Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Influence of Errors On Plasma-Confining Magnetic Fields - Kerst - 1962
The Influence of Errors On Plasma-Confining Magnetic Fields - Kerst - 1962
Search
Collections
Journals
About
Contact us
My IOPscience
This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text.
1962 J. Nucl. Energy, Part C Plasma Phys. 4 253
(http://iopscience.iop.org/0368-3281/4/4/303)
View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more
Download details:
This content was downloaded by: liubing_phy
IP Address: 192.101.166.237
This content was downloaded on 12/02/2016 at 16:40
Plasma Physics (Journal of Nuclear Energy, Part C), 1962, Vol. 4, pp. 253 to 262. Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed in Northern Ireland
D. W. KERST
254
du=B_y
B,
dz
y', 4 dy'
p =[Bz(x,
(2)
so that1the:flux;through a contour C is
B, = Bo(;r-'sin
(LO - z/A)
0 = I Cp d x
and this area in p and x variables is preserved as we
follow flux lines in the z direction.
For a line of force
- _-- _*-di
B,
ap
(3)
-_dz
B,
and
B,
( [ L - 11 0 - ./A)
= BO(kr-'sin
= (Bo/ro)(ycos
2, where
[ z / 2 ]- x sin [?/I])
(6)
These can be combined with (1) to give the fourthorder differential equation
cos R
n,
1/(2K).
(9)
255
PATH OF
CLOSED N
/LIE
,OF FORCE
<
256
D.W. KERST
Taking X and Y in units of r, and Z in units of 2
with B = (Bo2)/(roB,),we have x = X/ro, y = Y/ro,
= zp..
(10) becomes
dx -8[2xy cos 2n-z - (x2 - yz) sin 2n-z]
dz
_
dy -- b[2xy sin 2n-z + (x2 - y2) cos 2n-zJ.
dz
I=ns
(11)
$ 70
0
T
tz 60
50
d
D:
>
40
30
E
20
0
D:
:IO
INTEGRAL RESONANCE
ESSENTIAL LIMIT
1.0
INITIAL DISTANCE FROM CENTRE
2.0
*W-F++
FIG.5.-The limiting magnetic surface for no field errors. A line goes through 3
magnet periods before it circulates through 2 ~ Successive
.
points on the plot are
10 magnet periods or sectors apart.
257
D.W. KENT
258
05
-to
-8
-6
-4
-2
-2
-018
OB
-kO
06
t
-6
-.e
259
.05
0.15
0.1
0.2
Ax
260
D. W. KERST
T O
-1.0
-.9
FIG. lO.-Octupole errors (see text) cause the cross section of a flux bundle to
appear four times at the one-fourth integral resonance. The error destroys confinement outside the half-integral Kruskel limit.
261
x = 0.097. The one-fourth-integral resonance is ex- design. The handling of digital computer programming and
was ably carried out by MR. PETERKAESTNER.
pected for xo = 0.7 and as expected the four passages Iexperimentation
am also grateful for discussions on this topic with K. R. SYMON
of a flux bundle appear. The size of the error is not and M. ROSENBLUTH,
who examined a pinch case, and especially
who has studied these topological questions in
sufficient to cause instnbility for this xo,and thus a with T. OHKAWA,
and KERST, 1961).
magnetic surface can be seen surrounding the separa- the presence of pressure gradients (OHKAWA
trix of the flux bundle. However, at x0- 1.0, the
REFERENCES
half-integral resonance, the error is sufficient to BERNSTEIN
W., KRANZA. Z . and JENNERF. (1959) Phys. Fluids
2, 713.
destroy the confining field outside. With tl = 0.2
E. D.and SNYDER
H. S. (1958) Ann. Phys. 3, 1.
and xo= 0.7, the octupole error destroys the field COLJRANT
HAGEDORN
R., HINEM. G. N . and SCHOCHA. (1956) Procontainment outside xo.
ceedings of the International Conference on High Energy
Accelerators and Pion Physics Vol. I, p. 237, CERN.
A phenomenological estimate was made of the size
KERSTD. W. (1959) Bull. Amer.phys. Soc. 114, 352.
of the flux bundles, assuming the transform angle of KERST
D. W. (1960) Bull. Amer.phys. Soc. 115, 352.
the structure is
KERSTD. W. et al. (1960) Rev. sei. Instrum. 31, 1076.
LASLETT
L. J. and SYMONK. R. (1956) Proceedinps of the InterI = 2%-v(r/r0>2'L-2).
notional Corlference on High Eiiergy Acceleritor; and Pion
For an error field
Physics Vol. I, p. 279, CERN.
O H K ~ WT.Aand KERSTD. W. (1961) Bull. Amer,phys. Soc. 116,
b, = bo(r/ro)(l-l)sin IO
290.
SPITZER
L. S.(1958) Phys. Fluids 1,257.
bo = bo(r/ro)(L-l)
cos IO
A=
2r0
2/4.nv(L - 2)IB,r0/(b0W)- ( I - 2p
STURROCK
P. A. (1958) Ann. Phys. 3, 113.
SYMONK. R. (1962) To be published.
APPENDIX
The segmented case corresponding to (6) has
BO
Cy COS 2+ - x sin 2+)
yo
&
2
dz = ct(x cos 24 + y sin 24).
Ackriow/r~~r~ierits--lt
is n pleasure to acknowledge the help of
ERNESTCOURANT
in the early studies with the digital computer
for the application of techniques employed in particle accelerator
B
5, = 2
sin 24
r0
+ x cos 2+)
-=
+,
+ xosinh ct(z
For
+3 =
7112
M3
and for
=(
zo)
z,,)
("")=MI(;).
yo
(3~)/4
D. W. KERST
262
v, here
M=(
< (B09)/(3r0Bs)
< 1.32.
Notice that just as (9) shows for the twisted structure the transformed line of force can rotate as fast as a pole and no faster for
stability, so also -1 = cos ,U shows that the limit for the segmented structure is for a line of force going half-way around for
one field period which is just the same amount that a particular
pole of a quadrupole rotates in one field period.
Gaps between segments where there is E , only do not alter the
results since the transfer matrix is the unit matrix in such gaps.