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Jurnal Mesin Listrik
Jurnal Mesin Listrik
Jurnal Mesin Listrik
I. I NTRODUCTION
Many industries require independent control of multiple
electrical motors. Since the industry primarily shows intreset
in low-cost drives [1], different multiple-motor drives have
been used in the industry as an attempt to reduce the cost.
A multiple-motor drive uses a single microcontroller and
reduced number of power electronic switches and corresponding circuits to control multiple electric motors [2].
Different methods such as 1) series or parallel connection
of motors [3], [4], 2) sharing power electronic switches [5],
3) using the middle point of the DC link of the converter [6],
and 4) connecting the neutral point of one motor to the
terminal of another motor [7] heve been proposed to control
multiple electric motors using a single converter. A multiplemotor drive gives the same priority to the controls of all of
its electric motors when the appropriate control of all electric
motors is critical. However, in some other applications, the
higher priority is given to the control of some electric motors
that play more important roles in the system. These motors
with important roles in the system are known as main motors
while the motors with less important roles are known as
auxiliary motors.
The previously proposed multiple-motor drives [2][7]
focus on the control of three- or multi-phase motors. These
drives are not proposed for two-phase electric motors. Because of having a simple and robust structure, a two-phase
induction motor is advantageous in low-cost variable speed
motor drives [8], [9]. Different structures of a two-phase
voltage-sourced converters (i.e., two-, three-, and four-leg
l-)))
converters [10], [11]) have been proposed to supply a twophase induction motor. Among these structures, the fourleg converter provides larger voltage vectors and maximum
number of generated voltage vectors. This structure shows the
superior performance to control a two-phase induction motor
in variable speed applications [11].
This paper proposes independent control of a two-phase
induction motor (as the main motor) and a DC motor (as
the auxiliary motor) using a single four-leg converter. The
induction motor is controlled via direct torque control (DTC)
method, and the DC motor is controlled by the current
control method. DTC is a reliable and low-cost method to
control the electromagnetic torque and stator ux modulus
of an induction motor without a mechanical sensor, and the
armature current control is a common method to control a
DC motor [12]. In DTC of an induction motor using a fourleg converter, a voltage vector may be generated by different
switching states. Among possible combinations, the controller
selects a switching state that is also useful to control the
DC motor current. A switching table is proposed to control
the stator ux modulus and electromagnetic torque of the
induction motor and the current of DC motor. In the proposed
structure, the control of the induction motor has a higher
priority and is not affected by the DC motor operation.
However, the current ripple of the DC motor increases when
the speed of the induction motor increases. The maximum
current ripple of the DC motor is calculated. In addition,
controllable operating range of the DC motor is derived.
This paper is organized as follows. Section II proposes
the block diagram and switching table of the proposed twomotor drive. Section III determines the current ripple and
controllability of the DC motor as the auxiliary motor. Sections IV gives the simulation case studies. Section V provides
the concluding remarks.
II. B LOCK DIAGRAM AND SWITCHING TABLE OF
PROPOSED TWO - MOTOR DRIVE
A basic two-phase DTC drive system estimates and controls the stator ux modulus |s | and the electromagnetic
torque Te of a two-phase induction motor based on the analysis of the motor variables in the stationary (DQ) reference
frame [11]. Based on the outputs of the hysteresis controllers
of |s | and Te and calculated stator ux sector, this drive
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Proposed two-motor drive; (a) block diagram and (b) generated voltage vectors.
TABLE I
P ROPOSED SWITCHING TABLE FOR DTC OF INDUCTION MOTOR AND CURRENT CONTROL OF DC MOTOR
dTe
dIdc
ds
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
v1
v2
v3
v9
v10
v11
v7
v6
v5
2
v2
v3
v4
v9
v10
v11
v8
v7
v6
3
v3
v4
v5
v9
v10
v11
v1
v8
v7
,
based on the deviation of Idc from its reference value Idc
one of the three possible forms of the zero voltage vector
7
v7
v8
v1
v9
v10
v11
v5
v4
v3
8
v8
v1
v2
v9
v10
v11
v6
v5
v4
.
deviation of Idc from Idc
III. C URRENT RIPPLE AND CONTROLLABILITY OF THE
DC MOTOR
In the proposed two-motor drive, the induction motor is
always properly controlled. However, the performance of the
DC motor as the auxiliary motor depends on the operation of
the induction motor. This section calculates the current ripple
of the DC motor. In addition, it determines the controllable
operating range of the DC motor.
A. Current Ripple of the DC Motor
This subsection calculates the maximum deviation of Idc
form Idc
based on the operating point of the induction motor.
(1)
(2)
(3)
A cos 0
T
e
VDC
|s |
syn
.
(4)
,
e Ldc +
idc (t) = Idc +
rdc
rdc
(5)
where Vt,dc is the terminal voltage of the DC motor. To
calculate the maximum positive and negative deviations of
Idc+ =
t1 Idc
+
(6)
Ldc
rdc
rdc
VDC + kdc
t1 Idc
+
.
(7)
Idc =
Ldc
rdc
Therefore, the total deviation Idc can be calculated as
Idc = Idc+ + Idc =
2VDC t1
.
Ldc
(8)
TABLE II
PARAMETERS OF THE TWO - PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR AND DC MOTOR
Induction
motor
DC motor
Stator resistance, rs
Rotor resistance, rr
Stator leakage inductance, Ls
Rotor leakage inductance, Lr
Magnetizing inductance, Lm
Poles, P
Stator resistance, rdc
Stator inductance, Ldc
Back EMF constant, k
2.6
1
7.3 mH
7.3 mH
238.5 mH
2 pairs
2.8
41 mH
1.23 Vrads
2VDC Te
.
Ldc A cos 0 V|DC
syn
|
s
(9)
t2 Idc +
Idc,inc =
Ldc
rdc
rdc
VDC + kdc
t2 Idc +
Idc,dec =
Ldc
rdc
t2 =
(10)
(11)
(12)
|
VDC k|dc | rdc |Idc
2|s |
(13)
10
7H >1P@
7H >1P@
10
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
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0.25
0.3
0.35
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
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E
0.25
0.3
0.35
7LPHV
D
8
,GF >$@
,GF >$@
4
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
7LPHV
E
,GF >$@
,GF >$@
8
7.8
7.4
0.256
0.2562
0.2564
0.2566
0.2568
0.257
0.104
7LPHV
F
Fig. 2. Simulation results of (a) electromagnetic torque of the induction
motor Te , (b) current of the DC motor Idc , and (c) magnied Idc in the
case of controllable operation of the DC motor.
0.108
0.112
7LPHV
F
0.116
Fig. 3. Simulation results of (a) Te , (b) Idc , and (c) magnied Idc in the
case of uncontrollable operation of the DC motor.
10
7H >1P@
7H >1P@
10
0
-5
-10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
7LPHV
D
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.7
7LPHV
D
10
,GF >$@
,GF >$@
0
-5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
-10
0.7
0.1
0.2
7LPHV
E
10
10
,GF >$@
,GF >$@
,GF >$@
0.4
7LPHV
E
0.396
0.3
-5
-5
0.398
0.4
0.402
-10
0.095
0.404
7LPHV
F
0.1
7LPHV
0.105
-10
0.395
0.4
0.405
7LPHV
Fig. 4. Simulation results of (a) Te , (b) Idc , and (c) magnied Idc in the
case of torque reversal operation of the induction motor.
Fig. 5. Simulation results of (a) Te , (b) Idc , and (c) magnied Idc in the
case of current reversal operation of the DC motor.
V. C ONCLUSION