INDIAN POLITY : CHAPTER-I

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INDIAN CONSTITION

Important Year:
1922
Mahatma Gandhis demand
1928
Nehru Report
1934
M N Roy demand for Constituent Assembly
1939
World War II
1940
August offer
1942
- Cripps Mission
1942
- Quit India Movement
1945
- World War II (came to end)
1945
- Simla Conference
1946
- Cabinet Mission Plan
1946
- Constituent Assembly (Formation and first meeting)
1947
- Lord Mountbatten replaced Lord Wavell as Viceroy of India
rd
1947
- June 3
plan or Mountbatten Plan
1947
- Indian Independence Act was passed in the British parliament
1947
- Partition
1947
- Independence to Indian and Pakistan
1948
- Draft of Indian Constitution introduced
1949
- Constitution was adopted
1950
- Constitution came into force
*1922 - Mahatma Gandhi put forward the demand that Indias political destiny should be
determined by the Indians themselves.
*May 17, 1927 - At Bombay session Motilal Nehru moved a resolution calling up on the
Congress working committee to frame a Constitution for India.
*May 19, 1928 In all party conference a committee was set up under the Chairmanship of
Motilal Nehru to determine the principles of the Constitution of India.
*Report was submitted on August 10, 1928 and was called
Nehru Report
.
st
*This was the 1attempt by Indians to frame a full-fledged Constitution for India.
*
MN Roy
in the year
1934 put forward the idea of
Constituent Assembly
for India
for the first
time
.
*In the year 1935, the Indian National Congress for the first time officially demanded for the
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
*
August offer: The demand for the
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY was for the first time and
authoritatively conceded by the British Government in the year
1940
through

August Offer
.
*1940 - The coalition government in England recognized the principle that the Indians should
themselves frame a new Constitution.
*1942:
Cripps mission: Sir Stafford Cripps(Cabinet Minister) came to India with a proposal of
framing of Independent Constitution of India to be adopted after
World War II
provided that the
2 major political parties INC and the Muslim League could come to an agreement.
*The Muslim League rejected the same on the demand that India to be divided into 2
autonomous states on communal lines with 2 separate CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLYs.
*Hence political parties could not come to an agreement.
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* This was followed by

Quit India Movement
in August 1942.
* After the World War II, the new labor party government came to the power in England.
* Simla Conference was held in the year 1945 at the instance of viceroy, Lord Wavell.
* 1946 -
Cabinet Mission plan (Lord Pethick Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps and A V Alexander )
was sent on March 24, 1946 to India with a proposal of CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
* The delegation rejected the claim for a separate Constituent Assembly and a separate state for
Muslims.
* The CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY was constituted in November, 1946 with 389 members. (296
British India and 93 were from princely states).
*The Constituent Assembly members were both elected (
indirectly
) and nominated).
Out of
296 INC won 208 including all general seats except 9
,
Muslim League 73
, others and
independent members 15. Princely states initially decided to stay away from the
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
Congress
208
Muslim League
73
Unionist
1
Unionist Muslim
1
Unionist Scheduled Castes 1
Krishak Praja
1
Scheduled Castes Praja
1
Sikh (non-congress)
1
Communist
1
Independents
8
* (
Except Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammed Ali Jinnah all prominent persons were members in
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
* The first meeting of the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY took place on December 9, 1946.
* Muslim League boycotted the meeting and insisted on separate state Pakistan.
* Meeting was attended by 211 members only.
*
Dr.Sachchidanand Sinha
- interim P
resident
of CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
*December 11, 1946 -
Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President of the Constituent
Assembly.
* H C Mukherjee - Vice President of the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
*
B N Rau
-
Constitutional advisor
.
* December 13, 1946 -
Objectives Resolution
was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru.
* The Objective resolution was
adopted on January 22, 1947
. (Who moved it? What are the
dates? Important for the examination point of view).
*
Preamble was the modified version of the Objectives Resolution
. (Hence very important).
* Lord Mountbatten was sent to India as the Governor-General replacing Lord Wavell.
* Lord Mountbatten came out with a plan.
* This plan was given a formal shape by a statement made by British Government on June 3,
1947.
This plan is known as Mountbatten plan or June 3 plan.
On July 26, 1947 Lord Mountbatten announced the establishment of a separate Constituent
Assembly for Pakistan.
The Indian Independence bill was introduced in the British Parliament on July 4, 1947.
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* The India Independence Act came into force from July 18, 1947.
* The Indian Independence Act of 1947 provided that from August 15, 1947 would be set up two
independent dominions India and Pakistan.
* The Constituent Assembly reassembled on August 14, 1947 as the Sovereign Constituent
Assembly for the Dominion of India.
* The members of the Pakistan area in the Constituent Assembly are ceased to be the members.
* When the Constituent Assembly reassembled on October 31, 1947 the membership was
reduced to 299.
* With Indian Independence Act of 1947, CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY became the sovereign
body. (
India became sovereign on January 26, 1950
)
* The CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY became the
first parliament of free India
.
* The first speaker - G V Mavalankar.
* CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY adopted the

National Flag

on July 22, 1947.

Constitution

on November 26, 1949.

National Anthem

on January 24, 1950.

National Song

on January 24, 1950.

* Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the
first President
of India on January 24, 1950.
* January 24, 1950 was the
last session
of the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
* The Constituent Assembly continued as the provisional Parliament of India from January 26,
1950 to till the completion of first ever general elections in India. (1951-52)
* There were
22 committees
constituted in the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
* 22 committees: 10 committees -procedural affairs and remaining 12 Committees were on
Sustentative (Sustentative or Considerable) Affairs.
* Steering Committee chairman - K M Munshi.
* The Rules of procedure committee chairman - Dr Rajendra Prasad.
* Drafting committee chairman - Dr. B R Ambedkar.
* Union powers Committee chairman - Jawaharlal Nehru.
* Committee on Union Constitution Chairman - Jawaharlal Nehru.
* Provincial Constitution Committee chairman - Sardar Patel.
* Committee of Fundamental Rights and Minorities head- Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
* The draft was prepared by B N Rau (Advisor to the Constituent Assembly).
* Drafting committee was set up on August 29, 1947
* The Chairman of Drafting Committee - Dr. B R Ambedkar.
* The final draft was introduced in the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY by Dr B R Ambedkar on
st
November 4, 1948 (1
reading).
rd
*The 3
reading was completed on November 26, 1949.
*The draft Constitution was declared adopted on November 26, 1949.
* The President and the members of the Constituent Assembly signed it.
*The original Constitution contained 8 schedules and 395 Articles.
*Preamble was enacted after the enactment of the Constitution.
* Dr BR Ambedkar - The Father of the Constitution of India
*DR B.R Ambedkar was the first Law Minister of the Nation from August 15, 1947 to January 26,
1950).
Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950.
Since then January 26, 1950 is celebrated as the Republic day.
In all it took 2 years 11 months and 18 days for the Constitution to get completed.

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* The Provisional Parliament ceased to exist on April 17, 1952. The first elected Parliament (2
houses) came into being in May, 1952.
*The provisions related to Citizenship, elections, provincial Parliament, temporary and
transitional provisions were given immediate effect. (November 26, 1949).
*The rest of the Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950.

Shortcut Note: Vital Points For WBCS Preliminary Exam.

* Indian Constituent Assembly formed in 1946.
* The elections for the constituent Assembly were held in July 1946.
* The members of the constituent Assembly were elected by the Provincial
Assemblies.
* The Legislative Assembly is a permanent body.
* The Constituent Assembly was consists of 389 members.
* Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as permanent president on Dec. 11 1946.
* The Drafting Committee finalised the Draft Constitution of India in Feb
1948.
* The constitution was finally adopted on November 26, 1949.
* 292 members were elected and 97 members were nominated from princely
States and Chief Commissioner's areas.
* The Assembly held its first meeting on December 9, 1946.
* Mr. Sachchidanand Sinha was appointed as a temporary Chairman of the
Constituent Assembly.
* There were 22 committees in the Constituent Assembly.
* Drafting committee was the most popular.
* Dr. BR Ambedkar was the chairman of drafting committee.
* The Drafting committee was set up on August 29, 1947.
* The Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950.
* The Constitution of India was made of 395 Articles, Eight Schedules, and
XXII Parts.
* Dr. B.R Ambedkar is called the father of Indian Constitution.
* The first session of Constituent Assembly held on 9th December, 1946.
* Second session was held on 20th January, 1947.
* Third session was held on 22nd April, 1947.
* Fifth session was held on 14 August, 1947.
* The demand for a constituent Assembly raised in 1934.

ImportantQuestionsForWBCSPreliminaryExam:
1.WhoiscalledisthefatherofIndianConstitution?
A. BRAmbedkar
B.JLNehruC.RajendraPrasadD.MahatmaGandhi
2.TheConstituentAssemblywasformedin
A. 1946
B.1947C.1948D.1950
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