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CH -1 The Story of Village Palampur (NCERT Solution)

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CBSENCERTClassIX
(9th)|SocialStudies
|Economics
CHAPTER -1 The Story of
Village Palampur
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(3
MARKS)

Q.1. What was the major impact of electricity on the farmers of Palampur?
Explain.
Ans. 1. Electricity reaching in Palampur transformed irrigation system as electricrun
tubewellscouldbeusedtoirrigatemuchlargerareasoflandmoreeffectively.
2.Electrictubewellwoulddrawwaterfromwellelectricallyandnomanualhandling
required.
3.Electricityhasalsofacilitatedtheharvestingofcropswithelectricharvesters.
Q.2. What is the basic aim of production. What are the essential four

requirementsforproduction?
Ans.Basicaimofproductionwastoproducegoodsandservicesthatwewant.
Fourrequirementsforproductionofgoodsandserviceswere:
2.Landandothernaturalresourceslikewater,forests,mineralsLabour,i.e.people
whowoulddothework.
3.Eachworkerisprovidingthelabournecessaryforproduction.
4.Thirdrequirementisphysicalcapital,i.e.varietyofinputsrequiredateverystage
duringproduction.
5.Fourthrequirementisknowledgeandenterprisetobeabletoputtogetherland,
labourandphysicalcapitalandproduceanoutput.
Q.3.Whatdoyoumeanbyworkingcapital?Howdoesitaffectthedaytoday
activitiesinfarming?
Ans. Raw materials and money in hand is known as working capital. Some money is
always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items.
Working capital is related with daytoday activities in farming like use of seeds,
pesticides,insecticides,manure,wagesoflabouretc.Soproductioninfarmingishighfor
more working capital. Higher working capital would facilitate more purchase of seeds,
fertilisersandwages,sohigheryieldwouldbethere.
Q.4.WhatdoyoumeanbyRabicropsandKharifcrops?Whenaretheysown
andharvested?Giveexamplesalso.
Ans. Rabi crops are grown in winter season (between October to December) and
harvested in spring season (between midlate April to midlate June). Potato, wheat,
barley,mustardareRabicrops.
Kharif crops are sown in rainy season (from July to September) and harvested in
autumn season. Examples of Kharif crops are jowar and bajra, sugarcane, cotton, red
chilliesetc.
Q.5. What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming
method?
Ans.Togrowmorethanonecroponapieceoflandduringtheyearisknownasmultiple
cropping. For example, sugarcane is sown along with wheat in winter season as
sugarcane is harvested once every year. Modern farming methods are the use of
improvedmethodsandtechniquestobeusedinagriculturetoincreaseyieldperhectare.
Use of HYV seeds, insecticides, pesticides, electric tubewell etc. is modern farming
methods.
Q.6. Modern farming methods require the farmers to invest more cash than
before.Why?Explain.
Ans. Yes, modern farming methods like use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, electric
tubewell for irrigation require higher investment in farming because they carry higher
cost than traditional one. HVY seeds need more water and also chemical fertilisers and

pesticides to produce best results. Higher use of chemicals, cause environmental

degradationalso.
Q.7.WhatwasthemajordisadvantageassociatedwithHYVseeds?Explain.
Ans.1.BiggestdisadvantageassociatedwithHYVseedsisbiggerrequirementofwater
andalsochemicalfertilisersandpesticidestoproducebestresults.
2. Higher yields are possible only from combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical
fertilisers,pesticidesetc.
3. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides degrade our environment killing necessary
bacteriasinsoil.PoorfarmerscouldnotaffordHYVseedsduetoincreasedrequirement
offertilisersandmachinery.
4.Newmachineryreplacedmanuallabourleadingtounemploymentandruralurban
migration.
Q.8. What are the various farming and nonfarming activities in village
Palampur?
Ans. Farming activities: Farming is the main production activity in Palampur. About
75% of the people depend upon farming for their livelihood. They use methods of
multiplefarmingandmodernfarmingtechniquesforincreaseintheirproductivity.Well
developed irrigational facilities and use of HYV seeds has improved in production
levelsofagricultureinPalampur.
Nonfarming activities : Non farming activities in Palampur includes dairy farming.
Small scale manufacturing units, shopkeeping and transportation activities. Milk is
transportedtonearbyandfaroftowns.Familymembers,withouthiredlaboursrunsmall
manufacturing units with simple techniques shop keepsrs buy various goods from
wholesale markets in cities and sell them in villages. Road transport facilities include
rickshaws,tongs,jeeps,tractors,trucksandbullockcarts.
Q.9.

What do the scientific reports indicate about the modern farming

methods?Mentionanythreepoints.Ans.Scientificreportsindicatethatthemodern
farmingmethodhasoverusedthenaturalresourcebase.
1. Greenrevolution,duetoincreaseduseofchemicalfertilisers,hasledtolossof
soilfertility.
2. Useofgroundwaterwithduehelpoftubewellsforirrigationhasreducedthe
levelofgroundwater.
3. Useofchemicalfertilisersresultedinlossofsoilfertility.Therefore,farmersare
forcedtousemoreandmorechemicalfertiliserstoachievetheproductionlevelwhichin
turnraisesthecostofproduction.
Q.10.WhatarethesourcesofirrigationinPalampur?
Ans. Palampur holds a well developed system of irrigation. Due to introduction of
electricity irrigation system transformed from Persian wheels to electricrun tube wells.
Initially, the first few tube wells were installed by the government and then by mid of

1970stheentirecultivatedareaof200hectarewasirrigatedbyprivatelyinstalledtube
wells.
Q.11.ExplainanythreetypesofproductionactivitiesinPalampur.
Ans.(i)FarmingatPalampur:FarmingisthemainactivityinvillagePalampur.Land
area available for farming is fixed. Expansion in production is done due to methods of
multiplecroppinganduseofmodernfarmingmethods.
(ii)Dairyfarming:DairyisacommonactivityinmanyfamiliesofPalampur.Many
familieshavecowsandbuffalos.Theyfeedthemonjowarandbajra.Theysellmilkeither
inthevillageorinnearbyvillagesortown.
(iii)Smallscalemanufacturing:PeopleatPalampurareAngagedinsamekindof
smallscaleandcottageindustries.Simpletechniquesofproductionareusedonasmall
scale. Such small scale units are mostly carried at home or in fields with the help of
family members. Sugarcan curshing, carpet Neaving and basket making activities are
carriedundersuchproductionunits.
Q.12. State any three advantages of multiple cropping. Ans. Advantages of
multiplecroppingare:
(a)Efficientuseofland:Landisnotleftidleatanytimeoftheyearandtherefore
moreefficientlyusedintheprocessofproduction.
(b) Increaseofproduction:Itincreasestheproductiononapieceoflandduring
theyear.
(c) Increaseinincome:Multiplecroppingincreasestheagriculturalincomeofthe
countryaswellasforthefarmers.
Q.13. What is Green Revolution? Which crop is benefitted the most due to
GreenRevolution?
Ans.GreenRevolutionisarevolutionofusingmodernfarmingmethodsforhigheryield
andachievingtheselfsufficiencyintheproductionofwheatandrice.Itincludesuseof
High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc for
producingbestresults.WheatisbenefittedmostduetoGreenRevolution.
Q.14. What are the problems do form labourers face in terms of employment?
Explainanythreeproblems.Ans.Problemsfacedbyfarmlabourersare:
(a)Unadequatewages:GovernmenthasfixedtheminimumwagesasRs60day

buttheydonotusuallygetthisamountofmoney.
(b) Availabilityoflabour:Toomuchavailabilityoflabourforcesthelabourersto

workonlowerwages.
(c) Duration of employment : Labourers are sometimes employed on the daily

wagesandsometimesforthewholeyear.Theydonothavesuretyofjob.
Q.15.ExplainanythreemodernfarmingmethodsofAgriculture.
Ans.(i)UseofHYVseeds:UseofHighYieldingVarietyseedspromiseslargerquantity

ofproductionoffoodgrains.
(ii)Useoffarmmachinery:Useofmachineryforirrigation,harvesting,threshing
etcimprovesthequalityofworkaswellasreducestimeconsumption.
(iii) Use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides : Use of chemical fertilisers and
pesticides ensure the farmers about the better upbringing of crops in quality and
quantity.
Q.16. Many factors are responsible for the poor economic condition of farm
labourerslikeDalaandRamkali.Canyouexplainafewofthesefactors?
Ans.ThefactorsresponsibleforpooreconomicconditionsoffarmlabourerslikeDalaand
Ramkaliare:
(i)Useofmodernfarmingtechniques:Useofmodernfarmingtechniquesmake
itdifficultforfarmlabourerstogetwork.Tractorsareusedfoorploughing,harvestersfor
harvesting, threshers for threshing and weedicide for removing weeds. This leaves very
lessornoworkforfarmlabourers.
(ii) Poorly Paid : Due to heavy competition for work among the farm labourers,
people agree to work for lower wages. The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by
governmentisRs60perdaybuttheyaregenerallypaidonlyhalfofit.Thisforcesthem
totakeloanfromlocalmoneylenderswhichputthemintheviciouscircleofpoverty.
LONGANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(5MARKS)
Q.1.Whatarethedifferentwaysofincreasingproductiononthesamepieceof
land.Explainanyfourpoints.
OR
Whatarethedifferentwaysofincreasingproductiononthesamepieceofland.
Explainwiththehelpofexamples.
OR
Statefourstepsofoptimalutilisationofland.
Ans.Landareaundercultivationisfixed.So,thewaysofincreasingfarmproduceonthe
samepieceoflandare:
(i) Multiplecropping:Itisthemostcommonwayofincreasingproductionona
given piece of land. Under it, more than one crop is grown on the same piece of land
duringtheyear.
Indian farmers should grow atlest two main crops in a year. Some farmers have been
growingathirdcropalsooverthepasttwentyyears
(ii) GreenRevolution:ItwasbroughtinIndiainthelate1960s,theuseofHYV
(HighYieldingVariety)seedsforincreaseinproductionofriceandwheat.Itpromisedto
producemuchgreateramountofgrainsonasingleplant.
(iii)Useofmoderntechnology:Bytheuseofwelldevelopedabletocultivatetheir
landwithgreaterefficiency.
(iv)UseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticidesFarmersusepumpsetsforirrigation,
threshers for threshing, harvesters for harvesting, tractors for floughing etc.: Use of

chemicalfertilisersandpesticidesimprovesfertilityofsoilandreducespestrespectively
fortheparticularperiodofproduction.Thisimprovesthequantityofproduction.
Q.2.WhoprovideslabourforfarminginPalampur?Howaretheypaidfortheir
work?
Ans.Afterland,labouristhesecondmostnecessaryfactorforproduction.Smallfarmers
along with the other numbers of their family cultivate their own fields. Thus, they
providethelabourrequiredforfarmingthemselves.Mediumandlargescalefarmershire
farm labourers to work on their fields. Farm labourers either engaged from landless
families or the families cultivating small piece of land. Farm labourers do not have any
rightoverthecropsgrownontheland.Theyarepaidinthefollowingways:
(i)Wagesarepaidtotheminformofcashorkind,i.e.,crops.
(ii) GovernmenthassetupminimumwagesforfarmlabourerstobeRs60perday
butunfortunatelytheydonotgetthismuchandaremostlyexploited.
(iii)Sometimespoorfarmlabourersworkformealalso.
(iv) Sometimestheyareemployedondailybasisandsometimesforthewholeyear.
Thus,durationsoftheiremploymentisnotfixed.
Q.3. What are the four requirements for production of goods and services?
Explain.OR
Whatarethefourrequirementsofproduction?Explainwithexamples.
Ans. There are four requirements of production of goods and services. These
requirementsareknownasfactorsofproduction.Theseare:
(i) Land:Bylandwemeannotonlythelevelsurfacebutallgiftsofnaturewhich
areamenabletohumancontrol,suchaswater,forests,mineralsetc.
(ii) Labour:Manpowerrequiredtodothework.Thementalandphysical
workdonebypeopleinanorganisationcomesunderlabour.
(iii) PhysicalCapital:Itmeansavarietyofinputsrequiredateverystageduring
production.Theycanbeclassifiedas:
(a) Fixed capital : It includes tools, machines and building that can be used for
productionformanyyears.
(b)Workingcapital:Moneyinlandandrawmaterialthathastobeusedincurrent
productsareincludedinworkingcapital.
(iv)Enterprise : It means need of knowledge and enterprise to put together all other
factors of production and ability to sell the produce in the market. This is also called
humancapital.
Q.4.WhatisGreenRevolution?Explainsomeofitsfeatures.
Ans. Green Revolution is a revoluton with farmers using modern methods for higher
yieldsandachievingselfsufficiencyintheproductionofwheatandrice.Itincludesuse
of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, irrigation,chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc for
producingbestresults.FarmersofPunjab,HaryanaandWesternUttarPradeshwerethe
firsttotryitinthelate1960s.FactorsresponsibleforGreenRevolutionare:

(i) Increaseinyield:HYVseedspromisedtoproducemuchgreateramountsof
grainsonasingleplant.Asaresult,thesamepieceoflandproduceforlargerquantities
offoodgrains.
(ii)Useofmoderntechnology:Useofmoderntechnologyliketractors,harvesters,
tubewells etc have made the implementation of green revolution possible in the
environment.
(iii)Useofchemicalfertilisersandpesticides:Unliketraditionalfertilisers
andmanures,useofchemical
fertilisershasincreasedasarequirementwithHYVseedswhichimprovesthequalityand
quantityoftheproduce.
Q.5. Explain any two positive and two negative effects of Green
Revolution.OR
Explain two achievements and two drawbacks of Green Revolution in Indian
agriculture.
Ans. Green Revolution was started in the late 1960s with an aim of achieving self
sufficiency in the production of grains like wheat and rice. Two positive effects and
achievementsofgreenrevolutionare:
(i) Increaseinproductivityofgrains:UseofHYVseedsproducedmuchmore
amountofwheatandriceincomparisontotraditionalseeds.
(ii) Modernisation of agriculture : HYVseedsrequiredwelldevelopedirrigation,
useofchemicalfertilisersandpesticides.Useoffarmmachineryhasalsoencouragedin
the green revolution which resulted in development and modernisaton of agriculture. It
alsoincreasedthesurplusinthefieldofagriculture.
TwoNegativeeffectsanddrawbacksofGreenRevolution:
(i) Decline in fertility of soil : Too much use of chemical fertilisers resulted in
declineoffertilityofsoil.Farmershavetousemoreandmorechemicalfertiliserswhich
increasesthelostofproduction.
(ii)Levelofgroundwater:Useofgroundwaterforcultivationwiththehelpoftube
wellshavecauseddeclineinlevelofgroundwater.
Q.6. Is Palampur a developed village? Explain by presenting four
arguments.ORHowcanyousaythatPalampurisawelldeveloped
village?
Ans. Palampur is a well developed village. This can be made clear from the following
arguments:
(i)Multiplecropping:FarmersofPalampurhaveadaptedmultiplecropping.They
plantthreecropsonayearandneverleavetheirlandidle.
(ii) Modern facilities of agriculture : They have a well developed system of
irrigation.
Electricity came early in Palampur. They use modern machinery like tractors, harvesters
etcforfarming.UseofHYVseedsandchemicalfertilisersisalsonoticedinPalampur.
(iii)MarketsandEducation:TherearesmallmarketssetupinPalampurwhichhave

allthedailyneedcommoditiesavailable.Kareemisalsorunningcomputerclassesanda
good number of students are learning there. High schools and education for women is
availablehere.
(iv)Transportation:PeopleofPalampurhavefacilitiesoftransportinggoodstoother
townsandvillagewithagoodtransportationsystemandwelldevelopedroads.
Q.7.Whatarethevariouswaysthroughwhichfarmerscangetloan?Writetheir
advantagesanddisadvantages.
Ans.Farmerscangetloansthroughthefollowingways:
(i)Largefarmersorvillagemoneylenders:Mostofthesmallfarmersprefertaking
loansfromlargefarmersorvillagemoneylenders.Advantagesoftakingloansfromsuch
sourcesare:
(a)Theyareflexibleintermsandconditionsofrepaymentandrateofinterest.
(b)Theyknowthelenderspersonallysogetloanswithoutcollateralsecurity.
Disadvantages:
(a) Rate of interest is very high. (b) Small farmers are exploited and are
trappedinviciouscircleofpoverty.
(ii) Banks and cooperative societies : Although, very few number of small farmers
approach banks for loan but they provide them better services. Advantages of loans
frombanksandcooperatives:
(a)Noexploitationoffarmers.(b)Uniformandnominalrateof
interestforall.
Disadvantages:
(a)Needspropersecurityandhavesettermsandconditions.
HOTS
Q.1. Differentiate between fixed capital and working capital. State any four
points.
Ans.Bothfixedcapitalandworkingcapitalarethepartsofphysicalcapitalrequiredfor
production.
(i)FixedCapital:
(a)Itincludesfixedfactorsofproductionwhichareusedforyears.
(b) Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer's plough to
sophisticatedmachinessuchasgenerators,turbinesetc.
(c) It includes tools, machines, buildings etc. (d) They remain constant for
manyyearsofproductionandincreasedordecreasedonlywhenneeded.
(ii)WorkingCapital:
(a) Itincludesvariablefactorsofproductionwhichareneededtobearrangedevery
timeatthetimeofproduction.
(b)Whatevermoneyandrawmaterialrequiredforproductionareincludedinit.
(c)Itisrequiredtobearrangedaccordingtothedesiredproduction.
(d)Theyaredynamicdependingupontheprofitsandincomeoflastseason.

Q.2.ExplainanyfournonfarmingactivitiesinPalampurvillage.
Ans.Most of the people living in palampur village are involved in production activities.
Only25%ofthepeopleworkinginPalampurvillageareengagedinactivitiesotherthan
agriculture.
VariousnonfarmactivitiesinPalampurvillageare:
(a)Dairy:ItisacommonactivityatPalampurvillage.Peoplefeedtheirbuffaloson
jowar and bajra and sold their milk in Raiganj village. Two traders from Shahpur town
havesetupcollectioncumchillingcentresatRaiganjfromwherethemilkistransported
tofarawaytownsandcities.
(b) Small scale manufacturing units : People get involved in very simple
productionmethodsintheirhomesonlywiththeirfamilymembers.Theymakebaskets,
potteryetcsmallthingsandselltheminthemarketsnearby.Shopkeepers:Peopleget
involved in trade, they buy goods from nearby whole sale markets and sell them in the
village. They sell wide range of items like sugar, tea, oil, soap etc. They open shops for
eatablesnearbusstands.
Transport:Peoplealsogetinvolvedinprovidingtransportationserviceslikerickshaws,
tongas,jeeps,tractors,trucks,bullokcart,bageyetc.Thenumberofpeopleinvolvedin
transporthasgrownoverthelastseveralyears.
Q.3. What do you mean by Green Revolution? Why was the initial impact of
GreenRevolutionlimitedtowheatandonlytoafewregions?
Ans.1.Green Revolution is a revolution which started in the late 1960s with an aim of
achievingselfsufficiencyintheproductionofgrainslikewheatandrice.
2. The initial impact of Green Revolution was limited to wheat and only to a few
regions because initially only the farmers of Punjab, Haryana nad Uttar Pradesh by out
themodernfarmingmethodinIndia.
3.TheyusedtubewellsforirrigationandmadeuseofHYVseeds,chemicalfertilisers
andpesticidesinfarming.
4.CapitalrequiredforusingHYVseedswasveryhigh.Thereforesmallfarmersand
manybackwardregionscouldnotusethemoderntechniques.
5.UseofHYVseedsrequireallothermoderntechniquesofcultivationalsotherefore
forinitialtimeitremained
unapproachable in many backward villages and small farmers which work without
electricityorownpoorfarmdistribution.
Q.4.Whatisland?Suggestanythreewaystosustainland.
Ans. Land is the levelled surface and other natural resources such as water, forests,
minerals etc used for production of goods and services. Excessive use of chemical
fertilisersormoderntechniquesoffarmingdestroyslandandallothernaturalresources.
Landcanbesustainedthroughfollowingways:
(i) Limiteduseofchemicalfertilisers:Chemicalfertilisersshouldbeusedina
limitednumberandonlyasthepertherequirement.Excessiveuseofchemicalfertilisers

destroysthefertilityofland.
(ii) Croprotation:Crops should be planted in such a way that land gets time of
restore its fertility. Different nutrients are required with different lands, therefore
planningofmultiplecroppingshouldbedoneinsuchawaythatthelandisalsoableto
restorethelostnutrients.
(iii)Wasteofchemicalfertilisers:Wasteofchemicalfertilisersorpesticidesshould
notbethrowninthewaterbodiesofvillageasthiswillpollutethewater.
(iv) Adequateuseofgroundwater:Groundwatershouldbeadequatelyusedso
thatthereisminimumwastageofgroundwater.
Q.5.Whatisthemainsourceofcapitalformediumandlargefarmers?Howisit
differentfromthesmallfarmers?Explain.
Ans.(a)Surpluswheatselling:Mainsourceofcapitalformediumandlargefarmers
is supply of surplus wheat in market as they own large area of cultivable land. They
retain part of wheat for their own use and sell rest of wheat in market. While for small
farmers, no surplus wheat is available so they arrange capital from large farmers or
villagemoneylendersorthetraders.
(b)Extraworktolandownerorlargefarmers:Inordertogetloanfromlandowner
orlargefarmerstheyhavetopayhigherinterestratesandalsoextraworkontheirfields
torepaytheloan,whilemediumandlargefarmerscandevotetheirfulltimetotheirown
land.
Q.6. What was the basic aim of the Green Revolution in India? How did it
affectthemarketeconomy?
Ans.TheintroductionofHYVseedsandtheincreaseduseoffertilisersandirrigationare
known collectively as the Green Revolution which was associated with increase in
productionoffoodgrainsinIndiaandmakeIndiaselfsufficientinfoodgrains.
ImpactofGreenRevolutiononmarketeconomy
(a) Increasedproductionoffoodgrainslikewheatandrice:Foodgrainyields
continuedtoincreasethroughout
the 1980s. In financial year 1980, almost 75 percent of the total cropped area under
wheatwassownwithHYVseeds.
(b) Increased income disparities, higher income growth and reduced
incidence of poverty : Green revolution has increased income disparities, higher
incomegrowthandreducedincidenceofpoverty.

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