ISSN 2456-1312

Volume 1, Number 1
Universal Journal of Mathematics

ABSOLUTE ALMOST CONVERGENCE OF FOURIER SERIES AND

CONJUGATE SERIES
G.Das, Asima Manjari Dash * , B.K.Ray
Institute of Mathematics & Applications, Andharua, Bhubaneswar-751003, India

asimadash@gmail.com
Abstract:
The main object of the present paper is to study the absolute almost convergence of Fourier Series and Conjugate Series
using fractional means of generating function and extend a recent result of Das and Ray.

Keywords:
Absolute Almost Convergence; Fourier Series; Conjugate Series.

AMS Mathematics Subject Classification(2000) number:

40C05, 40H05.

1 Introduction

t m ,n
Then

an

n 0

k 0

an which we shall denote by a, we write S n ak . If

Given an intimate series

1 m

S n k s
m 1 k 0

uniformly in n

is said to be almost convergent to s (see [8]). Let

series a (or the sequence

(1.1)

denote the set of almost convergent sequences. The

sn is said to be absolutely almost convergent (see[3],[4],[5],[6]) if

m,n a uniformly in n.

(1.2)

m0
where

mn

m
1
a0
an , n 1
mm 1 1

0 , n a 0

(1.3)

We denote absolutely almost convergent sequences by the symbol

C, , 0 summable C, , in short if

n 1

where

is the

is absolutely

C, mean ([1]) of the sequence n, an ; that is,

n

and where the co-efficents

l . An infinite series an

An

1
An

k 0

Ank1 kak

are given by

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1 x 1
Let l and

An x n , x 1 .
n 0

denote the set of absolutely convergent series and absolutely almost convergent series, then the following

results are known: (i)

Let f be a

l l C ,1

(ii)

and

C, ,0 1 are mutually exclusive [4].

2 -periodic function and Lebesgue integrable over , . The Fourier Series of f at x is given

by

1
a0 a n cos nx bn sin nx An x .
2
n1
n 0
The series conjugate to Fourier Series is given by

n1

n1

an sin nx bn cos nx

Bn x .

We write,

t x t
t

1
f x t f x t 2 f x
2

1
f x t f x t
2

t u

u du, 0, 0 t t

t 1t t , 0
t and t are defined in a similar way.
2 Main Theorems
Bosonquet first studied in the absolute Cesaro summability of Fourier Series and his result reads as follows:

Theorem A[1]

t BV 0, An x C, , 0

Recently Das and Ray proved the following.

Theorem B [7]

t BV 0, An x l .

We now extend Theorem B and prove the following theorem.

Theorem 1

Let

0 1. Then

t BV 0, An x l ,
The result is not necessarily true if

1.

We may remark that the result of Theorem 1 is significant in view of the fact that the

and

C, ,0 1 are not

comparable.
With regard to the Conjugate Series we prove.

Theorem 2

Let

0 1. Then
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d u Bn x l .
n 0

The result is not necessarily true for

1.

3 Lemmas
We need the following additional notations and lemmas.

Tm n An x

(3.1)

lm n, t

sin n t

(3.2)

Rm n, t cosn t

(3.3)

1
n

K m n, t

cosn t

(3.4)

Lemma 1

1
t u Rm n, t dt
J m, n, u

1 u

(3.5)

u
1
d
V m, n, u

J m, n, d
1 0 d

(3.6)

Uniformly in n and

0t

Om

lm n, t
O t 1

(i)

Om
2

Rm n, t
O mt 1

(ii)

where l m

n, t and Rm n, t are defined in (3.2) and (3.3) respectively.

Proof:

As

sin n t 1

monotonic decreasing in

uniformly in n, the first estimate follows at once. Next, as

, we have uniformly in n
m
lm n, t
max
n m M M

sin n t

O t 1

We omit the proof of (ii) as it is similar to that of (i).

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is

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Lemma 2

(i)
(ii)

Proof:

0 u

uniformly in n and for

J m, n, u Om u

J m, n, u O m1

We write

u 1
m
1 J m, n, u
u

1 t u Rm n, t dt
u
m

I1 I 2 , say

(3.7)

Using Lemma 1(ii)

u

1
m

t u dt
Om Om Om

I1 O m 2

By second Mean value Theorem followed by an application of Lemma 1(i), we get, for

I2

1 t u

1
.
m

Rm n, t dt

1 Rm n, t dt

m lm n, lm n, u
m

m Om O m1

and this ensures Lemma 2(i). Using Lemma 1(ii)

u

I1

1
m

t u

Rm n, t dt Om

u
u

Om

1
m

1
t t u dt
u

1
m

1
t u dt Om u .
u

from the proof of the Lemma 2(i), we have

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I 2 m lm n, lm n, u O m u 1
m

Using Lemma 1(i); and this completes the proof of lemma 2(ii).

Lemma 3

Uniformly in n
(i)
(ii)

Proof:

V m, n, u Om u
V m, n, u O u m1

By integration by parts and Lemma 2

u

d
J m, n, u d
d

1V m, n, u
0

u O m

Om
u

dv O u m1

This established Lemma 3(i). As

V m, n, u 0 , we have

1V m, n, u 1V m, n,
u

d
J m, n, u d
d

d
J m, n, d
d

J m, n, u

1 J m, n, d
u

u J m, n, u 1 J m, n, d

u O m u

O1

m 1 d

O m u

O m u 1

Om

d as 0 1

by using the estimate of Lemma 2(ii).

This completes the proof of Lemma 3(ii).

4 Proof of Theorem 1

As ([4], page 51)

An x

t cos nt dt ,
0

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we have,

Tm n An x
1

where

t K m n, t dt

(4.1)

K m n, t is defined in (3.4). Now using the inversion formula(see[1])

t
1
t u d u , 0 1

1 0

(4.2)

We get from (4.1)

2
Tm n
R n, t dt
1 0 m

t u

d u

d u t u Rm n, t dt

1 0
u

J m, n, u d u .
0

Now by integration by parts

Tm n

u J m, n, u u0 u d J m, n, u du

dt
2

u
0

d
J m, n, u du sin ce 0 0, J m, n, 0
du

u
1

u J m, n, u du

2
d
u
J m, n, d

0 1 d
u 0

1
d

J
m
,
n
,

0
d

2
2
u V m, n,

V m, n, u d u

t 1 , we have t 1, Tm n 0
(putting t 1, V m, n, 0 . Thus(4.3) reduces to
In the special case when

(4.3)

and the last integral in (4.3) vanishes. Hence

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Tm n
Now the series

V m, n, u d u

(4.4)

An x l if and only if

m1

1
2
V m, n, u d u
mm 1 0

(4.5)

uniformly in n..

As

d u is infinite, for the validity of (4.5), it is enough to show that, uniformly in 0 u

and uniformly in n.

mm 1 V m, n, u O1
m1

(4.6)

we write

1
mu

1 V m, n, u
1
2
mu

say

(4.7)

using Lemma 3(i)

Ou

mu

m1
O u
m1 m

m
mu

O1 (4.8)

uniformly in n. Using Lemma 3(ii)

mu 1

1
O m u 1
mm 1

O u 1

mu

1
m

O u 1 O u1 O1

(4.9)

Using (4.8) and (4.9), we get (4.6) and this completes the proof of first part of Theorem 1.
The absolute almost convergence of Fourier Series is a non-local property of its generating function as
known [1] that
when

l C ,1

and it is

C,1 summability of fourier series can not be ensured by local condition. Hence Theorem 1 breaks down

1 as the hypothesis 1 t BV 0, is a local condition [1] although it appears to be non-local.

5 Further Lemmas
We need the following additional notations and Lemmas for the proof of Theorem 2.

Tm n Bn x

(5.1)

m
~
lm n, t

cosn t

(5.2)

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m
~
Rm n, t sin n t

(5.3)

1
1

~
J m, n, u
Lemma 4

Uniformly in n and

(i)

t u

~
Rm n, t dt

(5.4)

0t

Om
~

lm n, t
O t 1

Om
2

(ii)

Lemma 5

~
Rm n, t
O nt 1

Uniformly in n and
(i)
(ii)

0u

~
J m, n, u O m1
~
J m, n, u O m u 1

We omit the proof of Lemma 5 it is similar to the proof of Lemma 3.

6 Proof of Theorem 2
We have,

m
~
Tm n Bn x

t sin n t dt

t sin n t dt
0
1

It is known [2] that, for

t Rm n, t dt
~

(6.1)

0 1
t
1
t u d u
t

1 0

and hence from (6.1), we get

~
Tm n

2
~
Rm n, t dt

1 0

t u

d u

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2
~

d u t u Rm n, t dt

1 0
0

where

~
J m, n, u d u

(6.2)

~
J m, n, u is defined in (5.4).
Hence

Bn x l if and only if, uniformly in n

~
Tm n

mm 1

m1

That is, uniformly in n

m1

By the hypothesis

1
2~
J m, n, u d u ;
mm 1 0

d u

and hence it remains to show that uniformly in

0u

and uniformly in

~
J m, n, u

m1

mm 1

O u

(6.3)

writing

J~m, n, u
1 1 mm 1
mu
mu
*

and using Lemma 5(i) and Lemma 5(ii) respectively over the sums

m u

and

m u

, we obtain (6.3) and this completes

the proof of Theorem 2.

References
[1]

L. S. Bosonquet, The Absolute Cesaro Summability of Fourier Series, Proc. London Math. Soc. 41(1936), 517528.

[2]

L. S. Bosonquet and J.M.Hyslop, On the Absolute Summability of the Allied Series of a Fourier Series, Math. Zeit.
42(1937), 489-512.

[3]

G. Das, British Mathematical Colloquimum (1968), Birmingham University.

[4]

G. Das, B. Kuttner and S. Nanda, Some Sequence Spaces and Absolute Almost Convergence, Tran. American
Math. Soc. 283, Number 2, (1984), 729-739.

[5]

G. Das and B. Kuttner, Space of Absolute Almost Convergence, Indian Jour. Math. 28(3)(1986), 241-257.

[6]

G. Das, B. Kuttner and S. Nanda, On Absolute Almost Convergence, Journ. Mathematical Analysis and
Applications, 161(1),(1991), 50-56.

[7]

G. Das and B. K. Ray, Lack of Tuberain Theorem for Absolute Almost Convergence, Analysis Mathematica,
35(2009), p.37-49.

[8]

G. G. Lorentz, A Contribution to the Theory of Divergent Sequences, Acta Math. 80(1948), 167-190.

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[9]

10

A. Zygmund, Trigonometric Series, Vol.I, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1959.

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