Water well pump design

Water well an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to
access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by a pump, or using
containers, such as buckets, that are raised mechanically or by hand. So we need use the suitable
pump that can use for underground water.
Our pump working concept is same as a pump jack. It is commonly used as oil well pump as in
figure. A pump jack (also called oil horse, oil jack, donkey pumper, nodding donkey, pumping unit,
horsehead pump, rocking horse, beam pump, dinosaur, grasshopper pump, Big Texan, thirsty bird,
cricket, or jack pump) is the over ground drive for a reciprocating piston pump in an oil well. It is used
to mechanically lift liquid out of the well if not enough bottom hole pressure exists for the liquid to
flow all the way to the surface. Pump size is also determined by the depth and weight of the oil to
remove, with deeper extraction requiring more power to move the increased weight of the discharge
column (discharge head).

Figure: jack pump.

Pump jack working concept
Above ground
In the early days, pump jacks were actuated by rod lines running horizontally above the ground to a
wheel on a rotating eccentric in a mechanism known as a central power. The central power, which
might operate a dozen or more pump jacks, would be powered by a steam or internal combustion
engine or by an electric motor. Among the advantages of this scheme was only having one motor to
power all the pump jacks rather than individual motors for each. However, among the many
difficulties was maintaining system balance as individual well loads changed.
Modern pump jacks are powered by a prime mover. This is commonly an electric motor, but internal
combustion engines are used in isolated locations without access to electricity, or, in the cases of
water pump jacks, where three-phase power (since single-phase motors cannot exceed 15
horsepower and many pumps require more than that) is not available.
Down-hole
At the bottom of the tubing is the down-hole pump. This pump has two ball check valves: a
stationary valve at bottom called the standing valve, and a valve on the piston connected to the
bottom of the sucker rods that travels up and down as the rods reciprocate, known as the traveling
valve. When the rods at the pump end are travelling up, the traveling valve is closed and the

standing valve is open (due to the drop in pressure in the pump barrel). Consequently, the pump
barrel fills with the fluid from the formation as the traveling piston lifts the previous contents of the
barrel upwards. When the rods begin pushing down, the traveling valve opens and the standing
valve closes (due to an increase in pressure in the pump barrel). The traveling valve drops through
the fluid in the barrel (which had been sucked in during the upstroke). The piston then reaches the
end of its stroke and begins its path upwards again, repeating the process.
Drilled wells
Drilled wells are typically created using either top-head rotary style, table rotary, or cable tool drilling
machines, all of which use drilling stems that are turned to create a cutting action in the formation,
hence the term drilling.
Drilled wells can be excavated by simple hand drilling methods (auguring, sludging, jetting, driving,
hand percussion) or machine drilling (rotary, percussion, down the hole hammer). Deep rock rotary
drilling method is most common. Rotary can be used in 90% of formation types.
Drilled wells can get water from a much deeper level than dug wells canoften up to several
hundred meters.