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Waves Summary
Waves Summary
The waves go one way, the vibration goes up and down at 90 degrees
This is 2 transv
erse waves to
One is an elec gether:
trical wave.
One is magnet
ic wave.
So we call it an
ElectroMagn
etic wave.
There are
lots of ele
have split ctromagn
them into eti
They all g 7 bits... bu c waves, and we
o at the s t more of
ame spee them late
d: 300 00 r.
0 000 m/s
These sea w
aves are
These are waves on th They can be quite big. (they transverse
e waves.
surface of the sea... have a “large amplitude”)
Sound is a
longitudinal wave.
u have to Some Ea
lo ngitu dinal wave yo rthquake
To mak e a forwards, waves ar
som ethi ng backwards and longitud
in
e
vibrate n. They are al.
not up and dow travel fa
called ‘P
wa
ster than ves’ and
‘S waves
’.
So, we
scans use them i
Humans can’t hear so to che n
unds made faster ck on pre-natal
than 20 000 vibration foeta (“befo
s a second. We call the fo l de re
them‘Ultrasound’. etus d velopmen birth”)
oing? t (‘ho
They are used in medi ’). w is
cine to scan
harmlessly inside th
e body...
Back to those electromagnetic waves... Are they transverse - yes...Do they all go at the same speed - yes
We split them into 7 groups...
ler...
are a bit smal
Microwaves d
of a han
about the size
Here’s a toaster,
Infra Red is given off Oddly, remote controls use photographed with a camera
(“emitted”) by all objects. small amounts of them that can ‘see’ infra red...
Hotter objects give off more...
c waves
The only electromagneti Next is Ultra
Violet (‘furth
es is
you can see with your ey on than viole er
sible light’. t’)
what we call ‘vi Camera’s
Bank notes ca
n be checked
. rem em ber KS3 detect the
Huh? ROYGBIV.. m with a UV lam
p...
colours...?
And of co
urse, you
can top u
p your
tan with
a UV sun
bed.
But don’t
complain
about th
e
dangerou
s skin
burns an
possible d
cancers..
.
Protect your va
luable
items?... use sp
ecial inks that
can only shine
when UV light
is used...
Waves cha
nge directi
when they on
go into a n
material... e w
Changing
direction
like this is
called Refr
action.
ge direction
e w aves also chan
Earthqu ak h’s insides.
ey go through the Eart
when th
s look
Internal reflection do
esn’t This is how fibre optic
light is
happen totally to all the
light so pretty - all the ...And we use this
ds of
until it hits the inside su
rface at a trapped inside after loa fastest communic
to make the
on s...
big enough angle - the
critical Total Internal Reflecti networks: signal
ations
angle. Then all light bo s made of
unces off light trapped insid
the inside... e bendable
fibres.
BIT...
THE MATHS
Frequency is a num
ber. It is the answer
question: How man to this
y waves are there ea
ch
second?
You’l have to learn this Wavelength? measu
re this from a pictur
formula... doesn’t happen in th e if it
e question...
rth?
ts of the Ea
r
the pa R core
So, the top bit is the crust, but
o n’t know arn them. INNE it isn’t one bit. It’s lots of
D Le ore -
TER c
antle - OU cracked up bits.
T-M These bits are ‘plates’.
CRUS
know the
All seismic waves refract (‘bend’) as they go through the earth. This is why we
insides are denser, different materials.
Weird
l
When the plates rub, throu y, one seism
gh liq ic wav
notice u
vibrations happen. they c ids (the ‘S’ e can’t tra
Earth a w v
We call them Earthquakes. ’s ins n’t get thr aves). We el
The waves from the vibrations of the ides. ou gh a lso
Earth That’s a
we ca why w part of the
are called seismic waves.
outer e know par
ll the
core i
s a liq t
uid.