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Nice - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Nice - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Nice
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Nice
Flag
Coat of arms
Nice
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Contents
1 History
1.1 Foundation
1.2 Early development
1.3 Defenses
1.4 Nice and Savoy
1.5 French Nice
2 Coat of arms
3 Administration
4 Climate
5 Vegetation and geography
6 Economy and tourism
7 Transport
8 Sights
8.1 Squares
8.1.1 Place Massna
8.1.2 Place Garibaldi
8.1.3 Place Rossetti
8.1.4 Cours Saleya
8.1.5 Place du Palais
8.2 Religious
8.3 Sports and entertainment
9 Sport
10 Population
11 Observatory
12 Culture
13 Cuisine
14 Education
15 International relations
15.1 Twin towns Sister cities
16 Notable people
17 See also
18 References
19 Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nice
Country
Region
Department
Arrondissement
Intercommunality
France
Provence-Alpes-Cte d'Azur
Alpes-Maritimes
Nice
Nice-Cte d'Azur
Government
Mayor (2014
20)
Christian Estrosi
Area1
71.92km2 (27.77sqmi)
Population
(2012)2
Rank
Density
343,629
Urban(2008)
INSEE/Postal
code
5th in France
4,800/km2 (12,000/sqmi)
1,005,230
06088 (http://www.insee.fr/fr/t
hemes/tableau_local.asp?ref_id
=POP&millesime=2010&nivge
o=COM&codgeo=06088) /
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20 External links
History
Foundation
The rst known hominid settlements in the Nice area date back about
400,000 years;[9] the Terra Amata archeological site shows one of the
earliest uses of re, construction of houses, and int ndings dated to
around 230,000 years ago.[10] Nice (Nicaea) was probably founded
around 350 BC by the Greeks of Massilia (Marseille), and was given
the name of Nikaia () in honour of a victory over the
neighbouring Ligurians; (Nike) was the Greek goddess of
victory. The city soon became one of the busiest trading ports on the
Ligurian coast; but it had an important rival in the Roman town of
Cemenelum, which continued to exist as a separate city until the time
of the Lombard invasions. The ruins of Cemenelum are in Cimiez,
which is now a district of Nice.
Early development
In the 7th century, Nice joined the Genoese League formed by the towns of
Liguria. In 729 the city repulsed the Saracens; but in 859 and again in 880
the Saracens pillaged and burned it, and for most of the 10th century
remained masters of the surrounding country.
During the Middle Ages, Nice participated in the wars and history of Italy.
As an ally of Pisa it was the enemy of Genoa, and both the King of France
and the Holy Roman Emperor endeavoured to subjugate it; but in spite of
this it maintained its municipal liberties. During the 13th and 14th centuries
the city fell more than once into the hands of the Counts of Provence, but it
regained its independence even though related to Genoa.
Defenses
The medieval city walls surrounded the Old Town. The landward side was
protected by the River Paillon, which was later covered over and is now the
tram route towards the Acropolis.
The east side of the town was protected by fortications on Castle Hill. Another river owed into the port on
the east side of Castle Hill. Engravings suggest that the port area was also defended by walls.
Under Monoprix in Place de Garibaldi are excavated remains of a well-defended city gate on the main road
from Turin.
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In 1388 the commune placed itself under the protection of the Counts of
Savoy. Nice participated directly or indirectly in the history of Savoy
until 1860.
The maritime strength of Nice now rapidly increased until it was able to cope
with the Barbary pirates; the fortications were largely extended and the
roads to the city improved. In 1561 Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
abolished the use of Latin as an administrative language and established the
Italian language as the ofcial language of government affairs in Nice.
During the struggle between Francis I and Charles V great damage was
caused by the passage of the armies invading Provence; pestilence and
famine raged in the city for several years. In 1538, in the nearby town of
Villeneuve-Loubet, through the mediation of Pope Paul III, the two
Nice in 1624
French Nice
After the Treaty of Turin was signed in 1860 between the Sardinian king and
Napoleon III, the County was again and denitively ceded to France as a territorial reward for French
assistance in the Second Italian War of Independence against Austria, which saw Lombardy united with
Piedmont-Sardinia. The cession was ratied by a regional referendum: over 25,000 electors out of a total of
30,700 were in favour of the attachment to France. Savoy was also transferred to the French crown by
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similar means. Giuseppe Garibaldi, born in Nice, opposed the cession to France, arguing that the ballot was
rigged by the French. Italian irredentists considered Nice one of their main nationalist goals, along with
Istria, Dalmatia, Corsica and Trentino. In 19421943 the city was occupied and administered by Italy.
The 20th century saw the arrival of modern transportation. In 1900, the Tramway de Nice electried its
horse-drawn streetcars and spread its network to the entire dpartement from Menton to Cagnes-sur-Mer. By
the 1930s more bus connections were added in the area. In the 1930s Nice hosted international car racing in
the Formula Libre (predecessor to Formula One) on the so-called Circuit Nice. The circuit started along the
waterfront just south of the Jardin Albert I, then headed westward along the Promenade des Anglais
followed by a hairpin turn at the Hotel Negresco to come back eastward and around the Jardin Albert I
before heading again east along the beach on the Quai des Etats-Unis.
As war broke out in September 1939, Nice became a city of refuge for many displaced foreigners, notably
Jews eeing the Nazi progression into Eastern Europe. From Nice many sought further shelter in the French
colonies, Morocco and North and South America. After July 1940 and the establishment of the Vichy
Regime, antisemitic aggressions accelerated the exodus, starting in July 1941 and continuing through 1942.
On 26 August 1942, 655 Jews of foreign origin were rounded up by the Laval government and interned in
the Auvare barracks. Of these, 560 were deported to Drancy internment camp on 31 August 1942. Due to the
activity of the Jewish banker Angelo Donati and of the Capuchin friar Pre Marie-Benot the local
authorities hindered the application of anti-Jewish Vichy laws.[12]
The rst rsistants to the new regime were a group of High School seniors of the Lyce de Nice, now Lyce
Massna, in September 1940, later arrested and executed in 1944 near Castellane. The rst public
demonstrations occurred on 14 July 1942 when several hundred protesters took to the streets along the
Avenue de la Victoire and in the Place Massna. In November 1942 German troops moved into most of
unoccupied France, but Italian troops moved into a smaller zone including Nice. A certain ambivalence
remained among the population, many of whom were recent immigrants of Italian ancestry. However, the
resistance gained momentum after the Italian surrender in 1943 when the German army occupied the former
Italian zone. Reprisals intensied between December 1943 and July 1944, when many partisans were
tortured and executed by the local Gestapo and the French Milice. Nice was also heavily bombarded by
American aircraft in preparation for the Allied landing in Provence (1000 dead or wounded and more than
5600 people homeless) and famine ensued during summer 1944. American paratroopers entered the city on
30 August 1944 and Nice was nally liberated. The consequences of the war were heavy: the population
decreased by 15% and economic life was totally disrupted.
In the second half of the 20th century, Nice enjoyed an economic
boom primarily driven by tourism and construction. Two men
dominated this period: Jean Mdecin, mayor for 33 years from 1928
to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and his son Jacques, mayor for 24
years from 1966 to 1990. Under their leadership, there was extensive
urban renewal, including many new constructions. These included
the convention centre, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways.
The arrival of the Pieds-Noirs, refugees from Algeria after 1962
independence, also gave the city a boost and somewhat changed the
make-up of its population and traditional views. By the late 1980s,
rumors of political corruption in the city government surfaced; and
eventually formal accusations against Jacques Mdecin forced him to
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ee France in 1990. Later arrested in Uruguay in 1993, he was extradited back to France in 1994, convicted
of several counts of corruption and associated crimes and sentenced to imprisonment.
On 16 October 1979, a landslide and an undersea slide caused two tsunamis that hit the western coast of
Nice; these events killed between 8 and 23 people.
In February 2001, European leaders met in Nice to negotiate and sign what is now the Treaty of Nice,
amending the institutions of the European Union.
In 2003, local Chief Prosecutor ric de Montgoler alleged that some judicial cases involving local
personalities had been suspiciously derailed by the local judiciary, which he suspected of having unhealthy
contacts through Masonic lodges with the defendants. A controversial ofcial report stated later that
Montgoler had made unwarranted accusations.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Nice appeared for the rst time in a copy of the
Regulations of Amadeus VIII, probably written around 1430.[13] The Nice is
symbolised by a red eagle on white background, placed on three mountains,
which can be described in French heraldic language as "d'argent une aigle
de gueule pose sur trois coupeaux".[13] ("Argent, an eagle gules on a
coupeau of three") The arms have only undergone minor changes: the eagle
has become more and more stylised, it now "wears" a coronet for the County
of Nice, and the three mountains are now surrounded by a stylised sea.[13]
The presence of the eagle, an imperial emblem, shows that these arms are
related to the power of the House of Savoy. The eagle standing over the three
hills is a depiction of Savoy, referring to its domination over the country
around Nice.[13] The combination of white and red (argent and gules) is a reference to the colours of the ag
of Savoy.[13] The three mountains symbolise a territorial honour, without concern for geographic realism.[13]
Administration
Located in the Provence-Alpes-Cte d'Azur region, Nice is a commune and the prefecture (administrative
capital) of the Alpes-Maritimes dpartement. However, it is also the largest city in France that is not a
regional capital; the much larger Marseille is its regional capital. The current mayor of Nice is Christian
Estrosi who was elected in 2008. He was reelected for a second term in April 2014 ( that will end in 2020).
He is a member of the Republicans (formerly the Union for a Popular Movement), the party supporting
former President Nicolas Sarkozy.
Climate
Nice has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Kppen: Csa), enjoying mild winters with moderate rainfall.
It is one of the warmest Mediterranean climates for its latitude. Summers are hot, dry, and sunny. Rainfall is
rare in this season, and a typical July month only records one or two days with measurable rainfall. The
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Jan
Feb
Mar
26.1
(79)
Average
13.1 13.4 15.2
high C (F) (55.6) (56.1) (59.4)
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
26.0
30.3 36.8 36.3
37.7
(78.8) (86.5) (98.2) (97.3) (99.9)
17
(63)
Sep
33.9
(93)
Oct
Nov
Dec
29.9
25.4 22.0
(85.8) (77.7) (71.6)
Year
37.7
(99.9)
2.9
3.7
8.1
11.7
11.4
7.6
4.2
0.1
2.7
(37.2) (38.7) (46.6) (53.1) (52.5) (45.7) (39.6) (32.2) (27.1)
7.2
(19)
Average
69.0 44.7 38.7
69.3
44.6 34.3 12.1
17.8
73.1 132.8 103.9 92.7
733
precipitation
(2.717) (1.76) (1.524) (2.728) (1.756) (1.35) (0.476) (0.701) (2.878) (5.228) (4.091) (3.65) (28.859)
mm (inches)
Average
precipitation
days
61
Mean
monthly
sunshine
hours
158
171
217
224
267
306
348
316
242
187
149
139
2,724
Percent
possible
sunshine
54
58
59
56
58
66
74
73
65
55
51
50
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and gardens. Palms, eucalyptus and citrus fruits are among the trees
which give Nice a subtropical appearance. But there are also species
familiar to temperate areas around the world; examples include horse
chestnut, linden and even Norway spruce.
Geographically, Nice consists of two large bays. Villefranche-surMer sits on an enclosed bay, while the main expanse of the city lies
between the old port city and the Aeroport de Cte d'Azur, across a
gently curving bay. The city rises from the at beach into gentle
rising hills, then is bounded by surrounding mountains that represent
the Southern and nearly the Western extent of the Ligurian Alps
range.
Nice has one conference centre: the Palais des Congrs Acropolis. The city also has several business parks,
including l'Arenas, Nice the Plain, Nice Mridia, Saint Isidore, and the Northern Forum.
In addition, the city features several shopping centres such as Nicetoile, Nice TNL, Nice Lingostire,
Northern Forum, St-Isidore, the Trinity (around the Auchan hypermarket) and Cap3000 in Saint-Laurent-duVar.
Sophia Antipolis is a technology park northwest of Antibes. Much of the park is within the commune of
Valbonne. Established between 1970 and 1984, it primarily houses companies in the elds of computing,
electronics, pharmacology and biotechnology. Several institutions of higher learning are also located here,
along with the European headquarters of W3C. The park is named after Sophie Glikman-Toumarkine, the
wife of French Senator Pierre Laftte, founder of the park, and incidentally, Sophia, the goddess of wisdom.
The second half of the park's name is derived from Antipolis, the ancient Greek name of Antibes.
The Nice metropolitan area had a GDP amounting to $47.7 billion, and $34,480 per capita,[16] slightly lower
than the French average.
Transport
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Port
The port of Nice is also known as Lympia port. This name comes
from the Lympia spring which fed a small lake in a marshy zone
where work on the port was started in 1745. Today this is the
principal harbour installation of Nice there is also a small port in
the Carras district. The port is the rst port cement manufacturer in
France, linked to the treatment plants of the rollers of the valley of
Paillon. Fishing activities remain but the number of professional
shermen is now less than 10. Nice, being the point of continental
France nearest to Corsica, has ferry connections with the island
The port of Nice
developed with the arrival of NGV (navires grande vitesse) or
high-speed craft. Two companies provide the connections: SNCM, a
partially public company and Corsica Ferries Sardinia Ferries, an entirely private company. Located in
front of the port, the Place Cassini has been renamed Place of Corsica.
Nice Cte d'Azur Airport
Nice Cte d'Azur Airport is the third most important airport in France after Charles de Gaulle Airport and
Orly Airport, both in Paris. It is on the Promenade des Anglais, near l'Arnas and has two terminals. Due to
its proximity to the Principality of Monaco, it also serves as that citystate's airport. A helicopter service
provided by Heli Air Monaco and Monacair links the city and airport; it averages 39 ights a day. It is run
by the Chamber of Commerce and the Nice Cte d'Azur industry. Its director is Herv de Place, director of
the Cte d'Azur airports, which includes Cannes - Mandelieu Airport. In 2009, 9,830,987 passengers
travelled through the airport.[17]
Rail
The main railway station is Nice-Ville, served both by high speed TGV trains connecting Paris and Nice in
less than 6 hours and by local commuter TER services. Marseille is reached in 2.5 hours. Nice also has
international connections to Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, and Russia.[18] Nice is also served by several
suburban stations including Nice St-Augustin, Nice St-Roch and Nice Riquier.
Nice is also the southern terminus of the independently run Chemins de Fer de Provence railway line which
connects the city with Digne in approximatively 4 hours. A metro-like suburban service is also provided on
the southern part of the line.
Tram
Tramway de Nice began operating horse-drawn trams in 1879. Electried in 1900, the combined length of
the network reached 144km (89.48mi) by 1930. The replacement of trams with trolleybuses began in 1948
and was completed in 1953. In 2007, the new Tramway de Nice linked the northern and eastern suburbs via
the city centre. Two other lines are currently in the planning stage. The second line will run east-west from
Place Massna to the Nice Cte d'Azur Airport,[19] extending to Cagnes-sur-Mer and Le Port, while the third
line will provide a connection to the future TGV Nice Saint-Augustin Lingostire rail station.[20]
Road
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The A8 autoroute and the Route nationale 7 pass through the Nice agglomeration, linking Marseille with
Italy.
Sights
Panorama of the town (including many main sights, like Hotel Negresco) and the beach
In the second half of the 18th century, many wealthy English people
took to spending the winter in Nice, enjoying the panorama along the
coast. When a particularly harsh winter up north brought an inux of beggars to Nice, some of the rich
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Englishmen proposed a useful project for them: the construction of a
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Another place worth mentioning is the small street parallel to the Promenade des Anglais, leading from
Nice's downtown, beginning at Place Massna and running parallel to the promenade in the direction of the
airport for a short distance of about 4 blocks. This section of the city is referred to as the "Zone Pietonne", or
"Pedestrian Zone". Cars are not allowed (with exception to delivery trucks), making this avenue a popular
walkway. Here, tourists can nd a ne selection of restaurants, specializing in various types of cuisine,
including Nioise, French, Japanese, Chinese, Vietnamese, Spanish and Italian. There is also a large
selection of cafs where one can sit and enjoy an apritif, as well as several bakeries with coffee, cake, and a
terrace. There are also plenty of small shops selling clothing, shoes, and souvenirs.
Old Nice is also home to the Opra de Nice. It was constructed at the end of the 19th century under the
design of Franois Aune, to replace King Charles Flix's Maccarani Theater. Today, it is open to the public
and provides a regular program of performances.
Other sights include:
Chteau
Monument aux morts
The port
Cours Saleya
Jardin botanique de la Ville de Nice (botanical garden)
Musee Massena
March aux eurs
Old Nice
Grand Htel Imprial
Fort of Mont Alban
Squares
Place Massna
The Place Massna is the main square of the city. Before the Paillon River was covered over, the Pont-Neuf
was the only practicable way between the old town and the modern one. The square was thus divided into
two parts (North and South) in 1824. With the demolition of the Massna Casino in 1979, the Place Massna
became more spacious and less dense and is now bordered by red ochre buildings of Italian architecture.
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The recent rebuilding of the tramline gave the square back to the
pedestrians, restoring its status as a real Mediterranean square. It is
lined with palm trees and stone pines, instead of being the
rectangular roundabout of sorts it had become over the years. Since
its construction, the Place Massna has always been the spot for great
public events. It is used for concerts, and particularly during the
summer festivals, the Corso carnavalesque (carnival parade) in
February, the military procession of 14 July (Bastille Day) or other
traditional celebrations and banquets.
The Place Massna is a two-minute walk from the Promenade des
Anglais, old town, town centre, and Albert I Garden (Jardin Albert
Ier). It is also a large crossroads between several of the main streets
of the city: avenue Jean Mdecin, avenue Flix Faure, boulevard
Jean Jaurs, avenue de Verdun and rue Gioffredo.
Place Garibaldi
The Place Garibaldi also stands out for its architecture and history. It
is named after Giuseppe Garibaldi, hero of the Italian unication
(born in Nice in 1807 when Nice was part of the Napoleonic Empire,
Place Massna by night, 2012
before reverting to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia). The square
was built at the end of the 18th century and served as the entry gate
to the city and end of the road to Turin. It took several names between 1780
and 1870 (Plaa Pairoulira, Place de la Rpublique, Place Napolon, Place
d'Armes, Place Saint-Augustin, Piazza Vittorio) and nally Place Garibaldi
in September 1870.
A statue of Garibaldi, who was ercely in favour of the union of Nice with
Italy, stands in the centre of the square. The recent rebuilding of the area to
accommodate the new tramway line gave mostly the entire square to
pedestrians. The architecture is in line with the Turin model, which was the
norm of urban renewal throughout the entire realm of the House of Savoy.
Place Rossetti
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The Cathedral
Cours Saleya
The Cours Saleya is situated parallel to the Quai des tats-Unis. In
the past, it belonged to the upper classes. It is probably the most
traditional square of the town, with its daily ower market. The
Cours Saleya also opens on the Palais des Rois Sardes (Palace of the
Kings of Sardinia). In the present, the court is mostly a place of
entertainment. There are good restaurants serving typical Nicois
cuisine, markets and many pubs. It is no doubt one of the most active
spots in Nice.
Place du Palais
Religious
Sainte-Rparate Cathedral, 17th century
Russian Orthodox Cathedral
Notre-Dame de Nice
Sainte Jeanne d'Arc Church, 20th century
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Stade du Ray
Allianz Riviera
Stade Charles-Ehrmann
Palais Nikaia
Nice Jazz Festival
Sport
The city's major football club is OGC Nice. They play in Ligue
1 (the top division in France).
The Olympic Nice swimming club (French: Olympic Nice
Natation) is also notable; Camille Muffat and Yannick Agnel
used to train there for example.[21]
Nice hosts the nish of the annual cycling race ParisNice.
Population
Population Change (See database)
1793
1800
1806
1821
1836
1846
1856
1861
1866
24,117
18,475
19,783
25,231
33,811
39,000
44,091
48,273
50,180
1872
1876
1881
1886
1891
1896
1901
1906
1911
52,377
53,397
66,279
77,478
88,273
93,760
105,109
134,232
142,940
1921
1926
1931
1936
1946
1954
1962
1968
1975
155,839
184,441
219,549
241,916
211,165
244,360
292,958
322,442
344,481
1982
1990
1999
2006
2009
337,085
342,439
343,123
347,900
340,735
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The city saw a big demographic rise in the second half of the 19th
century, a period when the population more than doubled, mainly due
to French immigration. At the beginning of the 20th century, this rise
intensied with the arrival of internal immigrants from the County of
Nice itself.
After the First World War, the city had a strong increase in
population. Immigration was again the reason of this growth. The
hotel industry and that of the construction industry, in full strength in
Nice residents of Vietnamese descent
the 1920s, attracted the world more and more and thus made it
stand in front of one of the many
possible for Nice to become a town of national importance. In 1921,
Vietnamese restaurants of the city.
Nice then became the eleventh most populous town of France, then
in 1931, the eighth, before being ranked sixth in 1946; thereafter the
city reached its current demographic level due to the arrival of sixty thousand people including French
citizens from Algeria.
Since the 1970s, the number of inhabitants has not changed signicantly; the relatively high migration to
Nice is compensated by a natural negative growth of the population. Nice has a high proportion of elderly
people., and as such has one of the highest median ages in France.
Currently, the population of the city is growing again, the most likely reason of which is a preference for the
climate. Nice was projected to have 360,000 citizens in 2008, and will have 370,000 by 2012.
Observatory
The Observatoire de Nice (Nice Observatory) is located on the
summit of Mont Gros. The observatory was established in 1879 by
the banker Raphal Bischoffsheim. The architect was Charles
Garnier, and Gustave Eiffel designed the main dome.
The 76-cm (30-inch) refractor telescope that became operational in
1888 was at that time the world's largest telescope. It was
outperformed one year later by the 36-inch (91-cm) refractor at the
Lick Observatory at University of California, Santa Cruz.
Culture
Nice is one of the oldest human settlements in the world. Terra-Amata, an archaeological site dating from the
Lower Palaeolithic age, is situated near Nice. Nice itself was established by the ancient Greeks. There was
also an independent Roman city, Cemenelum, near Nice, where the hill of Cimiez is located. It is an
archaeological site with treasures, of which only a small part has been excavated. The excavated site
includes thermal baths, arenas and Roman road.
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Since the 2nd century AD, the light of the city has attracted many famous painters and sculptors such as
Chagall, Matisse, Niki de Saint Phalle, Klein, Arman and Sosno. Nice inspired many composers and
intellectuals in different countries e.g. Berlioz, Rossini, Nietzsche etc.
Nice also has numerous museums of all kinds: Muse Marc Chagall, Muse Matisse (arenas of Cimiez
containing Roman ruins), Muse des Beaux-Arts, Muse international d'Art naf Anatole Jakovsky, Muse
Terra-Amata, Museum of Asian Art, Muse d'art moderne et d'art contemporain which devotes much space
to the well-known cole of Nice ), Museum of Natural History, Muse Massna, Naval Museum and
Galerie des Ponchettes.
Being a vacation resort, Nice hosts many festivals throughout the year, such as the Carnaval de Nice and the
Nice Jazz Festival.
Nice has a distinct culture due to its unique history. The local language Niard (Nissart) is an Occitan dialect
(but some Italian scholars argue that it is a Ligurian dialect). It is still spoken by a substantial minority.
Strong Italian and (to a lesser extent) Corsican inuences make it more intelligible than other extant
Provenal dialects.
In the past, Nice welcomed many immigrants from Italy (who continue to make up a large proportion of the
population), as well as Spanish and Portuguese immigrants. However, in the past few decades immigration
has been opened to include immigrants from all over the world, particularly those from former Northern and
Western African colonies, as well as southeast Asia. Traditions are still alive, especially in folk music and
dances. The most famous dance is the farandole.
Since 1860 a cannon (based at the Chteau east of Old Nice) is shot at twelve o'clock sharp. The detonation
can be heard almost all over the city. This tradition goes back to Sir Thomas Coventry, who intended to
remind the citizens of having lunch on time.[22]
Cuisine
The cuisine of Nice is especially close to those of Provence but also Liguria and Piedmont and uses local
ingredients (olive oil, anchovies, fruit and vegetables) but also those from more remote regions, in particular
from Northern Europe, because ships which came to pick up olive oil arrived full of food products, such as
dried haddock.
Nice has a few local dishes. There is a local tart made with onions and anchovies (or anchovy paste), named
"Pissaladire". Socca is a type of pancake made from chickpea our. Farcis niois is a dish made from
vegetables stuffed with a mixture of breadcrumbs, meat (generally sausage and ground beef), and herbs; and
salade nioise is a tomato salad with green peppers of the "Corne" variety, baked eggs, tuna or anchovies,
and olives.
Local meat comes from neighbouring valleys, such as the sheep of Sisteron. Local sh, such as mullets,
bream, sea urchins, and anchovies (alevins) are used to a great extent, so much so that it has given birth to a
proverb: "sh are born in the sea and die in oil".
Examples of Niois specialties include:
Beignets de eurs de courgettes
Ratatouille
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Pichade
Pissaladire
Pan-bagnat
Socca
Soupe au pistou
Tourte de blettes
Daube
Farcis
Salade nioise
Education
University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
Institut Eurcom
cole des hautes tudes commerciales du nord
cole pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies
Villa Arson
ESRA lm school
Institut suprieur europen de formation par l'action
Supinfo
Skema Business School
International relations
Twin towns Sister cities
Nice is twinned with:[23]
Alicante, Spain
Antananarivo,
Madagascar
Cape Town, South
Africa
Cartagena, Colombia
Cuneo, Italy
Edinburgh, Scotland,
[24][25]
UK
Gdask, Poland
Hangzhou, China
Houston, Texas, United
States
Kamakura, Japan
Kamakura, Japan
Laval, Quebec, Canada
Libreville, Gabon
Louisiana (state),
United States
Manila, Philippines
Miami, Florida, United
States
Netanya, Israel[26]
Nouma, New
Caledonia
Nuremberg, Germany
Phuket, Thailand
Xiamen, China
Can Tho, Vietnam
Notable people
Giuseppe Garibaldi Italian general, politician and patriot.
Albert Calmette French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist,
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Simone Veil French lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Health, President of the
European Parliament and member of the Constitutional Council of France. Survivor from the
Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp
Joann Sfar French comics artist, comic book creator and lm director.
Jean-Pierre Mocky French lm director, actor, screenwriter and producer
J. M. G. Le Clzio French author and professor, was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature[29]
Ren Cassin French jurist, law professor and judge, former student of Nice's Lyce Massena, he
received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968[30]
Andr Massna 1st Duc de Rivoli, 1st Prince d'Essling, one of the original eighteen Marshals of the
Empire, French military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, his nickname
was l'Enfant chri de la Victoire ("the Dear Child of Victory")[31]
Henry Cavendish British scientist noted for his discovery of hydrogen
Surya Bonaly gure skater
Jules Bianchi (19892015) Formula 1 Driver
Dominic Howard Drummer for Muse currently lives in Nice
Hugo Lloris footballer
Georges Lautner director born in Nice. He is buried in the cemetery of the Castle.
Dick Rivers born Herv Forneri, rock singer, born in Nice in 1945
Ren Goscinny Asterix creator buried in Nice.
Christian Estrosi born in Nice in 1955.
Lon Gambetta (18381881), buried in Nice
Queen Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland stayed many winters in
Nice
Eric Ciotti born in Nice in 1965.
Jean Behra (19211959) racing driver, born in Nice
Elton John singer, owns a house in Mont Boron on the hills of Nice
Dominique Jean-Zphirin footballer
Gilles Simon tennis player
Aliz Cornet tennis player
Freda Betti opera singer
Henri Betti composer and pianist
Priscilla Betti singer and actress
Alexy Bosetti footballer
Michel Siffre adventurer and scientist
Robert W. Service poet and writer of the Klondike Gold Rush lived in Nice during the summers
from 1916 until 1940.[32]
Aim Teisseire (19142008) French Army ofcer, lived in Nice after his retirement from the
military until his death at the age of 93[33]
See also
Albert Spaggiari
Cimetire du Chteau
European Institute of High International
Studies
Le Mridien
ParisNice
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ParisNice
Rugby Nice Cte d'Azur Universit-Racing
37th G8 summit
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References
1. Demographia: World Urban Areas (http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf), March 2010
2. INSEE Rsultats du recensement de la population de 2008 Aire urbaine de Nice (http://www.recensement.inse
e.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&plusieursReponses=true&zoneSearchField=NICE&codeZone=007-AU
2010&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher) INSEE, 2008
3. Ruggiero, Alain, ed. (2006). Nouvelle histoire de Nice. Toulouse: Privat. pp.1718. ISBN978-2-7089-8335-9.
4. Alain Ruggiero, op. cit., p. 137
5. "Nice, France travel. Comprehensive guide to Nice". Europe-cities.com. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
6. Un savoir-faire et un quipement complet en matire d'accueil (http://www.agglo-nice.fr/chiffres-cles-atouts-territ
oire.htm), site de la CANCA Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090224120503/http://www.agglo-nice.fr/c
hiffres-cles-atouts-territoire.htm) 24 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
7. Les chiffres cls du tourisme Nice (http://www.nice.fr/mairie_nice_19918.html), site municipal Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20071217222657/http://www.nice.fr/mairie_nice_19918.html) 17 December 2007 at the
Wayback Machine.
8. "Union des aroports franais Rsultats d'activit des aroports franais 2007 Trac passagers 2007
classement page 8" (PDF). Retrieved 3 April 2011.
9. "Le Nouveau venu" (in French). Muse de Palontologie Humaine de Terra Amata. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
10. A. G. Wintle; M. J: Aitken (July 1997). "Thermoluminescence dating of burnt int: application to a Lower
Paleolithic site, Terra Amata". Archaeometry 19 (2): 111130. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1977.tb00189.x.
11. "The Chsteau of Villeneuve-Loubet". Villeneuve-Loubet Guide and Hotels. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
12. Lon Poliakov, La conditions des Juifs sous l'occupation italienne, Paris, CDJC, 1946 and bibliographies of
Angelo Donati and Pre Marie-Benot
13. Ralph Schor (Edited by), Dictionnaire historique et biographique du comt de Nice(Historical and biographical
dictionary of the County of Nice), Nice, Serre, 2002, ISBN 978-2-86410-366-0, pp.2223 (French)
14. "19812010 Data". July 2012.
15. "Nice, France". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
16. "Global city GDP 2011". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
17. 2009 trafc details from Nice airport website (http://www.nice.aeroport.fr/developpement_en/statistiques/statistiq
ue.asp)
18. "French Riviera train for Russia". BBC News. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
19. "Line 2 tram expected to be nished in 2017". Attika International. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
20. "Dates et chiffres cls / La ligne 1 / Accueil Tramway de la Communaut Urbaine Nice Cte d'Azur" (in
French). Tramway.nice.fr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
21. "Olympic Nice Natation homepage" (in French). Olympic Nice Natation.
22. Nice French Riviera: Noon on the Dot (http://www.francemonthly.com/nice-french-riviera/) from
francemonthly.com. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
23. "Villes jumeles avec la Ville de Nice" (in French). Ville de Nice. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012.
Retrieved 2013-06-24.
24. "Twin and Partner Cities". City of Edinburgh Council. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
25. "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd.
Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-20.
26. "Netanya Twin Cities". Netanya Municipality. Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved
2013-08-01.
27. "Twinnings" (PDF). Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
28. "Yerevan Twin Towns & Sister Cities". Yerevan Municipality Ofcial Website. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
29. Licheld, John (9 October 2008). "French novelist Le Clzio wins Nobel literature prize". The Independent.
Retrieved 22 October 2012.
30. "Ren Cassin". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
31. General Michel Franceschi (Ret.), Austerlitz (Montreal: International Napoleonic Society, 2005), 20.
32. "Biography". Robert W Service Estate. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
33. Muse de l'Ordre de la Libration. "Aim Teisseire" (http://www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr/les-compagnons/1037/ai
me-teisseire). Retrieved 19 January 2016 (French).
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Sources
INSEE (http://www.insee.fr/en/home/home_page.asp)
This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed.
(1911). "article name needed". Encyclopdia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Herbermann, Charles,
ed. (1913). "Nice". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.
External links
Nice: between sea and mountains (http://www.france.fr/en/regions-and-cities/nice-between-sea-and-m
ountains) Ofcial French website (English)
Ofcial website of the City of Nice (https://www.nice.fr/) (French)
Ofcial website of Nice Metropolis (http://nicecotedazur.org/) (French)
Visitors and Convention Bureau Nice (http://en.nicetourisme.com/) (French) (English)
Nice (https://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Europe/France/Regions/Provence-Alpes-Cote_d'Azur/Alpes-M
aritimes/Localities/Nice) at DMOZ
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