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Fluid Mechanics Solved Problems
Fluid Mechanics Solved Problems
Fluid Mechanics Solved Problems
The time rate of change of temperature of a fluid particle is the material derivative (derivative
with respect to time as a fluid particle moves in space at the fluid velocity). Therefore, given the
profiles of the temperature and the velocity field, we can use the expression for the material
derivative (note that there is no component in the z-direction in either profile given and that
neither
the
flow
field
nor
the
temperature
is
time
dependent):
DT T
T
T
T
T
T
=
=u
+v
= u (10 ) + v ( 5 ) = 10 u + 5 v
+u
+v
+w
Dt
t
x
y
x
y
z
1. Horizontally with u = 20 m/s, v = 0:
DT
= 10 u + 5 v = 200 C/s.
Dt
DT
= 10 u + 5 v = 100 C/s.
Dt
Problem 2. (The Reynolds Transport Theorem) A 2D bend has a linear velocity profile at the
y
inlet (section 1), u ( y ) = U max . The flow is uniform at the outlet (section 2) with a velocity,
h1
u ( x ) = U 0 . The inlet and outlet channel widths are different (h1 for the inlet and h2 for the outlet).
The bend has a uniform depth, b. The fluid is incompressible and the flow is steady.
2
h2
h1
1
CS1
CS 2
3. Using the Reynolds transport theorem and mass conservation, express the maximum inlet
velocity, Umax, in terms of U0, h1 and h2.
References: 1) class notes, 2) Section 4.4 in the textbook.
Hints: 1) Determine the flame normal for each surface, 2) Express dA in terms of only one
variable (you end up with a single integral, not a double integral), 3) evaluate the integrals for the
mass fluxes, 4) Use RTT and mass conservation to find Umax.
Solution:
1. The mass flux across the intlet:
( v in ) dA .
CS1
y
take it out of the integral. Also, dA = b dy, n = ( 1, 0, 0 ) , v = U max , 0, 0 . Therefore,
h2
y
v in = U max .
Evaluating,
h2
CS1
( v in ) dA = U max
0
h1
U max h1
U max h12
1
y
d
d
b
y
b
y
y
b = U max b h1 = ( v in ) dA
=
0
2
2
h1
h1
h1
CS1
CS 2
( v in ) dA = ( +U ) b dx = U b
h2
CS 2
h2
dx = U 0 b h2 =
( v in ) dA
CS 2
3. Using the Reynolds transport theorem and mass conservation and given that the flow is steady
(there is no storage term), then:
1
h
CS ( v in ) dA = 0 = CS ( v in ) dA + CS ( v in ) dA = 2 U maxb h1 + U 0 b h2 = 0 U max = 2U 0 h12
1
2