1.

Desquamative Gingivitis
Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is an erythematous,
desquamatous and ulcerated appearance of the gums. It is a
descriptive term and can be caused by several different
disorders.
Etiology
Certain dermatoses
Hormonal influences.
Abnormal responses to irritation
Chronic infections
Idiopathic Clinical features mild, moderate and severe forms
The management of DG has been a major problem, largely
because the etiology of the disease has been elusive.
It is not a diagnosis but is instead a term applied to the
manifestation of multitude of mucocutaneous, systemic, allergic,
and immunologic diseases.
The majority of cases are caused by oral lichen planus,
pemphigus vulgaris, and mucous membrane pemphigoid, but
many less common sources need to be considered in the
differential diagnosis as well. These include erythema multiforme,
lupus erythematosus, drug-induced lesions, graft versus host
disease, chronic ulcerative stomatitis, plasma cell gingivitis,
linear IgA disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, psoriasis,
epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, paraneoplastic and neoplastic
disorders, and allergic reactions.
The dental clinician can play a crucial role in the diagnosis of
these conditions, some of which can cause significant morbidity
and even mortality. This course will comprehensively review the
clinical, histologic, and serologic findings commonly associated
with DG and include other rare disorders that should be
considered in the differential diagnosis of DG.

2. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases

Epidemiology is the study of health and disease in populations

and of how these states are influenced by heredity, biology,
physical environment, social environment, and personal behavior.
Analytical epidemiology seeks to identify the risk factors
associated with a disease, to quantify the strength of those
associations, and to estimate whether an association is causal.
The epidemology of periodontal disease is one of the most
important challenges.
There are 3 main type of chronic destructive periodontal
disease.Inflammatory disease is the commonest form,usually
called peridontitis or marginal periodontitis.In this,
destruction of alveolar bone by the formation of subgingival
pockets at the site of chronic inflammation.

3. Infection control

Infection control is the discipline concerned with preventing

nosocomial l or healthcare-associated infection, a practical
(rather than academic) sub-discipline of epidemiology. It is an
essential, though often underrecognized and undersupported,
part of the infrastructure of health care. Infection control and
hospital epidemiology are akin to public health public practice,
practiced within the confines of a particular health-care
delivery system rather than directed at society as a
whole. Anti-infective agent
include antibiotics, antibacterials, antifungals,antivirals and antip
rotozoals