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CHPT 7 Foundations of Planning Teachers Manual
CHPT 7 Foundations of Planning Teachers Manual
Foundations
of Planning
Lecture Outline
93
S E V E N
Introduction
What Is Planning?
Why Do Managers Plan?
Purposes of Planning
Planning and Performance
How Do Managers Plan?
The Role of Goals and Plans in
Planning
Types of Goals
Types of Plans
Establishing Goals and Developing Plans
Approaches to Establishing Goals
Characteristics of Well-Designed
Goals
Steps in Goal Setting
Developing Plans
Contingency Factors in Planning
Approaches to Planning
Contemporary Issues in Planning
Criticisms of Planning
Effective Planning in Dynamic
Environments
94
INTRODUCTION
Planning is one of the four functions of management.
Fundamental information about managerial planning is
presented in this chapter; the text discusses the nature and
purposes of planning, strategies for effective planning, and
contemporary planning issues.
NOTES
2.
WHAT IS PLANNING?
Planning
involves
defining
the
organizations
goals,
establishing an overall strategy for achieving these goals, and
developing plans for organizational work activities. The term
planning as used in this chapter refers to formal planning.
NOTES
Self-Assessment Library
Q&A
What did you discover about yourself in doing this exercise? Did
anything surprise you about your assessment?
How does this information relate to uncertainty and planning?
How do you think this information will help you as a manager?
95
3.
NOTES
B.
1.
NOTES
2.
NOTES
4.
Effective
planning
and
implementation play a greater part in high
performance than does the amount of planning
done.
B.
Q&A
7.3 If for-profit organizations have only one real goalto make a profit
why do other objectives matter?
2.
a.
b.
Q&A
Types of goals
Financial performance versus strategic goals
(See Exhibit 7-1 and PowerPoint slide 710).
Stated goals versus real goals
1)
Stated goals are official statements
of what an organization says and what
it wants its various stakeholders to
believe its goals are.
7.4 Arent stated objectives just lies and window-dressing created to make
organizations look responsible and rational?
2)
NOTES
Focus on Leadership
To help prepare your students for leadership roles, divide your class into groups
of four or five students and ask each group to select a leader from business,
government, or industry who is currently in the news.
Have students in each group work together to gather news articles featuring
this leader from current publications and the Internet. Ask each group to read
and analyze the information they have found and provide examples to the
entire class of how this leader is presently using framing to influence how
current issues are seen and understood.
If you have students in your class who have studied photography, you might
ask these individuals to introduce the class discussion by sharing what they
have learned about framing a photo to communicate a particular message.
3.
Types of Plans
97
b.
NOTES
c.
NOTES
d.
98
Q&A
5.
7.5 Why do large organizations create rules and procedures whenever they
can?
1.
Q&A
Setting goals
Passport
c.
PRISM #12
NOTES
Passport
3.
NOTES
100
Q&A
Is MBO Manipulation?
In this critical thinking exercise, students are asked to consider ethical dilemmas
associated with MBO programs. How do students perceive MBO? Ask them under what
conditions might subordinates view MBO as manipulation? How could ethical
dilemmas arise in an MBO system?
You might want to address this ethical dilemma by asking if any of your students have
actually had experience with an MBO system. If so, ask for volunteers to describe their
experiences. If none of your students has participated in an MBO system, be sure that
students fully understand what an MBO system is and how it should work.
B.
NOTES
C.
NOTES
D.
Developing Plans
The process of developing plans is influenced by three
contingency factors and by the particular planning
approach used by the organization.
101
1.
NOTES
b.
NOTES
c.
NOTES
2.
Approaches to Planning
a.
In the traditional approach, planning was
done entirely by top-level managers who
102
b.
NOTES
6.
NOTES
2.
NOTES
103
Q&A
7.8 Given the fact that external environments are increasingly dynamic and
complex, doesnt that make strategic and long-term planning obsolete?
3.
NOTES
4.
NOTES
Q&A
5.
NOTES
7.9 If my planning is done well and once my plans are determined, why
should they ever have to change?
B.
2.
3.
4.
NOTES
Self-Assessment Library
1.
105
2.
3.
4.
5.
WORKING
Exercise
TOGETHERTeam-Based
107
2.
3.
108
4.
5.
109