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Fourier Transform
Fourier Transform
Fourier Transform
and
Fourier Transform
Complex exponentials
Complex version of Fourier Series
Time Shifting, Magnitude, Phase
Fourier Transform
Copyright 2007 by M.H. Perrott
All rights reserved.
Note:
e jt
sin(t)
t
cos(t)
Eulers Identity:
Consider I and Q as the real and imaginary parts
As explained later, in communication systems, I stands
for in-phase and Q for quadrature
Note:
cos(t)
t
-sin(t)
e-jt
Note:
ejt
2cos(t)
e-jt
Note:
2sin(t)
-e-jt
ejt
I
Fourier Series
x(t)
t
T
Where:
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Then:
So:
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x(t)
T/2
t
-A
T
An
2A
Bn
2A
3
1 3 5 7 9
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1
1 3 5 7 9
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1
-2A
3
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-2A
Indexing in Frequency
A given Fourier coefficient,
,represents the
weight corresponding to frequency nwo
It is often convenient to index in frequency (Hz)
Af
1 3 5 7 9
T T T T T
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1
T T T T T
2A
2A
3
f
Bf
1 3 5 7 9
T T T T T
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1
T T T T T
-2A
3
-2A
x(t)
T/2
t
-A
t
-A
T/4 T/4
Define:
Which leads to:
x(t)
T/2
t
-A
t
-A
T/4 T/4
x(t)
T/2
t
-A
t
-A
T/4 T/4
Af
1 3 5 7 9
T T T T T
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1
T T T T T
2A
2A
3
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1
T T T T T
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Af
2A
-7
T
-9
T
-3
T
-5
T
3
T
-1 1
T T
7
T
5
T
9
T
Bf
Bf
1 3 5 7 9
T T T T T
1 3 5 7 9
T T T T T
-2A
3
-2A
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1
T T T T T
where:
x(t)
T/2
t
-A
t
-A
T/4 T/4
Xf
2A
3
2A
2A
Xf
2A
3
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7 9
T T T T T T T T T T
2A
3
f
f
1 3 5 7 9
T T T T T
/2
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1
T T T T T
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2A
2A
2A
3
f
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7 9
T T T T T T T T T T
f
f
-/2
-9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7 9
T T T T T T T T T T
Parsevals Theorem
The squared magnitude of the Fourier Series
coefficients indicates power at corresponding
frequencies
Power is defined as:
Note:
* means
complex
conjugate
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-T
-T
2TA
X(j2f)
This is called
a sinc function
-1
2T
1
2T
Summary
The Fourier Series can be formulated in terms of
complex exponentials
Allows convenient mathematical form
Introduces concept of positive and negative frequencies