SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY

CHENNAI - 119

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

B.E. - VIII SEMESTER
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
DRAFTING LAB -II
LAB MANUAL

COMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNANDDRAFTlNGLABll
AutoCADD

lntroductjontoAutoCADDCommands
Exercises:
1.FoundationReinforcementDetailing
2.PileFoundationReinforcementDetailing
3.PileCapReinforcementDetailing
4.LongitudinalSectionofRCCBeamReinforcementDetailing
5.SlabReinforcementDetailing
6.StaircaseReinforcementDetailing

STAAD.Pro
IntroductiontoSTAADPro.
STAADPrecreationofinputfilesbyusingtheTextEditorandGraphicalinputGenerator
STAADPostGraphicalPostprocessing,ViewingandPrintingtheoutputfiles

Exercises:
1.AnalysisandDesignofContinuesbeamwithfixedatbothends
2.AnalysisandDesignofContinuesbeamwithsimplysupportedends
3.AnalysisandDesignofContinuesbeamwithoverhangings
4.AnalysisandDesignofProppedcantileverbeamwithdifferentmaterials
5.AnalysisandDesignofContinuousbeamwithmembermoment
6.AnalysisandDesignofPlaneframes

a)AnalysisandDesignofPortalFrametypeI

b)AnalysisandDesignof,PortalFrametype.ll

C)AnalysisandDesignofPortalFrametypelll

d)AnalysisandDesignofPortalFrametypelV

e)AnalysisandDesignofPortalFrametypeV

7.AnalysisandDesignoftrusses.

INTRODUCTIONTOAUTOCAD

INTRODUCTION:
AutoCADisadraftingpackageforuseinCAD.ThereareseveraldraftingpackageslikeCadkey,
DIAD, CADAM, Draftsman Delight etc. AutoCAD is a one of the popular CAD packages. It is a general
purpose computer aided design(CAD) and drafting software package for desktop computers and
workstations. AutoCADs, features are easy to use pull down menus, dialog boxes and icon menus to
guidetheconstructionprocess.Usingamouse,wecandrawgeometricalentitiesofanycomplexityand
thenIayer,rotate,copy,mirror,fillet,chamter,move,stretch,scale,firmthem.

AUTOCADcanbeusedtocreateadrawingusingtwomodes,commandmodeandmenumode.

Incommandmode,theuserhastotypevariouscommandsonkeyboard.Thesoftwarerespondswith
appropriate prompts to help the user to input the necessary information. In menu mode, the user of
softwareisthroughamenuwhichlocatedontherightsideofthescreenortopofthescreen.Themenu
canbeselectedusingthecursorcontrolkeyonkeyboardormouse.Theuseofmousemaybefound
easy.Menuselectionscanbeperformedthroughicons.Iconsenablequickselectionofmenu.

BENEFITSOFCAD:

1.Improvedengineeringproductivity.

2.Reducedengineeringpersonalrequirement.

3.Drawingmodificationsareeasiertomake.

4.Improvedaccuracyofdesign.

5.Bettercommunication.

DRAWCOMMANDS:
1.LINE
Command;LINE<I
Frompoint:(selectapointinthescreenusingmouse)
Topoint:<_l
Drawalinefromthepointtoendpointaslikeaboveforhorizontal,vertical
andinlines.

2.INSERT:
Command:INSERT
Blocknametoinsert:(typethetypicalname)
Insertionpoint:(pickapointindrawingwheretobeinserted/pressenter
forallfurtherquestions)

3.DIM:
DIM:(typerequiredvariablelikeHOR,VER,ANG,RADIUSetc.)<_J
ForarrowmarksweuseleaderoptioninDIMcommand.
Fordotmarksweusevariablecommands.

4.Dtext:
AJustify/style/<startpoint>:(selectastartpointinthescreenusingmouse).
HEIGHT:(typearequiredheightofthetextinthenumericvalue).
TEXT:(typetherequiredtext).

EDITCOMMANDS:
1.OFFSET:
Command:OFFSET
Offsetdistanceorthrough:(typethevalueofdistance)
Selectobjecttooffset:(selectlineorcircletobeoffset)
Sidetooffset:(pickarequiredsidetooffsetusingmouse).

2.TRIM:
Command:TRIM
Selectcuttingedges(usingmouse)
Selectobject:(selectaperpendicularlinetothetrimline)

Selectobjecttotrim:(selectbymouse)
3.COPY:
Command:COPY
Selectobject:(selectobjecttobecopiedbyusingmouse)
Basepoint/displacement/multiple:(pickanypointintheobject).Second
pointofdisplacement:(pickapointwheretobecopied).
4.MOVE:
Command:MOVE{Ji
Selectobject:(selectobjecttobecopiedbyusingmouse)
Basepoint/displacement:(pickanypointintheobject)
Secondpointofdisplacement:(pickapointwheretobemoved).
5.ERASE:
Command:ERASE
Selectobjects:Useanyoftheobject,selectionmethodtoselectthe
objects,AUTOCADdeletestheselectedgroupofentitiesfromthescreen.

INTRODUCTIONTOSTAADPRO

lNTRODUCTlON:
The STAAD.Pro Graphical user interface (GUl) is normally used to create all input specifications
and all output reports and displays. These structural modeling and analysis input specifications are
stored in text file with extension .STD. The objective of this is to familiarize the user with the basic
principlesinvolvedintheimplementationofthevariousanalysis/designfacilitiesofferedbytheSTAAD
engine.STAADpromeansStructuralAnalysisAndDesignProgram.

INPUTGENERATION:

TheGUIcommunicateswiththeSTAADanalysisenginethroughtheSTDinputfile.Thatinputfile

isatextfileconsistingofaseriesofcommandswhichareexecutedsequentially.Thecommandscontain
either instructions or data pertaining to analysis and design. The STAAD input file can be created
throughatexteditorortheGUlmodeIingfacility.

TYPESOFSTRUCTURES:

A structure can be defined as an assemblage of elements. STAAD is capable ofanalyzing and

designingstructuresconsistingofframes.Plate/shellandsolidelements.Almostanytypeofstructure
canbeanalysedbySTAAD.ASpacestructurewhichisathreedimensionalframedstructurewithloads
appliedinanyplaneisthemostgeneral.APlanestructureisboundbyaglobalXYcoordinatesystem
with loads in the same plane. A Truss structure consists of truss members which can have only axial
member forces and no bending in the members. A Floor structure is a two or three dimensional
structurehavingnohorizontal(globalorZ)movementofthestructure(FX,FZandMYarerestrainedat
everyjoint).

UNlTSYSTLEMS:

Theuserisallowedtoinputdataandrequestoutputinalmostallcommonlyusedengineering

unit systems including MKS, SI and FPS. ln input file, the user may change units as many times as
required.

STRUCTUREGEOMETRY:

Astructureisanassemblyofindividualcomponentssuchasbeams,columns,slabs,platesetc.In

STAAD,frameelementsandplateelementsmaybeusedtomodelthestructuralcomponents.Typically
modelingofthestructuregeometryconsistsoftwosteps.

a)ldentificationanddescriptionofjointsornodes

b) Modeling of members or elements through specification of connectivity between

joints.

COORDINATESYSTEMS:

STAAD uses two types of coordinate system to define the structures geometry and loading

patterns. The Global codrdinate systemis an arbitrary coordinate system in space which is utilized to
specify the over all geometry and loading pattern of the structure. A Local coordinate system is
associatedwitheachmemberandisutilizesinmemberendforceoutputorlocalloadspecification.
a) Conventional Cartesian coordinate System: This coordinate system is at rectahgular
coordinate system(X,Y,Z) which follows the orthogonal right hand rule. This coordinate
systemmaybeusedtodefinethejointlocationandloadingdirections.

b) Cylinidrical codrdinate system: ln this coordinate system, the X and Y coordinates ofthe
conventional Cartesian system are replaced by R (radius) and (angle in degree). The Z
icoordinate is identical to Z coordinate of the Cartesian system and its positive direction is
determinedbyrighthandrule.

c) Reverse cylindrical coordinate system: This is a cylindrical type coordinate system where the R
planecorrespondstotheXZplaneoftheCartesiansystem.Therighthandruleisfollowedtodetermine
thepositivedirectionoftheYaxis.

MEMBERINCIDENCESSPECIFICATION:

This setof commands is used to specify members by defining connectivity between joints.

Repeat and Repeat all commands are available to facilitate generation of repetitive patterns. The
member/element incidences must be defined such that the model developed represent one single
structureonly,nottwoormoreseparatestructures.STAADiscapableofdetectingmultiplestructures
automatically.

MEMBERPROPERTIES:

Thefollowingtypesofmemberpropertyspecificationareavailablein

STAAD.
a)Prismaticpropertyspecification

1.thefollowingprismaticpropertiesarerequiredforanalysisareAXcrosssectionalarea,IX

Torsionalconstant,IYmomentofinertiaaboutYaxisandIZmomentofinertiaaboutZaxis.

2.Standardsteelshapesfrom"builtinsectionlibrary.A

3.Usercreatedsteeltables.

4.Taperedsections.

5.Throughassigncommand.

6.Curvedspecification.

b) This feature of the program allows the user to specify section names of standard steel shapes
manufacturedindifferentcountries.
c)Theusercanprovideacustomizedsteeltablewithdesignatednamesandpropercorresponding
properties.Theprogramcanthefindmemberpropertiesfromthosetables.Memberselectionmayalso
beperformedwiththeprogramselectedmembersfromtheprovidedtablesonly.
d)PropertiesoftaperedIsectionsandseveraltypesoftaperedtubesmaybeprovidedthroughthe
memberpropertyspecification.
e)Ifonewishestoavoidthetroubleofdefiningaspecificsectionname,butinsteadwantstoleaveit
totheprogramtoassigna sectionnameby itself,theassigncommandisavailable.Thesectiontypes
thatmaybeassignedincludeBeam,Column,Channel,AngleandDoubleangle.
f)Membercanbedefinedasbeingcurved.Taperedsectionsarenotpermitted.Thecrosssection
shouldbeuniformthroughoutthelength.

MEMBERRELEASE:

STAADallowsreleasesforbothmembersandelements.Oneorbothendsofmemberscanbe

released.Membersareassumedtoberigidlyframedintojointsinaccordancewiththestructuraltype
specified. When this full rigidity is not applicable, individual force components at either end of the
member can be set to zero with member release statements. By specifying release components,

individuat degrees of freedom are removed from the analysis. Release components given in the
localcoordinatesystemforeachmember.ThePartialmomentreleaseisalsoallowed.

TRUSS/TENSIONI/COMPRESSION:

ltisusedonlyformembers.Foranalyseswhichinvolvemembersthatcarryaxialloadsonly,i.e.,

truss member, there are two methods for specifying this condition. When all the members in the
structure are truss member then the type of structure is declared as Truss and where as, when only
some of the members are truss member. The member truss command can be used where those
memberswillbeidentifiedseparately.

MEMBEROFFSET:

Some members of a structure may not be concurrent with the incident joint thereby creating

offsets. This offset distance is specified in terms of global orlocal coordinate system (i..e., X,Y, & Z
distancesfromtheincidentjoint).

MATERIALCONSTANTS:

The material constants are Modulus of Elasticity (E), Weight density (DEN), Poissons ratio

(POISS),Coefficientofthermalexpansion(ALPHA),CompositeDampingRatioandBetaangle(BETA)or
Coordinatesforanyreferencepoint(REF).

SUPPORTS:

STAADallowsspecificationsofsupportsthatareparallelaswellasinclinedtoglobalaxes.

Supportarespecifiedaspinned,fixedorfixedwithdifferentreleases(knownasfixedbut).Apinned
supporthasrestraintsagainstalltranslationalmovementgandnoneagainstrotationalmovement.ln
otherwords,apinnedsupportwillhavereactionsforallforcesbutwillresistnomoments.Afixed
supporthasrestraintsagainstalldirectionsofmovement.Therestraintsofafixedbutsupportcanbe
releasedinanydesireddirection.Translationalandrotationalspringcanalsospecify.

MASTER/SLAVEJOINTS:

The master/slave option is provided to enable the user to model rigid links in the structural

system.Thefacilitycanbeusedtomodelspecialstructuralelementlikearigidfloordiaphragm.Several
slavejointsmaybeprovidedwhichwillbeassignedsamedisplacementsasthemasterjoint.Theuseris
also allowed the flexibility to choose the specific degrees of freedom for which thedisplacement
constraintswillbeimposedontheslavedjoints.IfalldegreesofAfreedom(FX,FY,FZ,MX,MY,andMZ)
areprovidedasconstraints,thejointswillbeassumedtoberigidlyconnected.

LOADS:

Loadsinstructurecanbespecifiedasjointload,memberload.STAADcanalsogeneratetheself

weightofthestructureanduseitasuniformlydistributedmemberloadsinanalysis.Anyfractionofthis
selfweightcanalsobeappliedinanydesireddirection.

1. Joint load: Joint loads, both forces and moments, may be applied to any free joint of a structure.
These loads act in the global coordinate system of the structure. Positive forces act in positive
coordinatedirection.Anymemberofloadsmaybeappliedonsinglejoint,inwhichcasetheloadswill
beadditiveon
thatjoint.

2. Member load: Three types of member loads may be applied directly to a member of a structure.
These loads are uniformly distributed loads, concentrated loads and linear varying loads
(trapezoidal).Uniform loadsactonthefull or partial lengthof themember.Concentrated loads act at
anyintermediate,specifiedpoint.Linearlyvaryingloadsoverthefulllengthorthemember.Trapezoidal
linearlyvaryingloadsactoverthefullorpartiallengthofamember.Trapezoidalloadareconvertedinto
auniformloadandseveralconcentratedloads.


3.Windloadgeneration:TheSTAADwindloadgeneratoriscapableofcalculatingwindloadsonjoints
ofastructurefromuserspecifiedwindintensitiesandexposurefactors.Differentwindintensitiesmay
specifiedforheightzonesofstructure.Openinginthestructuremaybemodelingexposurefactors.An
exposurefactorisassociatedwitheachjointofthestructureandisdefinedasfractionoftheinfluence
areaonwhichthewindloadacts.Builtinalgorithmsautomaticallycalculatetheexposedareabasedon
theareasboundedbymembers,thencalculatesthewindloadsfromtheintensityandexposureinput
anddistributestheloadsaslateraljointloads.

ANALYSISFAClLlTlES:
ThefollowingperformanalysisfacilitiesareavailableinSTAAD.
1.Stiffnessanalysis/Linearstaticanalysis
2.SecondorderstaticanalysisPdeltaanalysis,nonlinearanalysis,multilinearanalysisand
member/springtension/compressiononly.
3.Dynamicanalysistimehistoryandresponsespectrum.

1. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the given
Continuous beam with over hangings ends

2. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the
given Continuous beam with fixed at both ends.

3. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the
given Continuous beam with Simply supported ends.

4. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the
given propped cantilever beams with two different materials.

5. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the

given Continuous beam with member moment.

6. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the
given portal frame type I

7. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the
given portal frame type I

8. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the
given portal frame type I

9. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the
given portal frame type I

10. To determine the support reaction and moments at each supports for the
given portal frame type I

11. To determine the support reaction for the given Roof Truss. And also
determine the tension and compression force of the the members