COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Instructor: Engr. Asim Rehmat

PROJECT REPORT
Wet Gas Reservoir Calculator

Group Members
Hafiz Muhammad Suleman

2014-PET-03

Hafiz Hamza Saleem

2014-PET-17

Hafiz Shoaib Maqbool

2014-PET-24

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

PROJECT REPORT

Table of Contents
1

Introduction..............................................................................................................................2

Problem Statement...................................................................................................................3

Objective..................................................................................................................................3

Working...................................................................................................................................3
4.1

Functions...........................................................................................................................3

4.1.1

Specific gravity..........................................................................................................3

4.1.2

Compressibility Factor...............................................................................................7

4.1.3

Formation Volume Factor..........................................................................................8

4.1.4

Viscosity....................................................................................................................8

4.1.5

Pseudo Reduced Temperature (Tpr) and Pseudo Reduced Pressure (Ppr)...................9

Importance...............................................................................................................................9

Program Features...................................................................................................................10

Conclusion.............................................................................................................................10

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

PROJECT REPORT

Project Report
1 Introduction
Reservoir is place inside the earth where hydrocarbons are stored. These hydrocarbons have
different composition which affects their phase i.e. they can be liquid or gases. Gases having
higher composition of intermediate components of hydrocarbons are wet gases. A reservoir can
have wet gases, dry gases or black oil depending on the composition of hydrocarbons.
Wet gases when produced on surface, certain amount of liquid is produced from them, due to
change in pressures. The key to analysis of the properties of wet gas is that the properties of the
surface gas are not the same as the properties of the reservoir gas. Liquid condenses from the
reservoir gas as it moves from reservoir conditions to the surface conditions. Thus the
composition of the surface gas is quite different from the composition of the reservoir gas.
At the surface there are two or three stage separation systems. Two stage separator includes
one separator and one stock tank while three stage separator system includes two separators and
one stock tank. Well stream is separated into stock tank liquid (condensate) separator gas or stock
tank gas. Properties of these surface gases and liquids are easily calculated by production data.
Properties of all three of these fluids must be included in the recombination calculation to
calculate reservoir wet gas properties.

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

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Figure 1.1- Two stage and Three stage Seperation System

2 Problem Statement
During initial production of wet gas from well, several properties of wet gases are required.
These properties of reservoir fluids helps to take critical decisions in order to take maximum
production. Several formulas and complex graphs are required with extensive calculation to
calculate these properties. A computer program can be used to calculate and evaluate all the
reservoir properties using formulas and equations of graph. This program can save valuable time
of petroleum engineer and provide error free results to petroleum engineer for taking critical
decisions.

3 Objective
To calculate the properties of wet gases i.e. specific gravity, formation volume factor, viscosity of
reservoir gas, compressibility factor, and pseudo reduced temperature and pseudo reduced
pressure.

4 Working
Computer program uses formulas and equations of graphs to calculate specific gravity,
compressibility factor, formation volume factor, viscosity, pseudo reduced temperature, and
pseudo reduced pressure. Each of these property have its own function which are described
below:

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

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4.1 Functions
Wet gas reservoir Calculator has different functions in its C++ source code which are explained
below in detail.

4.1.1 Specific gravity

It is the ratio of density of the wet gas to the density of ideal gas (air) at same conditions of
temperature and pressure. As the composition of wet gas changes on the surface its specific
gravity cannot be found directly. There are two methods to calculate specific gravity:
1. When separatror,stock tank gas and stock tank liquid properties are known

This cases can further have either two stage separation or three stage separation.
Two stage separation
In two stage separation we know the following properties of fluids

Gas oil ratio of separator

Gas oil ratio of stock tank
Specific gravity of separator
Specific gravity of stock tank
API of stock tank liquid

GOR
Number of standard cubic ft of gas dissolved per bbl of stock tank oil.
API Gravity

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

PROJECT REPORT
The American institute gravity or API gravity is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum
liquid is compared to water.

These properties are inputs for the function which gives specific gravity of reservoir gas.
Following formulas are used in two stage separation.

Function in Source Code which calculates specific gravity using two stage separator is:
float TwoStageSeparator(float Rsp1, float Rst, float SGsp1, float SGstg, float API, float *VEQ)
Three stage separation
In three stage separation there are two separators and one stock tank and in this case following
properties are known

GOR of primary separator

GOR of secondary separator
GOR of stock tank
Specific Gravity of primary Separator
Specific Gravity of Secondary Separator
Specific Gravity of Stock tank.
API Gravity of Stock tank.

Following Formulas are used to calculate the specific gravity using three stage separator.

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

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Function in Source Code which calculates specific gravity using three stage separator is:
float ThreeStageSeparator(float Rsp1, float Rsp2, float Rst, float SGsp1, float SGsp2, float
SGstg, float API, float *VEQ)
2. When stock tank gas properties are not known
Very often the specific gravity of the stock tank gas are not measured. Sometimes in three stage
separation system, the quantity of secondary separator gas is unknown. A Formula is available
for this situation.

VEQ:
The equivalent volume is the volume of separator gas and stock tank gas in standard cubic
feet/stock tank bbl. plus the volume in scf that would be occupied by the bbl. of stock tank liquid
if it were a gas.
For Two stage

Where;

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

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For Three stage

Where;

AGP
The additional gas produced AGP is related to the mass of gas produced from second separator
and the stock tank.
For two Stage Separation System

Where;

For Three Stage Separation System

Where;

For Two Stage Separator Function in Source Code is:

float TwoStageSeparator1(float Rsp1, float SGsp1, float Psp1, float Tsp1, float API, float *VEQ)
For Three Stage Separator, Function in Source Code is:

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

PROJECT REPORT
float ThreeStageSeparator1(float Rsp1, float SGsp1, float Psp1, float Tsp1, float Tsp2, float API,
float *VEQ)
4.1.2 Compressibility Factor
The compressibility factor is the ratio of volume occupied by gas to the volume occupied by
same gas when it is behaving ideally.
Z=

Vactual
Videal

Compressibility factor is measured using Tr, Pr and Specific Gravity res.g . Specific gravity of wet
gas is output of first function.

Function for Calculating Z Factor in Programm is:

float zfactor(float Tpr, float Ppr)
4.1.3 Formation Volume Factor
Volume of reservoir gas required to produce one standard cubic feet of gas at surface. Following
inputs are used to calculate the Formation Volume Factor.

Gas oil ratio of primary separator

Compressibility Factor
Reservoir Temperature
Reservoir Pressure
VEQ

Equation Used to Calculate FVF is;

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

PROJECT REPORT
Function in Program for FVF is:
float FVF(float Rsp1, float z, float VEQ, float Tr, float Pr)
4.1.4 Viscosity
It is defined as resistant to flow of fluids.
Following Parameters are used to calculate the viscosity of reservoir gas.

Specific Gravity of reservoir Gas

Reservoir Temperature (Tr)
Reservoir Pressure (Pr)
Compressibility Factor (z)

Formula Used to calculate viscosity of wet gas is

Where;

Function used in program for calculating viscosity of wet gases is:

float viscosity(float Tr, float Pr, float SGrg, float z)
4.1.5 Pseudo Reduced Temperature (Tpr) and Pseudo Reduced Pressure (Ppr)
Reduced temperature and reduced pressure are defined as;

Where;

Tpr=

T
Tpc

Ppr=

P
Ppc

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

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Functions used for Tpr and Ppr is:

float RTpr (float Tr, float SGrg)
and
float RPpr (float Pr, float SGrg)

5 Importance

In Case of wet gas reservoir, the gas from the reservoir is converted to gas as well as
liquid when it comes to the surface. So the specific gravity of surface gas is different
from the reservoir gas. For this reason we have to calculate the specific gravity of wet gas
in order to determine its other properties.
Tpr and Ppr values are used to calculate the compressibility factor of wet gas using Law of
Corresponding states.
The Z-factor of the gas tells us about the deviation of the gas from the ideal behavior. It is
used to calculate viscosity and formation volume factor of the wet gas.
Formation Volume Factor tells us about the number of reservoir barrels required to
produce one stock tank barrel of oil. In this way it tells us about the production of oil and
hence the economic potential of reservoir.
Viscosity is an important property of fluid. In Petroleum industry, if viscosity of gas is
high the production and flow rate will be less. So we must know the viscosity of the gas
in order to determine the recovery from the reservoir.
Viscosity of wet gas helps to determine the secondary and tertiary recovery techniques
needed to be applied during production from well.

6 Program Features

In manual calculations of these properties we have to use certain graphs but in this program
we do not need any graphs so our task becomes easier.
We get more precise results using this program as the errors in the reading of graphs (in
manual calculations) are omitted.
Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator can determine all the properties at the same time or
you can calculate properties of your choice individually.

Wet Gas Reservoir Properties Calculator

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7 Conclusion
WGRP Calculator is very important petroleum industry. This calculator is helpful in determining
the properties of wet gas easily and more efficiently using C++ language. It involves the use of
coding from source library and displays accurate results on the screen. Hence the WGRP
Calculator is easy, efficient and quick manner of knowing the properties of wet gas.