Tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5744 : 1993

Thang my - Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng

Lift - Safe requirements for installation and use
Tiu chun ny p dng i vi cc loi thang my thng dng dng vn chuyn hng v
vn chuyn ng|i: quy nh nhng yu cu c bn v k thut an ton trong qu trnh lp t
v s dng cc thang my mi cng nh| cc thang c |c ci to, lp t nhng cng
trnh cng nghip v dn dng.
1. quy nh chung
1.1. Phm vi p dng
1.1.1. Tiu chun ny chi p dng i vi cc loi thang c dn ng in, c ph|ng
chuyn ng thng ng hoc nghing mt gc nh hn 15o so vi ph|ng thng
ng v vi vn tc lm vic n 2,5m/s. i t|ng ca tiu chun ny |c phn
thnh 5 loi d|i y:
Loi l: Thang my thit k cho chuyn ch ng|i.
Loi II: Thang my thit k ch yu chuyn ch ng|i nh|ng c tnh n cc
hng ha mang km theo ng|i.
Loi III: Thang my thit k chuyn ch gi|ng (bng ca) dng trong cc bnh
vin.
Lol IV : Thang my thit k ch yu chuyn ch hng ha nh|ng th|ng c
ng|i i km theo.
Loi V : Thang my iu khin ngoi cabin chi dng chuyn ch hng loi
ny khi thit k cabin phi khng ch kch th|c ng|i khng th vo |c.
1.1.2. Tiu chun ny khng p dng i vi cc loi thang nng hng c tnh nng k
thut hn ch, c kt cu vi dn ng n gin (nh| ti quay tay trc ng) v
tnh cht lm vic tm thi (nh| cc thang nng phc v xy dng).
1.1.3. i vi cc thang my c vn tc lm vic trn 2,5 m/s hoc lm vic theo ch
nghim ngt, c i t|ng phm vi c bit (nh|: ha cht, thuc n v.v.,.) v hot
ng trong mi tr|ng c tnh cht khc th|ng, ngoi vic tun th cc quy nh
ca tiu chun ny cn phi |c tha thun ring ca c quan c thm quyn v
an ton khi lp t v s dng.
1.2. Thang my c iu kin lp t.
1.2.1. Thang my nhp khu phi c cc iu kin sau:
a. C h s k thut gc.
b. Thang my |c ch to theo tiu chun quc t hoc tiu chun quc gia s
ti v phi ph hp vi tiu chun an ton ca Vit Nam.
c. Cc b phn chi tit my i km phi ng b hoc nu ch to theo dng lin
kt ca nhiu hng, nhiu quc gia th vic m bo quy cch k thut l ca
hng thang my ng tn, c bitc h quy cch cc b phn v chi tit
quan trng nh|:
- Cp thp, xch chu ti.
- |ng ray dn h|ng cho cabin v i trng.

Tiu chun vit nam

1.2.2.

1.3.
1.3.1.

1.3.2.

1.3.3.

1.3.4.

tcvn 5744 : 1993

- Puli dn ng, dn h|ng.

- H thng phanh iu khin, ng tng.
- H thng hm an ton.
- Cc c cu khng ch an ton, tn hiu bo v.
Thang my ch to trong n|c.
a. Thang my |c ch to do cc n v c t| cach php nhn v |c php
ca c quan chc nng c thm quyn.
b. Thang my phi |c ch to ph hp vi cc tiu chun yu cu k thut hin
hnh v phi tun th cc quy nh ca tiu chun ny.
c. Thang my ch to hng lot phi ng theo mu |c th nghim v phi
y h s k thut gc.
d. Cc b phn v chi tit quan trng ch|a ch to |c phi nhp ngoi hoc
lin kt ch to phi ghi r thng s c ban v quy cch k thut trong h s.
Yu cu i vi n v lp t.
Cc n v |c php lp t, iu chnh, bo d|ng v sa cha thang my phi
c cc iu kin sau:
a. L mt n v c t| cch php nhn v |c c quan chc nng c thm
quyn cp giy php hot ng.
b. C cn b k thut |c o to k thut chuyn ngnh.
c. C i ng cng nhn k thut lnh ngh, |c hun luyn c bn v nh k
v k thut an ton.
d. C iu kin k thut, kh nng cng ngh cho cng vic lp t, iu
chnh v sa cha nh| thit b gia cng, thit b kim tra, hiu chnh v o
l|ng:
n v lp t phi hon ton tun theo cc h|ng dn lp t, vn hnh, s dng
ca nh ch to v phi m bo tt c cc thng s, dung sai kch th|c v c
tnh k thut ca thang my theo h s k thut gc.
Trn c s h s k thut gc, n v lp t phi lp mt s ti liu k thut bn
giao cho n v s dng nh| sau:
a. L lch thang my.
b. H|ng dn vn hnh, s dng an ton thang my.
c. H|ng dn ch bo d|ng, kim tra th|ng xuyn v nh k, bin php
khc phc s c khn cp nh| mt in, ng tng khng ng.
d. Phn cp trch nhim v quy nh chu k iu chnh, bo d|ng, sa cha,
khc phc s c gia n v chu trch nhim lp t, bo d|ng v n v s
dng thang my.
n v lp t v sa cha phi chu trch nhim t chc vic th nghim thang
my sau lp t v sa cha theo ng trnh t quy tc ca tiu chun ny.
Vic th nghim phi |c tin hnh vi mt hi ng k thut gm cc thnh
phn chnh l:
a. C quan cp ng k s dng thang my.
b. i din n v lp t thang my.

Tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5744 : 1993

c. i din n v (hoc c nhn) s dng thang my.

Kt qu th nghim phi ghi thnh bin bn c ch k cc thnh vin v du ca
n v chu trch nhim lp t.
1.4. Ng|i chu trch nhim qun l v s hot ng an ton v ng|i vn hnh thang
my phi |c hun luyn c bn v nghip v m mnh m nhim, c th l:
- Hiu |c tnh nng k thut ca thang my m mnh ph trch (trng ti, vn tc
lm vic vv.)
- Bit cc tiu chun an ton lin quan n thang my.
- Bit cch khc phc cc s c khn cp theo h|ng dn ca n v lp t.
2. Lp t
2.1. Cng tc chun b.
2.1.1. n v lp t thang my phi kim tra phn xy dng v chi tin hnh cng vic
lp t sau khi xc nhn phn xy dng hon thnh v t cc yu cu k thut
theo thit k.
2.1.2. B tr cc sn g thao tc, bt u t d|i ln, trn, sut chiu cao ging thang, vi
khong cch gia chng khng qu 3m, c thang tay di chuyn gia cc sn;
sn thao tc phi vng chc, chu |c ti khng d|i 2,5KN/m2 sn.
2.1.3. Che chn tt c cc ca tng v lp rp (nu c) t mt sn tng ng ln
cao khng d|i l,lm, che kn st sn ln cao khng d|i 150mm; cc b phn
che chn phi |c c nh chc chn vo t|ng.
2.1.4. Ko in chi sng tm thi n tng tng trong ging thang v vo bung my.
Chiu sng tm thi dng ngun in c in p khng qu 42V, v chiu sng
khng d|i 50Lux. Cc bng si t phi mc pha trn cc sn thao tc, ti nhng
v tr khng gy cn tr cng vic lp t.
2.1.5. Khi sa cha, cai to thang my cc cng trnh ang s dng, trn tt c cc tng
phi treo bin bo thang my ang sa cha, lm ro che chn. Khng cho ng|i
l tip cn ca tng v vi ti nt bm trn t|ng. Nu sa cha mt trong hai
thang my lp cng ging th phi che kn ton b vch ngn gia hai thang trn
sut chiu cao.
2.1.6. Mc hon thin ca phn xy dng, cc sn g thao tc trong ging v cc ch
che chn phi |c phn nh trong bin bn do bn t hng v bn lp t k.
2.1.7. Tr|c khi tin hnh cng vic lp t thit b thang my, ngoi cc yu cu nu
trn phi bo m cc iu kin sau:
a. C v ng b thit b thang my vi cht l|ng m bo.
b. C vt t|, trang thit b, dng c, g cn thit cho lp t cc trang b
in phi |c kim tra an ton in tr|c khi em s dng;
c. C h s k thut - lp rp ca thang my;
d. C trang b phng h lao ng, phng chng chy v c bn ni quy an
ton lp t thang my.
2.2. Yu cu chung
2.2.1. Trong ging thang v bung my khng |c lp t bt k mt b phn, thit b
no khc (|ng ng n|c, dy in...) khng lin quan n thang my.

Tiu chun vit nam

2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.2.4.
2.2.5.

2.2.6.

2.2.7.

2.2.8.

2.2.9.
2.3.
2.3.1.

2.3.2.

2.3.3.
2.3.4.
2.3.5.

tcvn 5744 : 1993

Bung my phi thng thong, kh ro v che kn bi. H ging phi kh ro,

khng c n|c ngm, n|c thi ngm vo h ging.
Ca vo bung my phi c kha v phi |c lp tr|c khi bt u lp t cc
thit b trong bung my.
Khong h gia cp v mp l i cp trn sn bung my phi khng d|i 25mm.
Khong khe gia bc ca tng v bc ca cabin khng |c qu 25mm i vi
thang iu khin t cabin v vi cabin khng c ca; khng |c qu 45mm i
vi cc thang khc.
chnh xc ng cabin mi im ng phi m bo trong gii hn 20mm i
vi thang my bnh vin, thang my cht hng bng xe, v 50mm i vi cc
thang my khc.
Khong cch nhng im gn nht ca cc b phn thang my khng |c d|i
cc gi tr sau:
a. 50mm gia cabin v i trng;
b. 50mm gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn tng l|i thp;
c. 25mm gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn kn ca ging pha khng c ca
cabin (15mm vi thnh ging khng c nhng phn li lm);
d. l0mm gia bc ca tng v bc ca cabin, gia cc chi tit nh ln ca ca
tng v ca cabin, khng k cc chi tit kha ca tng cng cc b phn lin
quan cabin.
e. l0mm gia cc chi tit nh ln ca cabin (i trng) vi cc phn kt cu ray
dn h|ng, k c cc chi tit kp cht ray.
Khong cch gia cnh ca tng vi cnh ca cabin khng |c v|t qu 120mm.
Khong cch t cc phn thp nht ca trn ging thang, hoc cc thit b lp d|i
trn, n mt nc cabin, khi i trng trn cc tr t cng hoc trn gim chn
nn tn cng, khng |c d|i 750mm.
Khong khng gian pha d|i cabin n y h ging, khi cabin ln cc t
cng hoc trn gim chn nn tn cng, khng |c d|i 500mm.
K thut an ton.
Khi tin hnh lp t thang my cn tun th nghim ngt quy phm k thut an
ton trong xy dng TCVN 5308: 1991, tiu chun an ton in trong xy dng
TCVN 4086: 1985, quy phm k thut an ton thit b nng TCVN 4244: 1986,
yu cu chung v an ton trong hn in TCVN3146: 1986 v an ton chy TCVN
3254: 1979, ng thi phi tun th nghim ngt cc iu quy nh d|iy.
Cc cng vic xy trt hon thin phi tin hnh sau khi lp t xong thit b thang
my vic trt t|ng ging thang (nu c trong thit k) phi tin hnh tr|c khi
thit b thang my.
Chy th khi ng hiu chnh cc thit b c, thit b in h thng iu khin, h
thng kim tra v tn hiu phi tin hnh sau khi hon thnh xy trt hon thin.
Khng |c tin hnh ng thi cng tc lp thang my vi cng tc thi cng ca
cc n v xy dng hoc lp my khc ct cao khc nhau trong ging thang.
Khi tin hnh cc cng vic hiu chnh nhit trong bung my v trong ging
thang khng |c qu 400C v thp nht khng |c d|i 50C.

Tiu chun vit nam

2.3.6.

tcvn 5744 : 1993

Cc cng vic hn trong lp t thang my phi do th hn c chng chi bc th

4/7 tr ln thc hin. Khi hn phi che chn, bo v thit b thang my trnh tc
ng ca nhit v x hn. Khng |c hn cc dy in sau khi t dy.
2.3.7. Khng |c cc chi tit, thit b thang my dng c trang b ngh, vt liu
xy dng... chim ch hnh lang, sn ch, cu thang v cc li i li khc.
Ch |c php tp kt tm thit b thang my ln sn ln mi, ti nhng ni |c
n v tng thu thi cng ng .
2.3.8. Trong khi tin hnh lp t, ti v tr lm vic thng xuyn phi c mt t nht hai
ng|i.
2.3.9. Ng|i lm vic trong ging thang nht thit phi i m cng bo v, nu c s
dng cc dng c in th phi co gng tay v i gi cch in.
2.3.10. Tuyt i khng |c tro bm theo khung st ray dn h|ng v cp di chuyn
gia cc sn, m phi dng thang. Khng |c nm vt vo ging thang cc mnh
kim loi, mu que hn hoc bt k vt g khc.
2.3.11. Ch |c php lm vic trong ging pha d|i cabin vi iu kin cabin |c chn
cp (cp phi |c p cht vo rnh puli dn). |c hm bng b hm an ton,
|c chn cht hoc |c t trn cc dn st khng th ri.
2.3.12. Khng |c lm vic trong cabin hot trn nc khi cabin ang chuyn ng.
Khng cho php c ng|i trong cabin khi th b hm an ton. Khng |c dng
ng c in ca b dn ng tho cabin khi hm an ton.
2.3.13. Ch |c php lm vic trn nc cabin vi iu kin cabin |c treo chc chn
vo cp, b hm an ton |c chnh v |c th. Khng |c ln nc cabin qu
2 ng|i v khng |c ngi trn nc bung thng hai chn trong ging thang.
2.3.14. Khi c cng nhn trn nc cabin, ch |c php di chuyn cabin theo chiu i
xung vi vn tc khng qu lm/s v phi cng mt cng nhn khc trong cabin;
iu khin di chuyn cabin bng nt bm t trn nc.
2.3.15. Khng tin hnh trn nc cabin nhng vic c th lm ngoi ging thang nh|
ra, lm sch cp v cc chi tit my.
2.3.16. Khng |c ng ngoi hnh lang th tay qua ca tng v ca cabin khi ng
thang my.
2.3.17. Cc thit b nng h nh| ti , palng, puli... c th |c treo vo kt cu ca ging
thang theo ng thit k v phi |c c nh, khng dch chuyn trong khi lm
vic.
2.3.18. Chi ng m ti palng theo hiu lnh ca ng|i c trch nhim: bt k mt hiu
lnh no khng r rng u |c hiu l lnh ng my.
2.3.19. Khi nng h trong ging thang, ti phi |c kp cht v treo chc chn:chi tho
ti sau khi n |c t an ton vo v tr khng th ri.
2.3.20. Tuyt i khng cho php c ng|i pha d|i ti v trn |ng i ca ti ang
nng h.
2.4. Quy tc nghim thu sau lp t
2.4.1. n v lp t thang my phi lm cc vic chun b cho nghim thu bo gm:
a. Hon chnh b h s;
b. Chun b cho thang my sn sng hot ng;
c. Cng bn t hng chun b ti v m bo cc iu kin nghim thu.

Tiu chun vit nam

2.4.2.

2.4.3.

2.4.4.

2.4.5.

2.4.6.

2.4.7.

tcvn 5744 : 1993

Vic nghim thu sau lp t thang my nhm mc ch xc nh:

a. Mc ph hp cc thng s v kch th|c ca thang my vi cc s liu ghi
trong h s k thut.
b. Thang my iu kin vn hnh an ton.
Cc thng s k thut cn kim tra gm c:
a. Trng ti:
b. Vn tc lm vic v vn tc chm:
c. chnh xc ng thang cc tng;
d. Din tch sn cabin ca thang ch ng|i.
Nghim thu thang my iu kin vn hnh an ton phi bo gm:
a. Quan st kim tra:
b. Th khng ti:
c. Th ti tnh:
d. Th ti ng.
Khi quan st phi kim tra tnh trng ca:
a. B dn ng:
b. Thit b in:
c. Cc thit b an ton:
d. B iu khin, chiu sng v tn hiu:
e. Phn bo che ging thang;
f. Cabin, i trng, ray dn h|ng;
g. Ca cabin v ca tng:
h. Cp (xch) v phn kp cht u cp (xch):
i. Bo v in:
j. B cch in ca thit b in v dy in.
Ngoi ra cn kim tra cc khong cch an ton, s in v cc dng c cn thit
trong bung my, cc bin nhn nh my.
Khi th khng ti cn kim tra hot ng ca cc b phn sau:
a. B dn ng (pht nhit, chy du, hot ng ca phanh):
b. Ca cabin v ca tng;
c. B iu khin chiu sng v tn hiu;
d. Cc b phn an ton (cng tc hnh trnh nt STOP" kha t ng ca tng,
sn ng ca cabin).
Th ti tnh nhm mc ch kim tra bn cc chi tit ca b dn ng tin
cy ca phanh cp khng b tr|t trn puli dn, bn ca cabin, ca kt cu treo
cabin, treo i trng v tin cy kp u cp.
Th ti tnh |c thc hin vi cabin tng thp nht, gi ti trong thi gian 10
pht vi ti quy nh v|t qu trng ti:
a. 50% i vi thang my c tang ca cp v thang my dng xch lm dy ko:
b. 100% i vi thang my c puli dn cp.

Tiu chun vit nam

tcvn 5744 : 1993

Th ti tnh c th thay th bng 3 ln di chuyn cabin i xung vi ti v|t trng

ti 50%.
2.4.8. Th ti ng nhm mc ch kim tra tin cy ca thang my c ti v kim tra
hot ng ca b hm an ton, b hn ch vn tc v b gim chn, bng cch
cht ti v|t trng ti 10% cho cabin chyln xung 3 ln.
3. S dng thang my
3.1. Ch s dng thang my trng thi k thut tt v |c cp ng k s dng.
3.2. Nhng ng|i vn hnh v s dng thang my phi trong trng thi sc khe bnh
th|ng.
Cm nhng ng|i say r|u, thn knh khng bnh th|ng vo v tr vn hnh iu
khin hoc vo cabin s dng thang my.
3.3. Tr|ng hp mt in hoc ang sa cha bo d|ng phi treo bin thng bo tm
ngng hot ng cc ca tng dng v ct cu dao in vo thang my.
3.4. Thang my ch hng c phn iu khin n gian (ng tng iu khin bng tay)
nht thit phi c ni quy vn hnh cht ch m bo an ton trong vn hnh khai
thc s dng.
Ni quy ny phi |c th tr|ng n v duyt v treo v tr d nhn ti ni vn
hnh
Tuyt i khng |c vn chuyn ti m khng xc nh |c trng l|ng ca n.
3.5. Khi vn chuyn loi hng ha ri, vn, khng |c hng ra sn cabin m phi
ng hng vo bao b, thng chia.
Ch |c ra sn i vi thang my chuyn dng vn chuyn hng ri c kt cu
cabin dng thng chia tiu chun.
3.6. Cm ch ng|i trong thang my chuyn dng ch hng (loi 5).
3.7. Nghim cm nhng ng|i khng c trch nhim t vo cc v tr sau:
- Bung my;
- H thang;
- ng trn nc cabin;
- Dng cha kha m cc ca tng, ca thng, ca quan st, ca bung my;
- T cu dao cp in, hp cu ch.
Cha kha cc v tr ni trn do ng|i chu trch nhim qun l v s hot ng an
ton ca thang my gi, cha th hai |c bn giao lun phin cho ng|i trc vn
hnh.
3.8. Ti trong cabin phi |c xp chc chn n nh, v phn b cn i trn mt sn.
Cm chuyn ch cc loi hng nng, cng knh xp ng cng vi ng|i.
3.9. Khi vn chuyn loi hng c kh nng gy chy, d kch n hoc c hi phi c
bin php phng nga c bit.
Cm vn chuyn cc loi hng ny cng vi ng|i.

Tiu chun vit nam

1.
2.
3.

4.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Ph lc 1
Thang my: cc nh ngha v phn loi .
Cabin: Bung thang my chia ng|i hoc hng chuyn ch.
Trng ti: Khi l|ng nng cho php ln nht ca thang my o bng kilgam (kg).
St chia: S l|ng ng|i nhiu nht cho php ch trn thang my; sc chia ph thuc
vo din tch sn cabin. Thng s ny ghi trong h s k thut ca thang my chi c tnh
cht tham kbo.
Ging thang (Well): khong khng gian gii hn bi cc vch bo quanh, mt y h v
trn ca ging; ging thang l khng gian cc phn chuyn ng ca thang: cabin,
i trng, cp, xch v.v... di chuyn trong .
im ng: v tr ra vo cabin thang my ti mi tng ng s dng.
H ging (PIT): Phn ging thang pha d|i im dng thp nht.
Bung nh ging (headroom): phn ging thang pha trn im ng cao nht.
Vn tc lm vic: vn tc vn hnh theo thit k o bng m/pht hoc m/giy (m/min,
m/s). Vn tc lm vic trn 2,5m/s (150m/min) |c gi l vn tc cao.
Vn tc sa cha: Vn tc chm chi dng trong qu trnh kim tra, sa cha.
Ph lc 2
Tiu chun loi b cp thp
S si t ln nht cho php trn mt b|c bn

H s d tr bn
ban u ca cp
9
9 y 10
10 y 12
12 y 14
14 y 16

2
3

tcvn 5744 : 1993

Cu to cp, s si
6 x 19 = 114
Bn cho
Bn xui
14
16
18
20
22

7
8
9
10
11

6 x 37 = 222
Bn cho
Bn xui
23
26
29
32
35

12
13
14
16
17

Phi loi b cp theo mn (gim |ng knh) so vi ban u l 10%.

Ph lc ny p dng i vi cc loi cp:
- Treo cabin (i trng)
- Cp ko h thng hm an ton.
- Cp treo cnh ca la ng v.v...
Vic thay th nh k hoc loi b cp c th cn c theo quy nh ring ca Nh ch
to.