Gas Turbine Training Manual

OPERATING SEQUENCE
The following flow chart pertains to typical operation of a Frame 6 gas turbine unit designed
for generator drive application. The differences from unit to unit (which are based on the
specific requirements of each unit) are not discussed here. Refer to the project or unit
specific documentation for more details.
Operational information includes startup and shutdown sequencing in the auto mode of
operation. This is intended to cover normal operation and assumes that initial startup,
calibration and checkouts have been completed and that the turbine is in the stand by mode
ready for operation with ac and dc power available for all equipment, and all annunciators
are cleared.
The following flow chart lists operator control system and machine actions or events in the
starting sequence of the gas turbine.

BHEL-GE Gas Turbine Services Ltd

GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

NORMAL START

Operator Selects Normal Display

SHUTDOWN STATUS }
Not Ready to Start
} Displays
Off Cool Down
}
Off Select
}
Operator presses Auto and then Execute
LED next to AUTO Comes on Steady

Auto Start
Startup Statust
Shutdown Status
Off Select

}
} Displays
}
}

Protection System Checks Ready to Start Permissive

1.
Generator Lockout relay is reset
2.
Turbine is at zero speed
3.
Lube oil tank temperature is normal
4.
Over speed bolt is not tripped
5.
Flame is not detected in all the scanners
6.
OFF is not selected
7.
Fuel valve is closed an lockout reset
8.
Compressor or bleed valves are open
9.
IGVs are closed
10. Master Protective 4 logic is reset
11. <R> , <S> and <T> Master Protective Agree
12. Emergency Lube oil Pump voltage is normal
13. Diesel Test is not in progress
14. Off line diagnostics are not in progress
15. <R>, <S> and <T> communication links healthy
16. Generator breaker is open
17. Diesel warm up timer reset
18. Multiple starts counter reset

All Trip functions are checked to be in the Not Tripped and reset

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GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

Ready to Start displayed
Not Ready to Start goes off
Operator presses Start and then Execute
LED next to Start is blinking

Protection system checks Start Command permissives:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Base, Peak or Pre-selected load is not selected

<C> Communication link is healthy and reset
Auxiliary checks are good
Starting Device trip is reset
Multiple start counter is reset
Emergency Push button is reset
Stop sequence is not in progress
Generator breaker closing timer is reset
Control is not in OFF mode

LED next to Start is steady ON

Start Select
Sequence in Progress displayed
Off Cool Down goes off
Manual Initiated Starts counter incremented
Auto Synch permissive is latched
Turbine speed reference TNR is preset to start value
Multiple start timer is started
Fast start system is disabled
AC lube oil pump is started
Hydraulic ratchet Pump is started (88HR) if not done already
Starting clutch solenoid energized (20CS)
Jaw clutch is engaged and feedback is obtained through 33CSE
Master Protective System Energizes ( L4)
Starting displayed
Ready to Start goes off

BHEL-GE Gas Turbine Services Ltd

GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

Auxiliary Hydraulic Pump is started (88HQ)

Diesel stop valve is energized (20 DV)
Diesel engine cranking motor starts for 5 seconds (88DC)
Diesel engine starts and Diesel lube oil pressure pickups (63QD)
Total starts counter is incremented by 1
Distillate Fuel forwarding pump is
started:
5 sec later distillate fuel stop
valve (20FD) is energized
Liquid Fuel Purge solenoid valve
(20PL) is de-energized

On
Liquid?
No

Gas Fuel Trip servo solenoid is energized (20FG)

Liquid Fuel purge solenoid is energized (20PL)

Diesel engine reaches minimum speed (idle speed)

Diesel engine goes on 2 minute warm up
Warm up completes. Diesel engine accelerating
Diesel engine accelerating Solenoid is energized (20DA-2)

Hydraulic ratchet starts continuous ratchet

Turbine breaks away (L14HR becomes zero)
Cranking displayed
Starting goes off
Starting clutch solenoid de-energized (20CS)
Hydraulic ratchet pump shutdown
NOTE: Jaw clutch is held engaged by the torque of diesel engine
Diesel engine reaches its cranking speed (14DC)
Diesel engine accelerating solenoid valve de-energized (20DA-2)
Diesel engine cranking speed drops out (14DC)
Diesel cranking speed locking solenoid energized (20DA-1) and speed stays
constant

BHEL-GE Gas Turbine Services Ltd

GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

On Gas?

Gas Fuel vent solenoid

is energized (20VG)

No
Turbine Air Inlet separator Motor (88TA) started (if used)
Turbine accelerates to minimum firing speed (14HM)

Crank
Select?

End of Sequence

No
Auxiliary Turbine Vent timer energized (2TV)
Ignition relay is energized after time out (2TVX)
Spark plugs are energized (95SP)
60 second Firing timer is started (2TF)

No

On
Liquid ?

Yes

Permissive for SRV to open is enabled

Permissive for GCV to open is enabled
Energizes Liquid fuel trip solenoid (20FL)
Energizes fuel pump clutch solenoid (20CF)
Permissive for Fuel Pump Bypass valve to operate is
enabled

Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR) is set to Firing Value, which in turn is FSR
OUT for Gas and FQROUT for liquid

BHEL-GE Gas Turbine Services Ltd

GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

Firing displayed
Startup Control displayed
Cranking goes off

Flame is
detected in 2 out
of 4 scanned

Yes

Flame is steady
for 2 sec before
firing timer
Times out

Yes

FSR cuts back to warm up

value
Firing goes off
Warming up
displayed

Fire
Select?

End of
Sequence

No

No

Failure to Fire alarm appears

Operator presses Crank and then
Execute
Crank LED comes steady ON
Operator presses Fire or Auto and
then Execute
LED comes steady ON
Turbine vent timer is started for air
purge

Warm up timer starts (60 sec) (2W)

Turbine compartment vent fans are started (88BT)
Fired hours timer is energized
Fired starts counter is incremented by 1
After warm up timer times out, FSR is increased at a predetermined rate to the
accelerate limit FSR
Diesel engine locking solenoid is de-energized (20DA-1)
Diesel accelerating solenoid is energized (20DA-2)

BHEL-GE Gas Turbine Services Ltd

GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

Turbine accelerates
Turbine reaches acceleration set point (14HA) at approximately 50% speed
Between 55 to 60% speed, diesel engine torque into turbine becomes low and the
jaw clutch disengages as detected by the limit switch (33CS) and the diesel engine
cool down timer starts. Diesel engine accelerating solenoid de-energizes and the
diesel engine will idle until the cool down timer times out (5 minutes)
Turbine accelerates further

At about 97% speed, 14HS speed relay picks up.

Inlet Guide vanes solenoid energizes (20TV) to open IGVs to 57 deg
Compressor Bleed valves are closed
Generator Field Flashing relay (41FX) picks up.

Turbine Exhaust Frame cooling fans are started (88TK-1 and 2)

Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump is stopped
Auxiliary Hydraulic Pump is stopped

Yes
On
Gas?

Energize Atomizing Air

Bypass valve Solenoid
(20AA)

Enables Operator to transfer

From one fuel to the other
Control system goes through complete sequence checks
Above operating speed (14HS)
AC Lube oil pump is off
DC lube oil pump is off
AC Hydraulic Pump is off
Jaw clutch is disengaged

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GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

Complete Sequence displayed
Sequence in Progress goes off
Start Select goes off
Enables manual raise / lower of the turbine speed reference TNR.
Closes compressor bleed valves (20CB), if not already closed
Note : Shuts of black start inverter on black start
Run Status displayed
Full Speed No Load displayed
Start up Status goes off
Cranking goes off

Is Generator
Synchronizing
Selector in
AUTO

End of Sequence

Synchronizing Control takes over to synchronize the unit

Synh. Control displayed

Speed Control goes off.
Synchronize Status displayed
Full Speed No Load goes off.
If Auto Synch permissives are OK, generator and lin are present an
dabove the minimums, the control system will modultae FSR to bring
the speed TNH to 100.3% of the station line frequency ande close the
generator breaker when the phase angle is OK
Synch Control goes off
Startup Control displayed

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GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

Loading displayed
Speed control displayed

Pre-selected
load is
selected?

Turbine speed reference

increase until the pre-selected
load is reached
Pre-Selected displayed
Loading goes off
Cranking goes off

Base
Select

End of Sequence

Unit goes to spinning

reserve ; end of sequence
Loading displayed
Synchronizing goes off

Spinning
Reserve
displayed

Turbine speed difference increases until

temperature control limit is reached.
Temperature Control displayed
Speed Control goes off
Base Load is displayed
Loading goes off

End of Sequence

BHEL-GE Gas Turbine Services Ltd

GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

Normal Shutdown

Operator presses Stop then Execute

LED comes steady ON

Stop Select displayed

Unloading displayed
Base Load goes off
Temperature Control goes off
Sequence in Progress displayed

Turbine Speed Reference TNR is reduced at a predetermined rate to

unload the unit
When the load is low enough to trip the reverse power relay, the
generator breaker opens
Unloading goes off
Fired Shutdown displayed
FSR is reduced at a predetermined rate to reduce speed of turbine
Auxiliary Lube oil Pump is started when speed falls below 14HS
Auxiliary Hydraulic pump is started when speed falls below 14HS
Compressor bleed valves are open
IFV is closed

On
Liquid

Atomizing Air
bypass solenoid
de-energizes

Yes
Turbine decelerates below the acceleration speed set point (14HA).
At about 20% speed shutdown command is given to close fuel valves

BHEL-GE Gas Turbine Services Ltd

GTSTAR01-1001

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Gas Turbine Training Manual

No

On
Liquid

Distillate Fuel forwarding pump shuts down

Liquid Fuel Stop valve solenoid is de-energized and stop valve
is closed
Liquid Fuel Pump Clutch is disengaged

Liquid Fuel Air Purge Solenoid

de-energized (20PL)

Coasting Down Displayed

Stop Select goes off
Speed Control goes off
Turbine coasts down to zero speed (14HR)
Turbine Inlet air dirt separator fan motor (88TA) is stopped if used
Gas Fuel vent solenoid is deenergized (20VG)
Starting clutch solenoid is energized (20CS)
Jaw clutch engages
Hydraulic ratchet starts
Sequence in Progress displayed
On Cool down displayed

End of Sequence

BHEL-GE Gas Turbine Services Ltd

GTSTAR01-1001

Page 11 of 11