RESEARCH DESIGN

ARCH. MELODIA RAMOS-SAMPAN

CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION

RESEARCH FOCUS: 3-5 SENTENCES

DESCRIBING YOUR CHOSEN FOCUS.

EXAMPLE: THE RESEARCH WILL FOCUS ON

FLEXIBILITY AND SPACE INTERRELATIONSHIPS. IT

WILL LOOK ON DIFFERENT PRINCIPLES,
TECHNIQUES, AND METHODS ON HOW THE
FACILITIES WILL CATER DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES
ASIDE FROM ITS INTENDED USE. IT WILL ALSO
FOCUS ON THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF SPACES
FOR ACCESSIBILITY AND SMOOTH FLOW OF THE
USERS. IN SUCH THAT THE SPACES WILL BE
ARRANGED AND GROUPED ACCORDING TO ITS
FUNCTION AND USE.

CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION

Background/Overview

Description of the Situation

Macro-environmental Situation: What are the changes
(developments) either local or global that led to the
formulation of the Project? Are there problems that
necessitate architectural solutions? Are there issues of
concern (positive or negative, observed or perceived) to
justify undertaking a project?
Project Description: Describe/define what the Project is
all about.
Function(s): Statement of use of the Project.
Activities: The major activities that will lead to the space
requirements of the Project.
Users Description: Identity of the end users, target
number to be served and the catchments area of the
proposed Project.

CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Based on the situation
stated in, formulate the architectural problems. This is your
answer to the architectural concerns of the current Macroenvironmental Situation (issues). This section shall be written
in Declarative or Narrative form. Identify your
GENERAL/MAJOR PROBLEM (Thesis Project) and the
SPECIFIC/MINOR PROBLEMS (Special features of the project
which include, in addition to the Research Focus, architectural
elements gathered from researches that will make your project
UNIQUE and totally YOUR OWN. NOTE: Summing up the
answers to all SPECIFIC/MINOR PROBLEMS will give a
complete development of the entire study.

CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
ARCHITECTURAL GOAL &
OBJECTIVES/STRATEGIES. Always remember that
your statements in this section are ARCHITECTURAL in
content. Your GOAL is to formulate a UNIQUE, FEASIBLE
and WORKABLE architectural solution to the prevailing
issues. You are to describe the architectural problem as
a HYPOTHESIS or question of interest to architects,
engineers and other managers that can be tested or
answered through the collection and analysis of data and
design solution of the project. You set your OBJECTIVES
to achieve your goal and to attain your objectives, you
are to show the different approaches you are going to
use. Objective must be S.M.A.R.T., Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic and Time bound. Approaches are
your STRATEGIES. For clarity, each objective should
have each own strategy.

CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES: This is a
careful study of all available primary and secondary sources of data
and information pertaining to the area or problem under
investigation. The survey of related literature involves the
comprehensive documentation of published and unpublished
materials relevant to the architectural problem. Review of Related
Literature will:
Familiarize the reader with previous studies done related to the present
topic.
Serve as a source of research problems which can be reduced from
existing studies.
Ensure that important variables relevant to the study are not
overlooked.
Establish the need/significance/justification in conducting present
study.
Provide historical background/perspectives about the study.
Serve as a basis for the development of the theoretical/conceptual
framework.
Avoids the unnecessary duplication of selecting a research problem
which had been done before.
Help to give more focus, direction, and clarity to the study.

CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES: This is a
careful study of all available primary and secondary sources of data
and information pertaining to the area or problem under
investigation. The survey of related literature involves the
comprehensive documentation of published and unpublished
materials relevant to the architectural problem. Review of Related
Literature will:
Familiarize the reader with previous studies done related to the present
topic.
Serve as a source of research problems which can be reduced from
existing studies.
Ensure that important variables relevant to the study are not
overlooked.
Establish the need/significance/justification in conducting present
study.
Provide historical background/perspectives about the study.
Serve as a basis for the development of the theoretical/conceptual
framework.
Avoids the unnecessary duplication of selecting a research problem
which had been done before.
Help to give more focus, direction, and clarity to the study.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL

PROGRAMMING DATA
Site Analysis
Macro Site Analysis-Macro site analysis
gives considerations on the factors outside of
the specific project site that will affect the
development strategies.
Micro Site Analysis
Micro site analysis is the study of the
environmental factors within or inside the
specific site. Completeness of micro site data
and analysis will give a clear picture of
development potentials and constraints of the
site.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL

PROGRAMMING DATA
User Analysis
Demographic data of Expected Users
Statistical data of major users/clients/visitors
of the proposed facilities.

Laws/Ordinances (pertaining to the site)

Zoning regulations; related laws/ordinances
(BPs, HLURB guidelines, etc.) as to setbacks,
open space requirements, floor area ration,
height of building, parking space requirements.
Maximum building envelope as set by
laws/zoning ordinances.
Architectural character, etc.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL

PROGRAMMING DATA
CASE STUDIES OF RELATED WORKS
In this part, you will present case studies of previous
architectural studies, whether proposed or existing.
This study will give your proponent (client) more
information about the project through investigation of
existing structures or otherwise which are related to
the one being proposed. Critiquing is an important
aspect of this chapter. You should not be solely
dependent on references found in textbooks. Actual
gathering of information from existing local structures
related to the thesis topic is highly advisable. Case
studies to be presented shall be composite of local and
foreign cases preferably a set of two foreign and one
local or two locals and one foreign. You are going to
search for meanings or inspiration from the cases NOT
necessarily copying them.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL

PROGRAMMING DATA
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
This is the process of investigating, identifying and
documenting the needs of the users for use in the
design of the project. This will mean getting to know
the users needs, facilities required to satisfy the needs:
the functions that it will perform, space required,
instruction both on land use and facilities, Spatial or
design elements must be determined and its
identification must be known according to what the
project requires.

CHAPTER 2.0 ARCHITECTURAL

PROGRAMMING DATA
Bubble diagram
Matrix diagram
Schematic diagram
Space programming table

CHAPTER 3.0 ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATION

Design Considerations and corresponding
design solutions
Design Philosophy and Concepts It is recommended
that you present your philosophy and concept through
graphical presentation, how the germ of idea started
and how it evolves to its final form. This approach will
show the stages of growth of the final design.
Design Goals and Objectives
Design Strategies
Design Inspiration

CHAPTER 4.0 SYNTHESIS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY

SAMPLE

INTRODUCTION
Background
Intermodal solutions allow people to effectively
navigate major cities such as the Metro Manila and
its major cities. Light-rail are especially effective,
but expensive to build. As cities grow, change, and
morph, not every potential route can be served with
light-rail. Bus rapid transit is a cost effective way to
duplicate some of the benefits of light-rail, at a
fraction of the capital expenditure. Buses, taxis, car
sharing, bicycling, and walking are all parts of the
solution. For many, cars are their preferred way to
get around, yet if all transportation were cars then
cities would be frozen in gridlock.
High-speed rail integrates all these systems
together and moves people from city to city at highspeed. When the distance is only a few hundred
miles, high-speed rail coupled with city transit
beats airplane and car every time.

INTRODUCTION
Background
Moreover many transit planners believe that such
centers serve more than just transportation. They
include well-designed buildings providing various
kinds of integrated services, such as restaurants,
newsstands, small shops, and travel information
systems. In parallel, the development of the
intermodal concept typically pays much attention to
utilizing existing infrastructures, for instance, old
railway stations or bus terminals which are normally
located in central cities. Thus the use of a centrally
located station or terminal supports the view that an
intermodal transportation center not only forms an
integral part of the urban scene, but has the
potential for also becoming a tourist center. This
trend has already begun in several cities in both
Europe and North America where existing railway
stations have been converted to intermodal
transportation centers

INTRODUCTION
Background
In Asian Countries, like Thailand, this concept has
also been applied to the old railway structure and
the new underground system. The linkage of the
systems and the integration of station areas at the
Central Station or Hua Lum Phong and at Bangsue
Junction serve as two such examples. As pointed out
by Floyd (1993) and Tolliver (1995), an intermodal
transportation center can be a new form of
structure, a distinctive building, or a group of
buildings at a single location which are intended to
introduce new methods and patterns in handling a
large number of people. Efficiency requires that the
center is designed and constructed to incorporate
the latest technologies and innovations. Many
centers built in the late 20th century, for example,
have very strong characteristics for combining
technology in building structures and systems with
architectural and interior design shapes and forms.

INTRODUCTION
Background
Metropolitan Manila continues to rapidly grow as a
megacity, fuelled by in-migration of population and a
large natural growth rate. With most of Metro Manila
already developed to high densities the increase in
population is causing rapid peri-urbanization of its outer
areas. Manila is bounded to the east and west by the
Laguna de Bay and Manila Bay, respectively.
Therefore, new development is constrained to either the
north or south of the conurbation. LRT Line 1 was the first
light rail scheme in Manila and runs north-south through its
central area , along Taft and Rizal Avenues. This older area of
the city is one of the most heavily developed with high
densities along most of the corridor. Massive urban
regeneration projects to restore Manilas physical
infrastructure and facilities have been undertaken by the
City Government, and are expected to be further pursued in
the medium-term to allow the city to regain its
competitiveness. The southern coastal corridor of Manila, on
the other hand, continues to experience consistent growth
and plans are in place for further reclamation of part of
Manila Bay. This will further increase population and
employment in this area and exacerbate road congestion.
The increase in population has led to severe congestion on
an already overstretched road network leading to long and
unpredictable journey times. Many of Manilas major roads
experience gridlock in the peak periods.

INTRODUCTION
Statement of the problem

INTEGRATION OF LIGHT AND

STRUCTURE in an intermodal
concept of a light rail station.

INTRODUCTION
Goal of the Project

incorporate into the Plan an

efficient and safe passenger rail
alignment to meet technical and
passenger needs as well as to
integrate LIGHT AND
STRUCTURE in an intermodal

concept of a light rail

station.

INTRODUCTION
Objectives of the project

To develop architectural
design solution of an intermodal
LRT station integrating the light
and stucture.
Strategy:

INTRODUCTION
Review of Related literature
and Studies
1. Foreign context
Dubai/ London
Japan/Korea or any foreign country
2. Local Context
LRT 1,2,3
PNR (or any related topic)

Case studies
The following case studies were chosen for its similarity in
concept with the problem. The effectivity of its design
will be assessed and recommendations will also be
suggested.
Foreign Case studies
Dubai Metro
The Dubai Metro is a driverless, fully automated metro
network in the United Arab Emirates city of Dubai. The
Red Line is partly operational, the Green Line is still
under construction, and further lines are planned. These
first two lines run underground in the city centre and on
elevated viaducts elsewhere.All trains and stations are
air conditioned with platform edge doors to make this
possible.
The first section of the Red Line, covering 10 stations,
was ceremonially inaugurated at 9:09:09 PM on
September 9, 2009, by Mohammed bin Rashid Al
Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai, with the line opening to the
public at 6 AM on September 10. The Dubai Metro is the
first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula. More
than 110,000 people, which is nearly 10 per cent of
Dubais population, used the Metro in its first two days
of operation.
Once the 20 km Green line opens, the Dubai Metro will
overtake the title of longest automated metro network
from the Vancouver Skytrain, surpassing it by 3 km

Case studies
The following case studies were chosen for its similarity in
concept with the problem. The effectivity of its design
will be assessed and recommendations will also be
suggested.
Foreign Case studies
Dubai Metro
The Dubai Metro is a driverless, fully automated metro
network in the United Arab Emirates city of Dubai. The
Red Line is partly operational, the Green Line is still
under construction, and further lines are planned. These
first two lines run underground in the city centre and on
elevated viaducts elsewhere.All trains and stations are
air conditioned with platform edge doors to make this
possible.
The first section of the Red Line, covering 10 stations,
was ceremonially inaugurated at 9:09:09 PM on
September 9, 2009, by Mohammed bin Rashid Al
Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai, with the line opening to the
public at 6 AM on September 10. The Dubai Metro is the
first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula. More
than 110,000 people, which is nearly 10 per cent of
Dubais population, used the Metro in its first two days
of operation.
Once the 20 km Green line opens, the Dubai Metro will
overtake the title of longest automated metro network
from the Vancouver Skytrain, surpassing it by 3 km

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Recommendations:
Culture should be integrated with the
design of spaces or the building character.

Integration of the natural light and natural

ventilation within the building.
Sustainable design should be adopted.

Design proposal
INTEGRATION OF LIGHT AND
STRUCTURE The structural expression of the
station helps achieve the internal circulation by
allowing more natural light through the building
to aid navigation. Obviously, many modern
stations have similar featuresframing, columns
and trusses. This has meaning in architecture
not only for aesthetic, but for practical reasons
as well. The manipulation of natural light
through transparent roofs and walls, blending
with artificial light, could provide passengers the
clarity of orientation in the building more
effectively than internal signs only. The lines of
columns are also important to guide the
passengers to their preferred routes. These
might be noticeably seen in complex stations
containing commercial areas whereas light and
structure are used to guide patrons from public
to private interests; for example ticket hall to
shops or cafes.

platform level of Copenhagen Airport

Station, Denmark.

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Design proposal
INTEGRATION OF LIGHT AND
STRUCTURE The structural expression of the
station helps achieve the internal circulation by
allowing more natural light through the building
to aid navigation. Obviously, many modern
stations have similar featuresframing, columns
and trusses. This has meaning in architecture
not only for aesthetic, but for practical reasons
as well. The manipulation of natural light
through transparent roofs and walls, blending
with artificial light, could provide passengers the
clarity of orientation in the building more
effectively than internal signs only. The lines of
columns are also important to guide the
passengers to their preferred routes. These
might be noticeably seen in complex stations
containing commercial areas whereas light and
structure are used to guide patrons from public
to private interests; for example ticket hall to
shops or cafes.

Design proposal
ACCESS FOR DISABLED PEOPLE
The design of the station ought to meet barrier free
requirements throughout the facilities. Accessibility
is an issue that concerns everyone. Ross (2000)
envisions that disabled people using railway
stations are not only people in wheelchairs, but
they include blind and partially sighted people,
deaf people and those with poor hearing, people
with learning disabilities, people with heavy
luggage, people with young children, and elderly
people. Impediments to access should not be
considered only physically, but also psychologically.
In addition to solving the problems of steps, curbs,
stairs, long walkway, steep ramps, and narrow
doorways, some psychological impediments needs
to be identified and relieved at the design stage.
Examples include fear of crowded conditions,
perceived unhelpfulness of staff, unreliable
provision of toilets, etc. Those demand attention
from both railway operators and designers.

Design proposal
TRAVEL INFORMATION
Travel information systems are essential for any
station. Up to date and accurate information is
always required. It could be displayed in various
forms, for example posters, fixed signage, TV
monitors, dot matrix, and LCD. The use of them,
however, needs appropriate balance that depends
on types and numbers of passengers at each
station (Ross, 2000). In station complexes,
information should be provided in appropriate
forms, and it needs to give decision points which
allow efficient space for passengers to find their
ways around the building. Certainly, the displays
must be visible in all conditions.

Design proposal
COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS
Adopting the intermodal concept makes the station more
complex. More functions are integrated, and numbers of
passengers are increased. The stations appear to be more
than people-processors, but can expedite peoples lifestyles.
Similar to the design of airport terminals, the trend of the
station design is to take full advantage of the time
passengers wait around by providing facilities and
entertainment. It is evident that many grand stations in the
United States, Great Britain, and Japan begin to look like
shopping districts that become tourist attractions. Many
urban functions are brought inside the stations. It gives the
opportunity to bring together restaurants, retail outlets,
cafes, offices, currency exchanges, banks, post offices, car
rental companies, movie theaters, and so on. The historic
Union Station in Washington, D.C. is a good example of this
concept. The 600,000 square foot space has been adaptively
redesigned and renovated to become a major retail,
entertainment, and transportation center (Kandee, 2001).

Conclusion
Applying the intermodal concept in rail services
heralds a number of developments, one of which is
the role of railway stations. The increasing
numbers of passengers has resulted in the need
for modern and rational designs of stations. The
functions of station design are broadened. The
form of the building becomes more complex. As a
result, conventional stations are gradually replaced
by station complexes, which do not serve travel
alone. They are not just places where trains stop
to collect and deposit passengers, but they become
a gateway to and from communities.

Elements
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