Professional Documents
Culture Documents
English For Research Purpose
English For Research Purpose
Example
Meanwhile,
Generalization.
were
former
Ministry
small
carried
of
number
out
by
Science
of
the
and
Marine
Environment
However,
reported
most
only
of
on
the
the
studies
dominant
on
the
diversity
and
composition
of
the
Yubudo area.
Announcing the Recent Research
continuously
monitoring
and
The
diversity
Hypothesis
structure
in
affects
the
the
mudflat
benthic
diversity
in
the
habitat
to
the
distribution
of
Research
Information Element
Example
Generalization.
the
Negombo
estuary
in
its
implications
on
shorebird
Ramsar
lagoons
activities
site),
and
such
detrimental
and
found
as
effects
Embilikele
that
human
pollution
on
had
bird
communities.
Indicating a Gap
on
estuarine
avian
around
estuaries
Hypothesis
Information Element
Example
Generalization.
that
temperature
onaromatase,
serum
has
impact
E2
and
into
sexual
organs
20-month
whencompared
However,
growth
with
it
has
P.
a
period)
vachelli.
remarkable
such
as
lower
Therefore,
accurate
concerning
the
temperature
is
information
optimal
crucial
to
growth
feeding
Hypothesis
Research
explore
water
the
temperaturelevels
effect
of
to
water
Information Element
Example
The
use
of
freshwaterliquid
Generalization.
plant
are
usedto
environmental
risks
lessen
of
the
food
However,little
research
has
wasteeffluent
from
marine
aquaculture systems.
- Furthermore, there are limitations
tomarine aquaponics associated with
either a relatively low demandfor the
crop and/or the negative effects of
salinity (Boxman et al.,2015).
Adding to what is known
ammonia,
phosphorus
nitrate,
(Hargreaves,
and
1998),
Although
Hypothesis
marine
there
is
aquapon-ics
potential
to
for
conserve
Research
finfish
intensive
system
and
recirculating
used
restorationprojects,
marsh
in
plants
coastal
Spartina
Information Element
Example
Information Element
Example
Indicating a Gap
Hypothesis
Information Element
Example
Indicating a Gap
Hypothesis
Information Element
Example
Indicating a Gap
Result
IE
Indic
ating
Blishi a
ng a Gap
Territ
oryVia
Topic
Gene
raliz
ation
Addi
ng to
What
is
Kno
wn
Anno
unci
ng
the
Pres
ent
Rese
arch
Pres
entin
g
Rese
arch
Ques
tion
Or
Quet
ion
RA 1
RA 2
RA 3
Anno
unci
ng
Princ
ipal
Outc
ome
No.
Of
Type
s of
Infor
mati
on
Elem
emts
Stati
ng
the
Valu
e of
the
Pres
ent
Rese
arch
Outli
ning
the
Sturc
ture
of
Rese
arch
Pape
r
RA 4
RA 5
RA 6
RA 7
RA 8
All
RAs
10
10
46
42
No.
Of
Pape
rs
Information Element
Example
Meanwhile,
Generalization.
were
former
Ministry
small
carried
of
number
out
by
Science
of
the
and
Marine
Environment
However,little
research
has
wasteeffluent
from
marine
aquaculture systems.
Adding to what is known
ammonia,
phosphorus
nitrate,
(Hargreaves,
and
1998),
to
accelerate
methane
Hypothesis
to
growth.
Second,
we
nutrition
in
temperate
is
decreased
by
explore
water
the
temperaturelevels
effect
of
to
water
Research Paper
tested,
by
putting
microbial
system,
sludge
for
raw
waste
treatment
environmental
microbial
activated
at
mild
conditions.
electrolysis
system
The
was
the
ME-AD
performance
of
reactor.
the
The
methane
ME-AD
functional
system.
communities
Moreover,
(on
key
throughput
illustrate
sequencing,
microbial
to
electrolysis
Introduction
Research articles is a paper written by an investigator to describe a research
study that he or she has completed. The purpose of the research article is to explain
to others in the field what the objectives, methods, and findings of the study were.
Research articles may be published in a professional journal and distributed by a
research institution or publishing company, or it may be written in the form of a
thesis or dissertation. In Marine Science there are several publications of research
paper in various journal with entries from all around the world. There is also a form
standardization for writing of these scientific reports.
Strictly speaking about the writing of report introduction, there has been several
research done leading to the formation of several outline for the introduction part.
For example, three part movement fro writing report introduction where the first
movement is to established a territory followed by the second movement to
establish a niche and last movement to occupy a niche (Swales et al., 2004).
Another example is three part movement which is to first establish a territory,
followed by either the indication a gap in the research or to indicate of adding more
into the research, followed by the announcement of the research done, stating the
question posed by the research hypothesis or question and lastly to state the value
of the research done followed the by the general description of the research paper
(Lim et al., 2012).
Basicly, the typical sections for the scientific report consists of Abstract,
Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion. In Marine Science studies field, many
information not yet been discover especially in our country. Therefore, we need for
more research. The aim of this project paper is to study several scientific project
paper follow the given structure outlined which we learned in this courses. The
study conducted in this particular branch of science is very broad with many
researcher all over the world and there are also journals in which this genre of
report is published with varying degree of standardization. Due to this, we cannot
say that the researcher not following the format of scientific paper by Swales and
Lim. These project paper is follow the AIMRD/C style.
Methods
This research is done to study the information elements in the introductory sections
of research papers in the marine science fields. This is to determine whether the
researchers who wrote the reports is writing their introductions based on the outline
described by Lim (2012).A total of 8 journal were collected from random sources of
the fields and all of this journal is restricted to ones published in the year of 2015-
2016. There are few limitation in order to obtain the journal since most of them
cant be obtain without paying it because it come from a non-free source websites.
Another limitation is the lack of experience in collecting and finding the journal by
the researchers themselves. The samples was obtained from different sources of
website from the University Malaysia Sabah database so that the data collected
from this sample are more reliable and all of the sample collected were taken based
on the marine science field.
Discussion
The main of objective of this project paper which was stated as to
determine whether or not these article in context of Marine Science Fields
following the format that we learned from this courses. Looking at the result,
it seen that only Establishing a Territory via Topic Generalization and
Indicating a Gap are contained in all articles while for the Outlining the
Structure of Research Paper only one article contain these information
element.
The possible reason to this disparity may be because topic generalization
and indicating a gap the most essential component in an introduction for
article that associated with many fact. These because many researchers tried
to solve the problem or gap for their experiment. Then, after all the problem
has been answered, the solution become a fact. While the lack of outlining
the structure of research paper in our research articles, is probably because
most of the research done is on new leading topics that has not been done
before, thus the researchers not exactly know the proper way how to conduct
the experiment since most of the articles where collected between the years
2015 and 2016.
According to the Swales and Lim, as the number of types of elements per
articles which only contains at most 5 components and missing 2
components, these problem may due to the lack of awareness of an
appropriated structure for writing this article. However, we cannot say that
the research project not good or no doing in proper ways, sometimes there
are things we can include of our scientific paper but sometimes there also
lack of information or research paper before this.
Therefore, the hypothesis which is most of the articles of specific studies
not follow the structure given by Swales and Lim. However, the discussion
above could not be considered conclusive as there is a lack of many other
variables to fix such as data on whether or not the research article writers
have been exposed to research writing courses prior to publishing their work.
Another thing we need to consider which prevent us to making a general
conclusion is that the sample article which we did only 8 research articles
may to be small and not enough evidence to make some conclusion.