Pembelajaran Usai UTS

Pengantar Akuntansi
1

Memahami Akuntansi
Persediaan (bag-1)

Dituturkan oleh Ali Tafriji Biswan

(altaf)

Fokus Pembelajaran
Mereview jenis2 usaha/bisnis
Pentingnya persediaan (inventories)
Metode dalam persediaan
Asumsi arus biaya persediaan (cost flow
assumption)
Pencatatan persediaan
Penilaian persediaan selain at cost

Jenis2 Usaha/Bisnis
Tipe/jenis usaha:
Service concern
Merchandise concern
Manufacture concern

Bagaimana tipe persediaannya?

Bagaimana perolehan pendapatannya?

Why is Inventory Control Important?

Inventory is a significant asset and for many
companies the largest asset.
Inventory is central to the main activity of
merchandising and manufacturing
companies.
Mistakes in determining inventory cost can
cause critical errors in financial statements.
Inventory must be protected from external
risks ( such as fire and theft) and internal
fraud by employees.

Receiving
report

AGREE

Purchase
order

Invoice

JOURNAL
Date

Description

Nov. 9 Inventory
Accounts Payable--XYZ Co.
Purchased merchandise on

Post.
Ref.

1 222 00
1 222 00

account.

Effect of Inventory Errors on

Financial Statements
LIABILITIES

Merchandise
Inventory

ASSETS

OWNERS
EQUITY
Net Income

Cost of
Merchandise Sold

COSTS &
EXPENSES

If merchandise inventory is . . . . . . .
Cost of merchandise sold is . . . . . .
Gross profit and net income are . . .

REVENUES

overstated
understated
overstated
overstated

Ending owners equity is . . . . . . . . .

6

Asumsi Arus (Fisik) Persediaan

Purchased
goods

Sold
goods

Inventory Costing Methods

43%
40%

34%

30%

19%

20%
10%
0%

4%

Fifo

Lifo

Average

Other
8

INVENTORY: ITEM 127B

Jan.

FIFO Perpetual
Inventory Account

2
4
10
22
28
30

Item 127B
Purchases

Date
Jan. 2
4
10

Qty.

Unit
Cost

21

Cost of Mdse. Sold

Total
Cost

10

Totals

18

22

Qty.

Unit
Cost

Total
Cost

20

140

3
1
2

20
21
21

60
21
42

220
$388

13

COST

10
7
8
4
2
10

$20

PRICE

$30
21
31
32
22

Inventory Balance

168

22
28
30

Inventory
Sale
Purchase
Sale
Sale
Purchase

UNITS

$263

Qty.

Unit Total
Cost Cost

10
3
3
8

20
20
20
21

200
60
60
168

7
5
5
10
15

21
21
21
22

147
105
105
220
$325

Of the four units sold, three are from the first units in
(fifo) at a cost of $20.

ITEM 127B
Jan.

LIFO Perpetual
Inventory Account

2
4
10
22
28
30

Item 127B
Purchases

Date
Jan. 2
4
10

Qty.

Unit
Cost

Inventory
Sale
Purchase
Sale
Sale
Purchase

Cost of Mdse. Sold

Total
Cost

Qty.

Unit
Cost

Total
Cost

20

140

22

21

84

28

21

42

30

10

Totals

18

21

22

168

220

$388

13

COST

10
7
8
4
2
10

$20

PRICE

$30
21
31
32
22

Inventory Balance

7
8

UNITS

$266

Qty.
10
3
3
8
3
4
3
2
3
2
10
15

Unit Total
Cost Cost
20
20
20
21
20
21
20
21
20
21
22

200
60
60
168
60
84
60
42
60
42
220
10
$322

Fifo Periodic

Terjual separuh?

unit
200
300
400
100
Jumlah 1.000 unit tersedia
utk dijual

per unit $
9
10
11
12

Total $
1.800
3.000
4.400
1.200
10.400

Soldunits
these@200
200
$9

= $$1,800
0

Jan. 21

Soldunits
these
300
@300
$10

3,0000

Mar. 10

Sold
400 units
200 of
200
@these
$11

4,400
2,200

Sept. 21

100 units @ $12

1,200

Nov. 18

Jan-02
Mar-10
Sep-21
Nov-18

Hitung fisik 31 Des: 700 unit

terjual. FIFO: Unit pertama
yang dibeli itu yang pertama
dijual. Dimulai 2 Jan.

1,000 units available

$10,400
$ 3,400
for sale during
year
Ending inventory

11

Fifo Periodic
Cost of merchandise available for sale $10,400
Less ending inventory
3,400
Cost of merchandise sold
$ 7,000

12

Summary of Fifo Periodic

Purchases
Jan. 1
200 units at $9
Mar. 10
300 units at $10
Sep. 21
400 units at $11
Nov. 18
100 units at $12

1,000 units

Merchandise
Available
for Sale
$1,800
$3,000

$4,400
$1,200
$10,400

Cost of
Merchandise
Sold
$1,800

200 units at $9

$3,000

300 units at $10

$2,200

200 units at $11

$7,000

700 units

Merchandise
Inventory
$2,200

200 units at $11

$1,200

100 units at $12

$3,400

300 units
13

Lifo Periodic

unit
200
300
400
100
Jumlah 1.000 unit tersedia
utk dijual

per unit $
9
10
11
12

Total $
1.800
3.000
4.400
1.200
10.400

= $1,800

Jan. 1

Sold
200 of
100
300 units
@these
$10

3,000
1,000

Mar. 10

400
Soldunits
these
@400
$11

4,4000

Sept. 21

100
Soldunits
these
@100
$12

1,2000

Nov. 18

200 units @ $9

Jan-02
Mar-10
Sep-21
Nov-18

Hitung fisik 31 Des: 700 unit

terjual. LIFO: Unit terkini
yang dibeli itu yang pertama
dijual.

1,000 units available

$10,400
$2,800
for sale during
year
Ending Inventory

14

Lifo Periodic
Cost of merchandise available for sale $10,400
Less ending inventory
2,800
Cost of merchandise sold
$ 7,600

15

Summary of Lifo Periodic

Purchases
Jan. 1
200 units at $9

Cost of
Merchandise Merchandise Sold
Available
200 units at $9
for Sale
$1,800
$1,800

$2,800

Mar. 10
300 units at $10

$3,000

Sep. 21
400 units at $11

$4,400

Nov. 18
100 units at $12

1,000 units

$1,800
$1,000

$1,200
$10,400

100 units at $10

300 units

Cost of
Merchandise
Sold
$2,000

200 units at $10

$4,400

400 units at $11

$1,200

100 units at $12

$7,600

700 units
16

Average Cost Periodic

unit
200
300
400
100
Jumlah 1.000 unit tersedia
utk dijual

The average cost periodic method is

based on the average cost of identical
units.... $10.400/1.000 = $10.40 per unit

Cost of merchandise available for sale

Less ending inventory ($10.40 x 300)
Cost of merchandise sold

per unit $
9
10
11
12

Total $
1.800
3.000
4.400
1.200
10.400

Jan-02
Mar-10
Sep-21
Nov-18

Hitung fisik 31 Des:

700 unit terjual

$10,400
3,120
$ 7,280

atau 700 unit terjual x $10.40 =

$7,280.

17

Valuation of Inventory at
Lower-of-Cost-or-Market
Inventory
Item Quantity
A
B
C
D
Total

400
120
600
280

Unit
Cost
Price
$10.25
22.50
8.00
14.00

Unit
Market
Price
$ 9.50
24.10
7.75
14.75

Total
Cost
$ 4,100
2,700
4,800
3,920
15,520

Total
Market
$ 3,800
2,892
4,650
4,130
15,472

Lower
C or M
$ 3,800
2,700
4,650
3,920
15,070

The market decline based on individual items

($15,520 $15,070) = $450
18

Presentation of Merchandise Inventory

on the Balance Sheet
Metro-Arts
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2013

Assets
Current assets:
Cash
Accounts receivable
Less allowance for
doubtful accounts
Merchandise inventory
at lower of cost (first-in,
first-out method) or market

$ xx
$xx

xx

xx

xx
19

Tugas 1
Hitung nilai persediaan akhir Juni dan HPP dengan asumsi
FIFO, LIFO baik dengan pencatatan perpetual maupun periodik
(unit akhir 1,200)!

June 02

Beginning inventory:

600 units @ $5 each

June 10

Sales:

400 units @ $12 each

June 11

Purchases:

1,600 units @ $6

June 15

Sales:

1,000 units @ 12.50

June 20

Purchases:

1,000 units @ $6.50

June 27

Sales:

600 units @ $13.50

20