at an airport, as airline
regulations require passengers to check in by certain times prior to the departure of a flight. This
duration spans from 15 minutes to 4 hours depending on the destination and airline. During this
process, the passenger has the ability to ask for special accommodations such as seating
preferences, inquire about flight or destination information, make changes to reservations,
accumulate frequent flyer program miles, or pay for upgrades.
The airline check-in's main function, however, is to accept luggage that is to go in the
aircraft's cargo hold and issue boarding passes.
Check-in options and procedures vary per airline with some airlines allowing certain restrictions
other airlines have in place, and occasionally the same airline at two separate airports may have
different check-in procedures. Such differences are usually not noted by the average passenger
and occasionally lead to service interruptions when one carrier refuses to abide by the procedure
that another carrier normally would be willing to do.
Contents
[hide]

1 Passenger identity registration

2 Baggage registration

3 Seating registration

4 Online check-in
o

4.1 Mobile check-in

5 Gate/Lounge check-in

6 Change of reservations

7 Premium check-in and lounge access

8 Downtown check-in

An airline ticket is a document, issued by an airline or a travel agency, to confirm that an

individual has purchased a seat on a flight on an aircraft. This document is then used to obtain
a boarding pass, at the airport. Then with the boarding pass and the attached ticket, the passenger
is allowed to board the aircraft.
There are two sorts of airline tickets - the older style with coupons now referred to as a paper
ticket, and the now more common electronic ticket usually referred to as an e-ticket.
A boarding pass is a document provided by an airline during check-in, giving a passenger
permission to board the airplane for a particular flight. As a minimum, it identifies the passenger,
the flight number, and the date and scheduled time for departure. In some cases, flyers can check
in online and print the boarding passes themselves.
Generally a passenger with an electronic ticket will only need a boarding pass. If a passenger has
a paper airline ticket, that ticket (or flight coupon) may be required to be attached to the boarding
pass for him or her to board the aircraft. The paper boarding pass (and ticket, if any), or portions,
are sometimes collected and counted for cross-check of passenger counts by gate agents, but
more frequently are scanned (via barcode or magnetic stripe). The standards for bar codes and
magnetic stripes on boarding passes are published by IATA. The bar code standard (BCBP)
defines the 2D bar code printed on paper boarding passes or sent to mobile phones for electronic
boarding passes. The magnetic stripe standard (ATB2) expired in 2010. For "connecting flights"
there will be a boarding pass needed for each new flight (distinguished by a different flight
number) regardless of whether a different aircraft is boarded.
Airport security refers to the techniques and methods used in protecting passengers, staff
and aircraft which use the airports from accidental/malicious harm, crime and other threats.
Large numbers of people pass through airports everyday, this presents potential targets for
terrorism and other forms of crime because of the number of people located in a particular
location.[2] Similarly, the high concentration of people on large airliners, the potential high death
rate with attacks on aircraft, and the ability to use a hijacked airplane as a lethal weapon may
provide an alluring target for terrorism, whether or not they succeed due their high profile nature
following the various attacks and attempts around the globe in recent years.
Airport security attempts to prevent any threats or potentially dangerous situations from arising
or entering the country. If airport security does succeed in this, then the chances of any
dangerous situations, illegal items or threats entering into both aircraft, country or airport are
greatly reduced. As such, airport security serves several purposes: To protect the airport and
country from any threatening events, to reassure the traveling public that they are safe and to
protect the country and their people.

List of passenger airlines

Read yourself.

IATA CODES OF EACH COUNTRY

dz = Algeria
as = American
Samoa
bs = Bahamas
bh = Bahrain
bd = Bangladesh
bb = Barbados
bc = Barbuda
by = Belarus
(Byelorussia)
be = Belgium
bz = Belize
bj = Benin
bm = Bermuda
bo = Bolivia
bl = Bonaire
bw = Botswana
br = Brazil
vg = British Virgin
Islands
bn = Brunei
bg = Bulgaria
bf = Burkina Faso
bi = Burundi
kh = Cambodia
cm = Cameroon
ca = Canada

ky = Cayman Islands
cf = Central African
Republic
td = Chad
nn = Channel Islands
cl = Chile
cn = China
cx = Christmas Island
cc = Cocos Islands
co = Colombia
cd = Congo, Democratic
Republic of (formerly Zaire)
cg = Congo, People's
Republic of
ck = Cook Islands
cr = Costa Rica
hr = Croatia
cu = Cuba
cb = Curacao
cy = Cyprus
cz = Czech Republic
dk = Denmark
dj = Djibouti
dm = Dominica
do = Dominican Republic

ec = Ecuador
eg = Egypt
sv = El Salvador
en = England
gq = Equitorial
Guinea
er = Eritrea
ee = Estonia
et = Ethiopia
fo = Faeroe Islands
fj = Fiji
fi = Finland
gf = French Guiana
fr = France
pf = French Polynesia
ga = Gabon
gm = Gambia
de = Germany
gh = Ghana
gi = Gibraltar
gr = Greece
gl = Greenland
gd = Grenada
gpv = Guadeloupe
gu = Guam
gt = Guatemala
gw = Guinea

hk = Hong Kong
hu = Hungary
is = Iceland
in = India
id = Indonesia
ir = Iran
ie = Ireland
il = Israel
it = Italy
CI = Ivory Coast
jm = Jamaica
jp = Japan
jo = Jordan
kz = Kazakhstan
ke = Kenya
ki = Kiribati
kr = Korea, South
fm = Kosrae
kw = Kuwait
la = Laos
lv = Latvia
lb = Lebanon
ls = Lesotho
lr = Liberia
li = Liechtenstein
lt = Lithuania
lu = Luxembourg

ce = Canary
Islands
cv = Cape Verde

mw = Malawi
my = Malaysia
mv = Maldives
ml = Mali
mt = Malta
mh = Marshall Islands
mq = Martinique
mr = Mauritania
mu = Mauritius
mx = Mexico
fm = Micronesia
mc = Monaco
ms = Montserrat
ma = Morocco
mz = Mozambique
mm = Myanmar
(Burma)
na = Namibia
np = Nepal
nl = Netherlands
nv = Nevis

pw = Palau
pa = Panama
pg = Papua New
Guinea
py = Paraguay
pe = Peru
ph = Philippines
pl = Poland
fm = Ponape
pt = Portugal
pr = Puerto Rico
qa = Qatar
re = Reunio
ro = Romania
rt = Rota
ru = Russia
rw = Rwanda
ss = Saba
sp = Saipan
sa = Saudi Arabia
sf = Scotland
sn = Senegal

gn = Guinean Bissau
gy = Guyana
ht = Haiti
ho = Holland
hn = Honduras

mo = Macau
mg = Madagasca
me = Madeira

sb = Solomon Islands
za = South Africa
es = Spain
lk = Sri Lanka
nt = St. Barthelemy
sw = St. Christopher
sx = St. Croix
eu = St. Eustatius
uv = St. John
kn = St. Kitts
lc = St. Lucia
mb = St. Marten
tb = St. Martin
vl = St. Thomas
vc = St. Vincent
sd = Sudan
sr = Suriname
sz = Swaziland
se = Swede
ch = Switzerland
ta = Tahiti
tw = Taiwan

tv = Tuvala
ug = Uganda
ua = Ukraine
ui = Union Island
vi = U.S. Virgin
Islands
ae = United Arab
Emirates
gb = United Kingdom
us = United States
uy = Uruguay
uz = Uzbekistan
vu = Vanuatu
ve = Venezuela
vn = Vietnam
vr = Virgin Gorda
wk = Wake Island
wl = Wales
wf = Wallis & Futuna
Islands
ws = Western Samoa
ya = Yap

nc = New Caledonia
nz = New Zealand
ni = Nicaragua
ne = Niger
ng = Nigeria
nu = Niue
nf = Norfolk Island
nb = Northern Ireland
mp = Northern
Mariana Islands
no = Norway
om = Oman
pk = Pakistan

sc = Seychelles
sl = Sierra Leone
sg = Singapore
sk = Slovak Republic
si = Slovenia

tz = Tanzania
th = Thailand
ti = Tinian
tg = Togo
to = Tonga
tl = Tortola
tt = Trinidad (Tobago)
tu = Truk
tn = Tunisia
tr = Turkey
tc = Turks and Caicos

ye = Yemen
zm = Zambia
zw = Zimbabwe

ICAO THREE LETTER CODES ON PDF AND NOTES: Read yourself