ACACIA

Weight: 545kgs At 12%

Color:Pale Brown With Very Light Sapwood
Scientific Name:Acacia Mangium Willd. Leguminosae (mimosoideae)
Description:The sapwood of mangium is narrow and pale yellow to light brown,
while the heartwood is olive brown to gray brown, with darker streaks. It is hard,
with a medium texture, strong and durable (not in contact with the ground). The
grain shows an interlocked figure radially, but looks straight on the flatsawn surface.

BAGTICAN TREE

Color:Pale To Light Red

Scientific Name: Shorea And Parashorea
Weight:Abt 400-600kgs/m3
Description:Light red or white Lauan and Bagtikan species are widespread in the
Philippines, but vary in weight from north to south. - Often used for joinery.

BEECH TREE

Color:Pale White.
Scientific Name:Fagus Grandifolia
Description:Mostly closed, straight grain; fine, uniform texture. Our Beech comes
from Northern and Central Europe.

CHERRY TREE

Color:Golden Light Brown

Scientific Name:Prunus, Serotina
Description:North American Cherry is one of Americas favorite cabinet and
furniture woods, prized for its rich reddish color and fine graining.

COCONUT TREE

Scientific Name: Cocos Nucifera

Color:Brown
Weight: Abt 600kgs/m3
Description: Coconut is very widespread all over the Philippines, and it used
extensively in the local construction industry. - It is a very hard wood which is
excellent for turning into small bowls, jewelry accessories, but also used for cutting
boards, flooring and much more.

GMELINA TREE (WHITE TEAK)

Weight: Abt. 400 Kgs At 12% M.c.
Color: Pale, Light Color
Scientific Name: Gmelina Aborea
Description: One of the most used plantation species in the Philippines. Widely
used for fingerjointed and edgeglued materials for shelves, furniture parts, and
mouldings
Gmelina arborea timber is reasonably strong for its weight. It is used in
constructions, furniture, carriages, sports, musical instruments and artificial limbs.
Once seasoned, it is a very steady timber and moderately resistant to decay and
ranges from very resistant to moderately resistant to termites.
Its timber is highly esteemed for door and window panels, joinery and
furniture especially for drawers, wardrobes, cupboards, kitchen and camp furniture,
and musical instruments because of its lightweight, stability and durability. It is also
used for bentwood articles. In boat building it is used for decking and for oars.
Gmelina arborea is a popular timber for picture and slate frames, turnery articles
and various types of brush backs, brush handles and toys also for handles of chisels,
files, saws, screw drivers, sickles etc.

IGEM TREE

Weight: 450-600kgs
Scientific Name: Podocarpus Imbricatus
Color: Light Yellow To White
Description:Igem is mainly used as a Ramin replacement for mouldings and
frames.

MAHOGANY TREE

Scientific Name: Shorea Negrosensis

Weight:Abt 500kgs/m3
Description: Also known as Lauan, the Philippine Mahogany is considered the very
best in Asia. - The types growing in LUZON are generally harder and darker, while
MINDANAO origin is a lighter and milder type..

Mahogany has a generally straight grain and is usually free of voids and
pockets. It has a reddish-brown color, which darkens over time, and displays
a reddish sheen when polished. It has excellent workability, and is very
durable. Historically, the tree's girth allowed for wide boards from traditional
mahogany species. These properties make it a favorable wood for crafting
cabinets and furniture.
Much of the first-quality furniture made in the American colonies from the
mid 18th century was made of mahogany, when the wood first became
available to American craftsmen. Mahogany is still widely used for fine
furniture; however, the rarity of Cuban mahogany and over harvesting of
Honduras and Brazilian mahogany has diminished their use. Mahogany also
resists wood rot, making it attractive in boat construction. It is also often

used for musical instruments, particularly the backs, sides and necks of
acoustic guitars and drums shells because of its ability to produce a very
deep, warm tone compared to other commonly used woods such as Maple or
Birch. Guitars featuring mahogany in their construction include Martin D-18
and Gibson Les Paul models.

MAPLE TREE

Color:Creamy White To Light Reddish Brown

Scientific Name:Acer Saccharum
Description:American white Maple is widely used for furniture, and is often used
for very pale products with a soft sanded surface.
Some of the larger maple species have valuable timber, particularly Sugar maple in
North America, and Sycamore maple in Europe. Sugar maple wood often known
as "hard maple" is the wood of choice for bowling pins, bowling alley lanes, pool
cue shafts, and butcher's blocks. Maple wood is also used for the manufacture of
wooden baseball bats, though less often than ash or hickory due to the tendency of
maple bats to shatter when broken. The maple bat was introduced to Major League
Baseball (MLB) in 1998 by Sam Holman of Sam Bats. Today it is the standard maple
bat most in use by professional baseball.

Maple is also commonly used in archery as the core material in the limbs of a
Recurve Bow due to its stiffness and strength.

NARRA TREE

Scientific Name: Pterocarpus Indicus

Weight: Abt 600 Kgs/m3
Color:Deep Orange Golden To Darker Red Tones
Description:Narra is considered the most valuable wood in the Philippines, and is
therefore very restricted. Special permits are required for export of finished
products. - Most often used for furniture, flooring, and panels.
The hardwood, which is purplish, is termite resistant and rose-scented. The wood
known in Indonesia as amboyna is the burl of the tree, named after Ambon, where
much of this material was originally found. Often amboyna is finely sliced to
produce an extremely decorative veneer, used for decoration and in making of
furniture and keys on a marimba. The flower is used as a honey source while leaf
infusions are used as shampoos. Both flowers and leaves were said to be eaten.The
leaves are supposedly good for waxing and polishing brass and copper. The tree is
recommended as an ornamental tree for avenues and is sometimes planted in
Puerto Rico as a shade and ornament.

OAK TREE

Scientific Name: Quercus Rob.

Weight:About 600kgs/m3
Color: Pale/light
Description:Our Oak primarily comes from Northern Europe and is lighter in colour,
and more dense than it's North American equivalent. Lead time for production in
Oak will most often be about 6 months, until produciton is stable, after which 3
months production time is normal.
Oak wood has a density of about 0.75 g/cm 3, great strength and hardness, and is
very resistant to insect and fungal attack because of its high tannin content. It also
has very appealing grain markings, particularly when quartersawn. Wide, quartersawn boards of oak have been prized since the Middle Ages for use in interior
paneling of prestigious buildings such as the debating chamber of the House of
Commons in London, England, and in the construction of fine furniture. Oak wood,

from Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, was used in Europe for the construction
of ships, especially naval men of war, until the 19th century, and was the principal
timber used in the construction of European timber-framed buildings. Today oak
wood is still commonly used for furniture making and flooring, timber frame
buildings, and for veneer production.

PILI TREE
Scientific Name:Canarium Luzonicum
Weight: Abt 500kgs/m3
Color: Whitish, Light Brown
Description:Fruit tree with a nut fruit, also sometimes called olive. Found mainly in
the Philippines. Common in primary forests and low and medium altitudes. Common
names: Antang, kedondong, piling-liitan, belis, malapili
The pili tree is an attractive symmetrically shaped evergreen, averaging 20 m
(66 ft) tall with resinous wood and resistance to strong winds. It is dioecious, with

flowers borne on cymose inflorescence at the leaf axils of young shoots. As in

papaya and rambutan, functional hermaphrodites exist in pili. Pollination is by
insects. Flowering of pili is frequent and fruits ripen through a prolonged period of
time. The ovary contains three locules, each with two ovules, most of the time only
one ovule develops (Chandler 1958).

RED MAHOGANY TREE

Color: Uniform Light Red

Weight: 450-500kgs/m3
Scientific Name: Shorea Almon
Description:Almon grows in the southern island of Mindanao. It is uniform in colour
and weight, and is mild and easy to work.
The timber of Red Mahogany is well regarded for its high quality, being very hard
and heavy, and having dark-red heartwood. It has multiple uses including flooring,

panelling, cladding, boat building, railroad ties and general construction. It is also a
good choice for making poles and charcoal.

ROSEWOOD TREE

Scientific Name: Petersianthus Quadrialatus

Weight:Abt 650 Kgs/m3
Color:Very Dark With Lighter Flames Naturally Occuring
Description: Philippine Rosewood is a very beautiful dark and flamy wood. It has

for many years been used for local boatmaking due to it's strength and durability.
We have introduced this species for interiors and flooring.

SANTOL TREE

Scientific Name: Sandoricum Koetjape

Weight: Abt 500 Kgs/m3
Color: Light Brown
Description:heartwood is pale reddish-brown when dry, imparting the color to
water. It is fairly hard, moderately heavy, close-grained and polishes well. It is
plentiful, easy to saw and work, and accordingly popular. If carefully seasoned, it
can be employed for house-posts, interior construction, light-framing, barrels,
cabinetwork, boats, carts, sandals, butcher's blocks, household utensils and
carvings. When burned, the wood emits an aromatic scent.

SOUTHERN MAHOGANY (BAGRAS)

Weight:400-600kgs At 15%
Color:Reddish / Brown
Scientific Name:Eucalyptus Deglupta
Description:Also known as Mindanao Gum or Rainbow Eucalyptus. Both natural
and planation growth. - Furniture and cabinet making.
Commonly known as the Bangalay or Southern Mahogany, is a small to tall tree
native to southeastern Australia. Reaching up to 40 metres (130 ft) high, it has
rough bark on its trunk and branches. It is found on sandstone- or shale-based soils

in open woodland, or on more sandy soils behind sand dunes. The white flowers
appear in summer and autumn. It reproduces by resprouting from its woody
lignotuber or epicormic buds after bushfire. E. botryoides hybridises with the
Sydney blue gum (E. saligna) in the Sydney region. The hard, durable wood has
been used for panelling and flooring.

TEAK TREE

Weight:Abt 600kgs.
Color:Brown
Scientific Name:Tectona Grandis
Description:Teak is one of the world's best timbers. It's usage is multiple, but
mainly furniture, decking, and various kitchen accessories. Especially well suited for
outdoor use.
Tectona grandis is a large, deciduous tree up to 40 m (131 ft) tall with gray to
grayish brown branchlets. Leaves are ovate-elliptic to ovate, 1545 cm (5.917.7 in)
long by 823 cm (3.19.1 in) wide, and are held on robust petioles that are 24 cm
(0.81.6 in) long. Leaf margins are entire.
Teak is used extensively in India to make doors and window frames, furniture, and
columns and beams in old type houses. It is very resistant to termite attacks.
Mature teak fetches a very good price. It is grown extensively by forest departments
of different states in forest areas.

YAKAL TREE

Scientific Name:Shorea Laevis

Weight:Abt 700 Kgs/m3
Color:Yellow To Golden Red
Description: Yakal is a hard and golden Mahogany type which is used for
frequently used products and surfaces. Ideal for outdoor use also.

Natural defects
These develop in the living tree or after it is felled.
Sapwood and heartwood
The darker area in the centre of a trunk is called heartwood. Its function is to
provide mechanical support. Around this is a ring of sapwood which conducts
water from the roots to the leaves. This difference in colour is more evident
in mature trees.
Sapwood generally has low resistance to fungal or insect attack while
resistance of heartwood varies considerably depending on the species.
Knots
Knots are the remains of branches. Normal branches originate from the
centre of the tree and become embedded in the main trunk, appearing as a
knot in the converted timber.
Growth rings
A growth ring is the layer of wood produced in one growing season. Trees
which grow in areas of the world with distinct seasonal patterns exhibit rings
corresponding to an annual period of growth. These can be used to judge the
age and rate of growth of felled trees.
Grain
Grain refers to the general direction of the fibres relative to the axis of the
tree. Grain may be straight, spiral, diagonal, interlocked or wavy.
Texture
Texture depends upon the structural character of the wood; small celled
species produce fine textured timber, large cells produce a coarse texture.
This can be important in the selection of decorative timber and in the choice
of finishing techniques.

Conversion defects
Wane
It refers to rounded timber below the bark due to over-economical conversion
of softwood logs, this is acceptable where appearance is not an issue.
Sloping grain
If conversion is not parallel to the axis of tree, sloping grains occur which
reduces timbers bending strength.
Seasoning defects
During the seasoning process, contraction of timber is not the same in all
directions. Timber also dries out quicker on the outside than inside. The
combined effect causes distortion including warping and rupture of timber
causing splits.
Major splits in timber are called shakes and are a result of stress release after
felling and conversion.
Deterioration
Causes
Biological agents
Timbers vary in their susceptibility to attack by biological agents, such as
fungi and insects, with some being naturally extremely durable. Others are
less durable but it is important to note that all timber which is kept dry (i.e.
below a moisture content of 25%) will not sustain fungal attack.
Fungi can cause staining, decay and weakening, whilst insects disfigure the
timber or render it unserviceable by boring holes or consuming it. Fungi
require the timber to have a moisture content of at least 20%.
Wet-rot fungi
These fungi cause decay of wet timber and are sub-divided into white and
brown rots. Wet rot fungi cause loss of strength and eventually complete
disintegration.

Dry-rot fungus
It grows in damp, humid, unventilated spaces in buildings and, once
established, is very persistent.
Insects
Termites and a wide range of beetle species are economically most
dangerous wood pests.
Termites
Termites are common in tropical and sub-tropical regions, but they also are
found in some temperate countries e.g. France, Japan, Korea and Germany.
Weathering or wear
Timber exposed externally and not protected by some kind of finish will
weather. A surface finish is applied to provide protection. Timber used
internally is normally protected against abrasion, water staining and dirt with
some form of protective finish. For heavy use situations, such as flooring the
finish provides the wearing surface.
Fire
Timber has a predictable behaviour under fire which means that although it
burns, this occurs at a predictable speed known as the charring rate.
Different timbers char at varying rates, largely as a function of their density
with the higher density timbers charring more slowly. For structural timbers
this rate is taken as 20 mm in 30 minutes from each exposed face.
Remedial techniques
Controlling moisture
Correct design and detailing to ensure water-tightness and adequate
ventilation, is an effective remedy against biological agents. The first line of
control is to keep the timber moisture content below 20%. Such measures do
not, however, necessarily provide immunity to insect damage since some
insects can attack dry wood.

Finishing treatments
Applying paint
Paint is an opaque wood coating which generally possesses a degree of
moisture permeability, allows the figure and texture of the wood to show
through and is intended for coat-on-coat application.
Paint, if properly applied, should last at least five years externally.
Applying varnishes
Varnishes are essentially paints without pigments. Traditionally they have
been used internally and for small external timber components where a high
class natural finish was required.
Preservation treatments
There are three main types of wood preservatives: tar oils; waterborne; and
organic solvent-borne.
Waterborne and organic solvent types are the most widely used for the
protection of building timbers. Their primary function is to penetrate in a
shell of the outer few millimetres of timber to protect against stain, decay,
mould growth and insect attack.
Treatments to improve performance in fire
Building Regulations lay down requirements for the fire resistance of
structural elements and for the reaction to fire properties of materials used
as linings in buildings.
The term flame retardant applies to treatments which actively reduce surface
spread of flame a reaction to fire property. Generally flame retardant
treatments make no significant contribution towards increasing the fire
resistance of structures.
There are two main types of flame retardant treatments for timber:

Impregnation with inorganic salts solutions or leach-resistant chemicals

Surface coatings.