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3 SG Strength
3 SG Strength
Subgrade Strength/Stiffness
Subgrade layer,
Subbase layer
base layer.
Draw Load-Penetration
Curve.
Piston
Surcharge
Weights
Prevent heaving up
around the piston.
CBR Calculation
Load or Stress of Soil
CBR 100
3000
4500
13.24
19.96
6895
10342
1000
1500
Calculate CBR at 0.1 in (25 mm) and 0.2 in (50 mm) deformation
then use the Maximum value as the design CBR.
CBR Curves
0.0
0.1
0.2
Stabilometer
100
R 100
2.5 Pv
( )( 1) 1
D2 Ph
Pv
Pv = applied
vertical pressure
(typically 160 psi)
Ph = transmitted
horizontal
pressure
Ph
D2 = displacement
of stabilometer
fluid necessary to
increase horizontal
pressure from 5 to
R-Value Range
30 80
30 80
10 50
20 60
ML
5 20
CL
5 20
OL
<7
MH
5 20
CH
5 20
OH
<7
1 3
Deviator stress
MR
Recoverable strain
r
Determines the load carrying capacity of the material.
Used for HMA as well as unbound materials
1
3
External LVDT
Frame
Load Cell
Chamber
Top Platen
Soil Specimen
LVDT
LVDT Clamp
Inside Rods
Bottom Platen
Loading
Dwell
20.0
Unloading
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.016
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.012
Time (sec)
Strain (in/in)
Stress (psi)
25.0
0.008
0.004
0.000
0.0
0.5
1.0
Time (se c)
1.5
Resilient Modulus
Load
14
16
load rest
14
16
Time
r = L/L
MR K1
K2
log MR
K2
Bulk stress: = 1 + 2 + 3
K1, K2 are material constants
K1 > 0
K2 0 (stress-stiffening)
K1
log
MR K 3 oct
K4
K3 > 0
K4 0 (stress-softening)
log MR
K3
K4
log oct
M R k1 p a
Pa
k2
oct
1
P
k3
(NCHRP 1-37A)
soils (subgrade)
Effect of Stress on MR
Coarse Materials
Fine Materials
log MR
log MR
log
log oct
= 1 + 2 + 3
= I = Bulk stress = First
stress invariant
Effect of Moisture/Density on MR
log MR
log MR
Moisture Softening
dry
Density Stiffening
Correlations
Conversions between CBR, R-value, MR
Important points:
No direct correlation
Each test measures a fundamentally different property
Developed correlations are only for limited data sets
M R 2555 CBR
0.64
Units: CBR %
MR, psi
Correlations
1500 CBR 1155
R Value
555
Origin: HDOT
Limitation: Fine-grained non-expansive soils with soaked CBR
Correlation Example
MR vs. R-value for some Washington State soils
MR
R-Value
Subgrade Soil
Subgrade Soil
Category
Category
Mr (ksi)
Mr (ksi)
Poor
Poor
1.5
1.5
CBR (%)
CBR (%)
R- Value
R- Value
Medium
Good
Medium
Good
4
4 5
4 5
10
10
AASHTO Soil
AASHTO Soil
Classification
Classification
A-7-6
A-7-6
CH
CH
Unified Soil
Unified Soil
Classification
Classification
A-7-5
A-7-5
MH
MH
Excellent
Excellent
15
20
15
20
10
10
30
30
10 15 20
10 15 20
15
15
40 50 60
40 50 60
40
60 80 100
40
60 80 100
30
30
40
60
80 100
40
60
80 100
A-1-b A-1-a
A-1-b A-1-a
A-2-4
A-2-4
A-2-5
A-2-5
A-2-6
A-2-6
A-2-7
A-2-7 A-3
A-3
A-4
A-4
A-5
A-6 A-5
A-6
20
20
MR Correlations
w/ Index
Properties and
Soil Classification
CL
CL
ML
ML
SW
SW
SP
SP
SW - SC
SWSW
- SC
- SM
SW - SM
SP - SC
SP - SC
SP - SM
SP - SM
SC
SC
SM
SM
GP
GW - GCGP
GW - GC
GW
GW
GW - GM
GW - GM
GP - GC
GP - GC
GP - GM
GP - GM
GC
GC
GM
GM
(NCHRP 1-37A)
Field test.
Data from the test are applicable for design of
both flexible and rigid pavements.
Hydraulic
Jack
12 Plate
18 Plate
24 Plate
30 Plate
Pressure
Gauge
3 Deflection
Dials
Reaction
for Dial
Tested Layer
n
P/A
Stress , psi
10 psi
Deformation, in
Corrections for K
Correction due to saturation (worst case
scenario).
10 psi
Deformation
Saturated
Condition
Stress
Stress
Field
Condition
10 psi
Deformation
K (pci)
Kcorrected (pci)
Stress
Deformation
Rate
Deformation
Time
Static Load
Stress
Stress
Deformation
Deformation
Repeated Load