JW2A.36.

pdf

Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science 2015 OSA 2015

AND gate in a nonlinear subwavelength dielectric

waveguide array
a,b
G. Mendoza-Gonzaleza and Erwin A. Mart-Panameno
a Benem
erita

Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Fsico-Matematicas, Posgrado en Fsica

Aplicada, Av. San Claudio y 18 sur, Colonia San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
b Benem
erita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. Laboratorio Nacional de Supercomputo del Sureste de Mexico, Blvd.
Valsequillo y Ave. Las Torres, Puebla 72570, Mexico. http://www.lns.buap.mx
gmendoza.glz@gmail.com

Abstract:
In this work we present numerical results regarding the possibility to control
the output position of the light in nonlinear arrays of subwavelength dielectric parallel
waveguides. The main result is an AND logic gate due the interaction of two input beams.
2015 Optical Society of America

OCIS codes: 050.6624, 190.0190, 190.3270, 200.4660.

1.

Introduction

A large number of optical effects can be observed in discrete systems that are not possible in homogeneous media.
The discretized nature of light propagation gives rise to phenomena like: discrete diffraction, diffraction management,
temporal and spatial discrete solitons and self-phase modulation of the radiation [13]. At subwavelength scales,
new optical phenomena have been recently discovered such as auto-accelerated beams propagating along curved
paths, plasmonic subwavelength solitons in nonlinear metamaterials, nanoplasmonics, etc. [4, 5]. In the pursuit of
low-dimensional optical systems, one can find reports that focus on the waveguide dimensions. Particularly interesting results have been found in nonlinear interactions. Foster et al. [6, 7] focused on the balance between core size and
power confinement with the aim of maximizing nonlinear interactions in waveguides. They found that the optimal core
size is subwavelength and that structures with asymmetric cross sections maximize the effective nonlinearity. [6, 7].
The numerical study is based in to resolve Maxwells equations considering the constitutive relations of the medium
in the time domain, for that, we apply the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method [8, 9]. In this report we show
the propagation and interaction of optical radiation along one-dimensional arrays of nonlinear parallel dielectric subwavelength waveguides (SWG). A homogeneous dielectric medium, with a refractive index lower than the waveguides
linear index, surrounds the whole system. The result of the interaction is the behavior of AND logic gate.
1.1.

Theoretical model

The nonlinear media considered in this work is isotropic and non magnetic. In this case, the mathematical model for
light propagation is based on the following Maxwells equations:
1
H
= E,
t
0

(1)

D
= H,
(2)
t
This model will provide a set of partial nonlinear differential equations for the six electromagnetic field components.
The model is closed considering the boundary and initial conditions. The vector of displacement electric D is:
D = 0 (1 + (1) + (3) |E|2 )E = 0 (r + (3) |E|2 )E,
(1)

(3)

(3)

where
and
are the linear and nonlinear electrical susceptibilities of the medium, respectively. r is the linear

relative dielectric constant and is related to the linear refractive index by n0 = pr . Considering the local intensity I
(power per unit of area) for a monochromatic propagating wave [10], as I = n0 0 /0 |E|2 . The nonlinear electrical
susceptibility in function of the Kerr coefficient n2 is:
p
(3) = 2n2o n2 0 /0 .
(4)

JW2A.36.pdf

2.

Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science 2015 OSA 2015

Numerical results

The incident field is a monochromatic Gaussian beam, linearly polarized in the xdirection with wavelength
= 800nm and amplitude Ei = 4.5 108 V /m. The values for the nonlinear medium are: n0 = 1.455 and n2
2 1016 m2 /W . r = 300nm and D = 850nm (see fig.1 (a)).
Output

E
c

40

z [m]

x108 [V/m]

Output
4

(ii)

(i)

input

x108 [V/m]

-10

In
Out

-10

0
x [m]

10

-10

(e)

0
x [m]

10

(c )

x [m]

10

Peak Amplitude x108 [V/m]

In
Out

(b)

x108 [V/m]

(d)

Ei2
i1
Input optical signals

(a)

20

-10

0
x [m]

10

AND01
"AND01.txt"
AND10
"AND10.txt"
AND11
"AND11.txt"

3
2
1
0
0

(f)

16
24
z [m]

32

40

Fig. 1. (a)Schematic representation of the SWGs array. Normal incidence of both Ei1 and Ei2 fields.
(b) Beams profiles, input (blue-line) output (red-line). (c) Evolution of the propagation of light along
the array. (d,e) Beams profiles with only one input beam. (f) Summary of behavior of AND logic
gate.
Figure 1(b,c) shows the interaction of two input beams, forming one output in the central SWG, this result is
behavior of the AND logic gate the output will be high (1) if and only if all inputs are high (1). If any input(s)
are low (0), the output is in a low state. Fig. 1(d,e) show the behavior with only one input beam, the output beam
not is self-trapped in the central SWG, we observe radiative losses, for this reason, we have not a good output beam
and we can consider lack of the output beam. (f) show the summary of the behavior for different propagation length.
In analogy with microelectronics, for values between 1.5 108V /m to 3.0 108V /m we could consider an active-high
signal, and before this value is an active-low signal.
References
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