EXPERIMENT IV

BASIC APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

OBJECT:
Basic applications of operational amplifiers (op-amps) are introduced.
EQUIPMENT LIST:
Digital Oscilloscope,
Function\Arbitrary Waveform Generator,
DC Power Supply,
Op-Amp (A741),
Resistors (4 x 1k, 2 x 1.2k, 1.8k, 2.2k, 12k),
Capacitor (1 F).
PRELIMINARY WORK:
Assume that the op-amps are ideal.
1)

Find the expression relating the output voltage to the input voltage, where
vin(t)=(3sin1000t) volts, and plot vo(t) versus vin(t) for each of the following circuits.

a. Buffer
+12V
2
7
3

vo(t)

-12V

vin(t)

Figure 4.1
b. Inverting Amplifier
R2

R1
+
v in(t)

R1 = 1.2 k
R2 = 12 k

+12V
2
7
3

v o(t)
6

4
-12V

Figure 4.2

c. Non-inverting Amplifier
R2
R1 = 1.2 k
R2 = 12 k

+12V

R1

2
3

+
v in(t)

v o(t)
6

4
-12V

Figure 4.3

2)

Find the expression relating vo(t) to va(t) and vb(t), where va(t)=(2sin1000t) volts and
vb(t) = 2 V. Then, plot vo(t) for the following circuits.

a. Summing Inverter
Rf
R1 = R2 = Rf = 1 k

R1
Va(t)+

+12V
7
2
-

Vb(t)
+
_

R2

v o(t)
6

+
4
-12V

Figure 4.4
b. Difference Amplifier
R2

+12V
7
2
-

R1
Va(t) +
Vb (t) +

3
R3
R4

v o(t)
6

+
4
-12V

R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = 1 k

Figure 4.5

3)

Negative Resistance Converter

Rf

a
+

i(t)

R1 = 2.2 k
R2 = 1.2 k
R1 = 2.2 k
Rf = 1.8 k

+12V
7
2
6
3

+
4

R2 = 1.2 k
R3 = 1.8 k
vo(t)

-12V
v(t)
R1
R2
_
b

Figure 4.6
a.
b.
c.
d.

Find the expression relating vo(t) to v(t) and plot vo versus v.

Find the expression relating i(t) to v(t) and plot i versus v.
Propose a method to find the i-v characteristics using the digital oscilloscope.
Connect a capacitor C of capacitance 1F across the terminals a and b, and find the
capacitor voltage vC(t). Which elements affect the frequency of oscillation? How?
Hint: In part d. consider the possibility that the Op AMP might be in saturation.

EXPERIMENTAL WORK:
IMPORTANT REMARK: Set the function generator to the High Z mode during the
experiment.
1)
a. Set up the circuit in figure 4.1. Observe vin(t) and vo(t) on the oscilloscope. Obtain and
plot vo versus vin using the XY mode on the oscilloscope.
b. Repeat part-a with the circuit in figure 4.2.
c. Repeat part-a with the circuit in figure 4.3.
2)
a. Set up the circuit in figure 4.4. Obtain and plot output voltage waveforms.
b. Repeat part-a with the circuit in figure 4.5
3)
Set up the circuit in Fig 4.6.
a. Apply an input of vin(t)=10sin(100t) V across the terminals a and b. Obtain and plot vov characteristics.
b. Obtain and plot i-v characteristics. You can use the same input as in part-a. Here, you
should use the method of obtaining i-v characteristics you have learned in ExperimentIV. In this method, you should connect a resistor of 1k between the signal generator
and the terminal a in order to observe the current i. Connect the ground of the signal
generator and the COM port of the DC supply to terminal b. Connect the grounds of
the probes of the digital oscilloscope to terminal a. Connect CH1 to terminal b and CH2
to signal generators red lead. Invert CH1 and switch into XY mode from the
Main/Delayed button on the oscilloscope.
3

c. Connect a 1F capacitor across terminals a and b. The function generator used in the
previous steps should be disconnected. Obtain and plot vc(t) and vo(t) on the same
graph.