Social Change in Pahasu Village, Dist Bulandshahr, Up

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016
Contents
PAGE NO.
1. SYNOPSIS
2. INTRODUCTION TO VILLAGE
2.1
ABOUT PAHASU VILLAGE
2.2
AN OVERVIEW OF BULANDSHAHR
2.3
LOCATION OF THE VILLAGE
2.4 ACCESSIBILITY
2.5 CONNECTIVY
2.6 LANDMARKS OF THE VILLAGE
3. HISTORY AND NAWABS ERA
3.1 SOCIAL CHANGE
3.2 FACTORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE
4. SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE HAVELI
4.1 SOCIAL
4.2 ECONOMY
4.3 FEMALE LIVELIHOOD
5. HOUSING TYPOLOGY
5.1 BUILDING MATERIALS
6. AMENITIES
6.1 EDUCATION
6.2 HEALTH
6.3 OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE
7. GOVERNING BODY AND SERVICES
7.1 DRAINAGE AND SEWAGE
7.2 ELECTRICITY
7.3 WATER SUPPLY
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7.4 COMMUNIACTION SYSTEM AND GATHERING PLACES

7.5 FINANCE
8 . RELIGION AND CASTE SYSTEM
9. GOVERNMENT SCHEME AND AWARENESS
10. INFERENCES
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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1. SYNOPSIS
1.1 AIM
To Study and Analyse the social change in Pahasu Village . To
understand the evolution in terms of settlement and architecture
and to study the local available materials and locals techniques
and the modern trends.
1.2 RATIONALE
Pahasu is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in Bulandshahr District in
the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Lying to the south of
Bulandshahr and Khurja.
1.3 OBJECTIVE
To carry out the detail study of the area and to identify
and understand the various areas or landmarks that
initiated settlements.
To study and identify character of the area.
To study the changes over time and its effects.
1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY
Scope of the study would cover all the aspects of Indian Habitat
including architecture style of the Area. The study would focus on
detailed study of social change in the village.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
Collection of data from books, articles.
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Site visits
Inquiring people in the village.
Making sketches, taking observations about the village.
Case study
2. INTRODUCTION TO VILLAGE
2.1 ABOUT PAHASU VILLAGE
Pahasu is a village in Bulandshahr district in the Indian state of Uttar
Pradesh. It was a jagir during British India owned by Nawabs belonging to
Lalkhani Badgujar, Muslim Rajput community. Pahasu is a large Muslim
feudal of Aligarh (UP). Other nearby towns to Pahasu are Aligarh,
Ahmadgarh, Shikarpur and Khurja.
It has an average elevation of 187 metres (613 feet)."Pahasu" in British
India was represented by Old and young party in UP legislative council from
years 1909 to 1919.Nawabs of Pahasu Nawab Sir Mohammed Faiz Ali
Khan(1821-1894) of Pahasu Nawab Sir Mohammed Faiyaz Ali Khan (18511922) Nawab Mohammed Mukarram Ali Khan (1895-1969)
This town is well connected both by the railways and roadways. This town
has all the basic necessities required by the inhabitants. The town has a
government high school, a senior secondary school and other private
schools also. For higher education it has Janta Intermediate College.
Pahasu has an average literacy rate of 48%, lower than the national
average of 59.5%: male literacy is 57%, and female literacy is 38%.
The town has a government hospital and numerous private and government
dispensaries. Pahasu is a Muslim dominant area and it has a madarsa and
an Eidgah in the mosque campus. The main occupations other than farming
are building construction, brick manufacturing, and retail like grocery, meat
shop etc. Very few have government job and mostly people migrates to
nearby cities like Aligarh, Khurja and Bulandshahr for the better job
opportunities.
Out of total population, 5,814 were engaged in work or business activity. Of
this 5,075 were males while 739 were females. In census survey, worker is
defined as person who does business, job, service, and cultivator and labour
activity. Of total 5814 working population, 79.77 % were engaged in Main
Work while 20.23 % of total workers were engaged in Marginal Work.
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FIGURE 1. PAHASU MAP

www.bulandshahr.nic.in
SOURCE:
2.2 AN OVERVIEW OF BULANDSHAHR

Bulandshahr is a city and a municipal board in Bulandshahr
district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the
administrative headquarters of Bulandshahr District. According
to Government of India, the district Bulandshahr is one of the
Minority Concentrated District in India on the basis of the 2001
census data on population, socio-economic indicators and basic
amenities indicators. The distance between
Bulandshahr and New Delhi is 77.5 km and it takes 2.5
1 hour 26 minutes to reach there.
DEMOGRAPHIC
As per provisional data of 2011 census, DATA
Bulandshahr urban agglomeration had a population Location
(lat.
of 235,310, out of which males were 125,549 and Long.): Pahasu is
females were 111,761. The literacy rate was 78.37 located at 28.18N
per cent.
78.05E
District:
2.3 LOCATION OF THE VILLAGE
Bulandshahr
Pahasu is village and a nagar panchayat in State:
Uttar
Bulandshahr district in the Indian state of Uttar
Pradesh
Pradesh. Lying to the south of Bulandshahr and
Khurja, it is about 10 km from Ahmadgarh, 12 km Area: 196458 sq.
yd.
from Shikarpur and 35 km from Aligarh.
Population: 17116
as
per
census
20011, 53% Male
and 47% Female
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Language/dialect:
Urdu, Hindi
FIGURE 1. BULANDSHAHR MAP
SOURCE:
2.4
FIGURE 3. LOCATION MAP

www.wikimapia.com
SOURCE:
ACCESSIBILITY
Pahasu village is well connected to the three major railway
stations namely Somna, which is 19 km from it and Danvar
which is 16 km from it and Dibai which is 22km from
Pahasu.
Nearby airport is IGI Airport which is 134 km and takes
around 3 hours to reach there.
And by road it is well connected by the Gondya bus station
and Amravati bus station.
6
, BTO
ARCH
4TH YEAR
FIGURE 5. DISTANCE FROMABIDIN
PAHASU
IGI AIRPORT
GOOGLE EARTH PRO
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SOURCE:
2.5 CONNECTIVITY
Phasau is situated along SH 63 and is near
NH 93 .
Nearby Cities
Bulandshahr : 53 kms
Aligarh : 28 kms
There is a bus stop in the Centre of the city
named as Pahasu Adda where there are
buses available for Bulandshahr , Aligarh ,
Atrauli etc.
The nearest railway station is Godha Railway Station which is about 8 km
from the village. Godha Railway Station is located on Aligarh Bareilly line.
2.6 LANDMARKS OF THE VILLAGE

The major landmark inside the village is haveli which is owned by the
Nawabs family. The present condition of the haveli is really bad and the fort
needs to conserved.
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3 . HISTORY AND NAWABS ERA

Phasau was a Jagir during British India. It was owned by the Nawabs of Lalkhani,
a Badgujar, Muslim Rajput community. Pahasu has been controlled by Nawabs since
the 15th century. Generations of Nawabs have ruled over the people and
collected revenue. The Nawabs were so strict that they did not even allow
the people to make pakka houses for a long time. They had always showed
their dominance over the people. It was after the requests of the people that
they were permitted to make pakka houses.
Nawabs Of Pahasu
Nawab Sir Mohammed Faiz Ali Khan(1821-1894) of Pahasu
Nawab Sir Mohammed Faiyaz Ali Khan (1851-1922)
Nawab Mohammed Mukarram Ali Khan (1895-1969
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Nawab Mumtaz-ud-Dowlah Sir Muhammad Faiyaz Ali Khan of Pahasu

Faiyaz Ali Khan was born in a Muslim Rajput
family and was later scion of the Lalkhani
(Badgujar Rajput) family. He was born to Sir
Muhammad Faiz Ali Khan in 1851.
The Nawab of Pahasu (18511922) was a
member of Governor General' Council of
the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh and
Member of the Legislative council of the
United Provinces.
Philanthropy
He was noted for his philanthropic works and had devoted a large estate for
charitable purpose. He also founded an Anglo-vernacular school at Pahasu in
1899. He had donated large amount for public and charitable purposes.
He also build the Mumtaz hostel of Aligarh Muslim University. And it is named
after his name only. He also served as President of Board of Trustees of
Aligarh Muslim University.
3.1 SOCIAL CHANGE

WHAT IS SOCIAL CHANGE
By Social change is meant only such alterations as occur in social
organizations, that is, structure and functions of society.
Social changes are variations from the accepted modes of life; whether due
to alternation in geographical conditions, in cultural equipments, composition
of the population or ideologies whether brought about by diffusion or
inventions within the group.
Any social change may produce discernible and widespread changes in social
structures, functions, behaviour, values, norms, and ways of life, attitudes,
roles and status. Regarding social changes, sociologists have made detailed
studies and have formulated various theories on the direction of change,
factors of change and areas of change
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Factors of Social Change:
Cultural Factors:
Cultural change in one of the major change in the pahasu village which had
been bought by
the nawabs by Practice intercast marriage (Muslim- Rajput), so there is a
diffusion in the two culture.
(i) Material Culture:

This is a culture of using certain building material, architectural
elements(Alcoves) in the building on the basics of culture.
It includes those elements or things which are tangible, visible and touchable
like goods, tools, machines and furnitures etc.
Changes in transportation and communication:
A Large numbers of Pakka Roads Has been laid down during the nawabs
period in phasau due to this change peoples of phasau starts exploring them
self into business,education and other
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UL ABIDIN , B ARCH 4TH YEAR
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field of interest. i.e jobs in nearby villages ,town

Due to this change peoples starts migrating from phasau to nearby cities
(Aligarh for educational purpose, khurja for pottery making and bulandshahr
for business purposes.
development in transportation and communication has greatly influenced
the socio-cultural life. It has broken down the regional barriers.
Apart from the above factors, cultural factors play significant role in bring
about technological change. Customs, traditions, folkways, mores habits,
conservatism etc.
Social mobility
Human societies are divided into various social strata. These strata are
arranged hierarchically and are considered superior or inferior to one another
according to the prevalent value system in society.
Vertical Mobility
Vertical mobility refers to the movement of a group or an individual from one
social stratum to another, either upward or downward. A scheduled caste
member getting a high position in an organization and a Brahmin working as
a landless agricultural laborers are examples, on an individual level, of
upward and downward society mobility respectively.
Horizontal Mobility
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By horizontal social mobility is meant shifting from one social group to

another situated broadly on the same level. The shift from agricultural labor
to factory labor is an example
4. SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITION OF HAVELI

4.1 SOCIAL
Pahasu village has a strong hold of tradition with a high value placed on joint
family, kinship, religion, cast and community. The village have old social
hierarchies and cast equations still shape the local development. The major
two communities are Hindus and Muslims, both live happy and peacefully
with each other.
4.2 ECONOMY
The main occupation of the people in the village is Agriculture, Daily

wage labor, cattle and slaughter house.
Average Income of People : 3000-4000
50% people are involved in agriculture
25% Laborers
10% in Business
15% in Services (Government and Private)
The main crops are Wheat, Paddy, Pulse, Oilseeds, Mango.
Jute, Paddy and Wheat are the major cash crops of the community.
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ECONOMY
SERVICES; 15%
BUSINESS; 10%
AGRICULTURE; 50%
LABOURS; 25%
4.3 FEMALE LIVELIHOOD

Source : Authors Primary Data
The womenfolk remains at home and works majorly as housewives. The only
place where women can be seen are markets.
There is no gathering place for women. They are bound to stay at home. The
women who are married in farming families help the men in farming
activities.
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Women also rear the cattle and take care of the cattle at home.
Some of the women in the village are engaged in tailoring and weaving. Few
of the women have cosmetics shops and one beauty parlor.
women farming
Women Working
5. HOUSING TYPOLOGY
In Phasau , there are 11 wards and nearly about 1100 houses. Out of these
houses, 70% of the houses are pakka houses and the remaining are kachcha
houses. The areas are divided according to different castes.
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Most of the houses have courtyard in the centre with rooms around it. In the
courtyard , there are cattle which are herded for milk.
FIGURE 19. MODERN PLAN
SOURCE: RESIDENT
TYPICAL LAYOUT OF A HOUSE
5.1 BUILDING MATERIALS

For Pakka houses, major building material is brick with cement. Foundation of
the houses are of brick. For roof, stone and girders have been used majorly.
For kaccha houses, the major material is mud. The walls of these houses are
of mud and the roof is thatched.
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SOURCE: AUTHOR
Different Kachcha and Pakka House in the

16
Villiage
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Household size
1
2
3
4
5
6 to 8
9+
13.43.15.2
7.2
12.4
34
24.7
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No. of dwelling rooms

3.1 4.1 1
26.8
7.2
18.6
No exclusive
room
2 rooms
4 rooms
6 rooms &
above
1 room
3 rooms
5 rooms
39.2
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Residence
7.3 14.4
Good
Livable
Dilapidated
78.2
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Ownership status
Owned
Rented
Others
100
6. AMENITIES
6.1 EDUCATION
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There are two government schools, a degree college namely Mangal Sen
College and 9-10 privately owned schools in the village. The quality of
education is very poor. Most of the schools remain closed, or there are no
teachers. The students prefer to go Aligarh or Bulandshahr for good and
higher education.
There are 176 students enrolled in the degree college and each of the
primary school has about 400 students.
Govt. Schools and Colleges

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Students
Govt.
Privat
Outsid
Do
26
43
9
22
Not
School
e
School
Chhat
Go
ari
Source :
Authors Primar
6.2 HEALTH
The health facilities of the village are really adverse. There is just one
government hospital in the village where doctors are hardly found. There are
a few private clinics, most of which are owned by BUMS and BIMS doctors.
The nearest proper hospital is about 13kms far, in Jawa, Aligarh block.
Critical cases are referred to JNMC, AMU, Aligarh.
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Source : Authors
Primary
Data Primary Data
Source
: Authors
6.3 OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE

ROADS
Pahasu is located along State Highway 63 . The major road of the village is
well constructed as it is the main route for going to Ahmadgarh and
Shikarpur. The secondary roads are either paved or interlocked with bricks.
All the other roads are Kachcha roads .
23
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EIDGAH AND TEMPLE
EIDGAH
TEMPLE
HAVELI
The Haveli was built in the 18th century by Nawabs. The Haveli has three
major areas: the living area, the kachehri, and the store cum godown. The
present condition of the fort is adverse and fort needs to be conserved.
24
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Architectural Elements in the Haveli

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Jaalis
Niches
Motifs
Windows
Doors
Arches
Jharokhas
Brackets
Mullions
7. GOVERNING BODY AND SERVICES

There is a Nagar Panchayat in Pahasu, which controls all the administrative
work. All the disputes are also seen by Nagar Panchayat. For bigger issues,
there is a main thana on NH93 namely Pahasu Thana. The head of the Nagar
Panchayat is Chairman.
The current Chairman of the Nagar Panchayat is Mr. Shailendra Yadav (Gappu
Yadav ) .
All the property related legal work is done in Shikarpur District Tehsil.
7.1 DRAINAGE AND SEWAGE

The drainage of the village is towards Kalindi Nadi. All the water is collected
in the central drain. This water is cleaned by the Harijans and then the water
is released to the Kalindi Nadi.
The drains of the village are clean as they are cleaned regularly .
About 70% of the houses have septic tanks.
25
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7.2 ELECTRICITY
There is one electric station in Pahasu. Supply to this electric station is from
Dharpa Power Station . The average electricity supply is 12-14 hours a day in
winters and 6-8 hours in winters
.
ELECTRC SUBSTATION
AUTHOR
SOURCE:
7.3 WATER SUPPLY

There is government water supply all through the
village . There are two overhead tanks where water is
collected through motors. The water is supplied two
times a day ie : morning and evening .
2-3 houses have submersibles motors whereas 30% of
the houses have hand pumps other than government
supply. The water level is about 60 feet in the village.
For irrigation, water is drawn from the Ganges canal.
Overhead Tank
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7.4 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND GATHERING PLACES

There is no proper gathering place in Pahasu. There is a Ramlila Maidan
where people usually gather sometime . Other than this people gather at
empty plots, farms and grounds to pass their free time . This gathering is
majorly based on religion and caste .
Ramlila Maidan Entry
Ramlila Stage
7.5 FINANCE
There are 4 banks namely State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Central
Bank and Cooperative bank . Only the businessmen use the bank majorly .
The people are aware of the loan schemes of the bank , and farmers take
regular loans from the bank .
There are a few jewelers which give money on interest in lieu of gold or
other valuable assets.
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State Bank of India
Jewelry Shop
8. RELIGION AND CASTE SYSTEM

There are two religions in the village , i.e. Hinduism and Islam . The ratio of
Hindus and Muslims is almost equal in the village. There are a few localities
of Hindus and a few localities of Muslims and also a few localities with a
mixed population.
There is a bad caste system in Pahasu. People are segregated into different
castes throughout the Pahasu. There are all lower castes of Hindus and
Muslims living in different localities. The higher castes such as Brahmins ,
Syeds etc. have shifted to nearby cities.
RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES
There are 4 mandirs , 3 mosques and a madarsa in the village.
The major mandir is Shiv Mandir and the major mosque is Jama Masjid near
Haveli.
28
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Religious Structures
9 . GOVERNMENT SCHEMES AND THEIR AWARENESS

People were generally aware about the government schemes. They knew
how to take loans on their property and farming, and were well aware of the
helps and aids provided by the government.
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Major Schemes in the Village

BPL, AASRA YOJNA : To provide shelter to the people below poverty
line. 156 houses have already been allotted to the poor.
HIHH (Central Govt. Scheme ) : This scheme is also for allotting

pakka houses to poor.
High School / Intermediate Wazeefa : This scheme provides

scholarship to the students for higher studies.
Mid Day Meal

Adarsh Nagar Yojna : For roads and infrastructure
Rajvikt Aayog : For roads and infrastructure
Tervi Vikt Yojna : For roads and infrastructure
AASRA Yojna
10. INFERENCES
There is a strong social change in the village during the nawabs period
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Major
changes
:
Landuse
Industralization,Urbanisation,Economy,Educationally
change,
Infrastructure, migration are the major social changes in

the Pahasu
The study of Pahasu village shows the use of locally available building
material and natural resources to the optimum level.
Economically, the village is quiet backward, but everyone is improving their
habitat styles and living styles with respect to their incomes.
Also, Nawab,s haveli is a beautiful complex which in a depraved condition, in
dire need of conservation.
Habitat style changes from time to time due to the development of
construction techniques and on the basis of availability of material.
31
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11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTERVIEWS
1. Mr. Talekar (Shopkeeper, Phasau)
2. Mr . Shailendra Yadav ( Gappu Yadav)

(Chairman , Nagar panchayat )
Mr. Khalid Ansari , Haji Sharfuddin ,Vikrant Saini etc.
Sensus of India , 2011

SITES :
www.onefivenine.com
www.wIkipidia.org
www.mapsofindia.com
www.revolvy.com
www.collegedunia.com
www.panoramio.com
www.twocircles.net
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Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

7.4 COMMUNIACTION SYSTEM AND GATHERING PLACES

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

FIGURE 1. PAHASU MAP

2.2 AN OVERVIEW OF BULANDSHAHR

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

FIGURE 3. LOCATION MAP

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

2.6 LANDMARKS OF THE VILLAGE

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

3 . HISTORY AND NAWABS ERA

Nawab Sir Mohammed Faiz Ali Khan(1821-1894) of Pahasu

Nawab Sir Mohammed Faiyaz Ali Khan (1851-1922)

Nawab Mohammed Mukarram Ali Khan (1895-1969

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Nawab Mumtaz-ud-Dowlah Sir Muhammad Faiyaz Ali Khan of Pahasu

3.1 SOCIAL CHANGE

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Factors of Social Change:

(i) Material Culture:

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

field of interest. i.e jobs in nearby villages ,town

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

By horizontal social mobility is meant shifting from one social group to

4. SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITION OF HAVELI

The main occupation of the people in the village is Agriculture, Daily

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

4.3 FEMALE LIVELIHOOD

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Source : Authors Primary Data

Source : Authors Primary Data

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

FIGURE 19. MODERN PLAN

TYPICAL LAYOUT OF A HOUSE

5.1 BUILDING MATERIALS

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Different Kachcha and Pakka House in the

UL ABIDIN , B ARCH 4TH YEAR

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

No. of dwelling rooms

Source : Authors Primary Data

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Govt. Schools and Colleges

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

6.3 OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Source : Authors Primary Data

EIDGAH AND TEMPLE

Source : Authors Primary Data

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016

Source : Authors Primary Data

Architectural Elements in the Haveli

7. GOVERNING BODY AND SERVICES

7.1 DRAINAGE AND SEWAGE

Indian Habitat :Pahasu Village , Bulandshahr 2015-2016