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Ceramics 1 PDF
Ceramics 1 PDF
Biomedical Engineering
Sem-III
Semester: III
Introduction
Classification
Alumina
Zirconia and types
Bioglass
Calcium Phosphate
Tricalcium phosphate
Biomaterials
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OVERVIEW
Semester: III
Module 6
Biomaterials
INTRODUCTION
The word "ceramics" is derived from an
ancient Greek word "keramos", which refers
to potter's clay and the objects made from it.
Ceramics are refractory, polycrystalline
compounds, usually including
silicates,
metallic oxides,
Carbides
and various refractory hydrides, sulfides, and
selenides.
Oxides such as Al2O3, MgO, SiO2, etc. contain
metallic and nonmetallic elements.
Semester: III
Biomaterials
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INTRODUCTION
Biomaterials
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Semester: III
INTRODUCTION
Semester: III
Biomaterials
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INTRODUCTION
Semester: III
Biomaterials
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CLASSIFICATION
Semester: III
CLASSIFICATION
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Biomaterials
Nearly Inert
Alumina and Carbons shows little chemical
reactivity even after thousands of hours of
exposure
Exposure to pH
Minimal interfacial bonds with living
tissues
Fibrous capsule adjacent to alumina is only
few cells thick.
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CLASSIFICATION
Surface Reactive
Ceramics
behavior.
exhibit
an
intermediate
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Completely Resorbable
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CLASSIFICATION
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PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS
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PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS
High hardness and good wear resistance.
High toughness
Low thermal and electrical conductivity.
High creep resistance at elevated temperatures
Capacity to remain unreactive and inert when
exposed to severe environments
Can be magnetized and demagnetized, some
can be permanently magnetized
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CERAMICS
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EXPERTS SAY
Ceramics
Biomaterials
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Metals
WHAT
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Biomaterials
Prof. Arunkumar Ram
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Resistance to wear.
Stimulators
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Alumina-9
Quartz-8
Apatite-5
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bonding.
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ALUMINUM OXIDES
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native corundum.
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alumina
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ALUMINUM OXIDES
Chemical
Composition (wt%)
2 3
99.6
0.12
2 3
0.03
2 3
0.04
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ASTM Specifies 99.5% pure alumina and less than 0.1% of combined
2 and alkali oxides (mostly 2 3 ) for implant use.
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ALUMINUM OXIDES
Value
Flexural Strength
>400MPa
Elastic modulus
380GPa
Density
3.8-3.9 (/3 )
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ALUMINUM OXIDES
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ALUMINUM OXIDES
Applications
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Applications
Knee Prosthesis
Tooth Implants
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ALUMINUM OXIDES
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CALCIUM PHOSPHATES
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hydroxyapatite
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PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYAPATITE
Property
Value
40-117
294
147
Hardness (Gpa)
3.43
3.16
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MANUFACTURING OF HYDROXYAPATITE
Different
methods
developed
to
make
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MANUFACTURING OF HYDROXYAPATITE
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GLASS CERAMICS
Polycrystalline
ceramics
made
by
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controlled crystallization.
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This
possesses
excellent
thermal
and
mechanical properties.
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crystals (<1m).
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GLASS CERAMICS
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LiO2-ZnO-SiO2.
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with bone.
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GLASS CERAMICS
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Bioglass
in
SiO2
content
but
differs
The
mixture
are
melted
in
platinum
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cooled.
Nucleation
and
crystallization
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GLASS CERAMICS
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200MPa.
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Biomaterials
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CARBON
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carbon,
and
partially
crystalline
pyrolytic carbon.
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used.
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CARBON
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joint implants.
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STRUCTURE OF CARBON-QUASICRYSTAL
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Biomaterials
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STRUCTURE OF CARBON-QUASICRYSTAL
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STRUCTURE OF CARBON-QUASICRYSTAL
There
are
no
preferred
orientations
of
the
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STRUCTURE OF CARBON-VITREOUS
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Rayon
Polyacrylonitrile
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STRUCTURE OF CARBON-ULTI
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not
change
substrate
the
while
mechanical
biocompatibility
properties
of
of
carbon
the
is
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STRUCTURE OF CARBON-ULTI
and
grafts
without
changing
their
flexibility.
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implants
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STRUCTURE OF CARBON-ULTI
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PROPERTIES OF CARBON
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PROPERTIES OF CARBON
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properties
depend
mainly
on
the
aggregate
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PROPERTIES OF CARBON
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PROPERTIES OF CARBON
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PROPERTIES OF CARBON
Graphite and glassy carbon have much
lower mechanical strength than pyrolytic
carbon
However, the average modulus of elasticity
is almost the same for all carbons.
The strength of pyrolytic carbon is quite
high compared to graphite and glassy
carbon.
This is again due to the lesser amount of
flaws and unassociated carbons in the
aggregate.
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PROPERTIES OF CARBON
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PROPERTIES OF CARBON
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PROPERTIES OF CARBON
Carbons
with tissues.
In
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Pyrolysis
of
hydrocarbon
gas
(e.g.
methane)
at
applications in implants.
They
are
called
as
low-temperature
isotropic
(LTI)
carbons.
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The
density,
crystallite size,
and structure
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APPLICATIONS OF CARBON
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APPLICATIONS OF CARBON
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high-density
electrical
connectors
have
for
artificial
hearing
and
blind.
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APPLICATIONS OF CARBON
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APPLICATIONS OF CARBON
Carbon does not provoke an inflammatory
response in adjacent tissues and no foreign
body reactions to the material have been
observed.
Bone and soft tissues are much more
tolerant to carbon than other materials.
In most cases a thin sheath like capsule is
formed around the carbon coated implant,
which isolates it from the surrounding
tissues.
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of
moisture;
this
weakening
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