June2016

MANAGEMENT OF MYCOTOXINS WITH

!!

Mycotoxins are biologically active, toxic metabolites produced by

toxigenic fungi mainly belonging to Aspergillus, Fusarium and
Penicillium species, which invade crops in the field and may grow
on foods during storage under favourable conditions of
temperature and humidity.
The metabolites make their way into the animal feed and finally
into the animal system. There are over 200 species of moulds that
produce Mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins can affect the animals either individually or together in

the presence of more than one mycotoxin, and may affect various
parts of the body such as, the gastrointestinal tract, liver, immune
system, etc. essentially resulting in reduced productivity of the birds
and mortality in extreme cases.
The major groups of Mycotoxins are; Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin,
Citrinin, Ergot alkaloids, Patulin and Fusarium.
Aflatoxins: are toxic & carcinogic metabolites of Aspergillus flavus, A.
parasiticus, and others. These affect the liver. They adversely affect
weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion & efficiency, egg production,
male/female fertility and hatchability.
Ochratoxins: are nephrotoxins produced chiefly by Penicillium
viridicatum and Aspergillus ochraceus in grains and feed. Affects the
liver, immune system, and bone marrow. Severe intoxication causes
reduced spontaneous activity, huddling, hypothermia, diarrhea, rapid
weight loss, and death. Moderate intoxication impairs weight gain,
feed conversion, pigmentation, carcass yield, egg production and
fertility.

Fusariotoxicosis:
is caused by Mycotoxins
produced by Fusarium, results
in feed refusal, caustic injury
of the oral mucosa and areas
of the skin in contact with the
mold. Acute digestive disease,
and injury to the bone
marrow and immune system.
Lesions include necrosis and
ulceration of the oral mucosa,
reddening of the GI mucosa,
mottling of the liver, atrophy
of the spleen and other
lymphoid organs, including
visceral hemorrhages.
Citrinin:
Produced by Penicillium and
Aspergillus and is a natural
contaminant of corn, rice, and
other cereal grains.
It causes a diuresis that result
in watery fecal droppings and
reductions in weight gain.

w w w . q u a d r a v e t . c o m

June2016

MYCOTOXICOSIS
Disease caused by Mycotoxins is called Mycotoxicosis, the effects of
which are highly dependent on the dose, period of intoxication,
species, breed, sex and age. Depending on the type of toxin, lesions
predominantly affect a given organ or tissue, such as the liver,
kidneys, epithelial tissue and central nervous system. The economic
impact of Mycotoxins includes mortality of domestic animals,
increased costs due to veterinary care and decreased production
efficiency, especially in poultry and swine operations.
The most well-known approach to detoxify mycotoxins is through
the use of binders. This involves the use of nutritionally inert
adsorbents with the capacity to bind and immobilize mycotoxins in
the gastrointestinal tract of animals, reducing their bio-availability.

.. A unique Mycotoxin binder

Quadrabind works as a broad spectrum binder. It contains
ingredients that are safe. It also acts as a mould inhibitor and also
stimulates the liver and immunity.
Activated Charcoal
Occurs as a result of pyrolysis of organic materials. It is a porous
non-soluble powder with a high surface area to mass ratio (500
3500 m2/g). It adsorbs Mycotoxins and has a diverse effect against
Mycotoxins.

Yeast
Mannan-oligosaccharides,
derived from mannans on
yeast cell surfaces, act as
high affinity ligands, offering
a competitive binding site for
a certain class of bacteria
(Ofek et al., 1977).
Gram-negative pathogens
with the mannose specific
Type-1 fimbriae attach to the
MOS instead of attaching to
intestinal epithelial cells
and move through the gut
without colonization.
Dietary MOS in the intestinal
tract removes pathogenic
bacteria that could attach to
the lumen of the intestine
(Newman, 1994).

Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates HSCAS

A sorbent compound obtained from natural zeolite, has
demonstrated an ability to adsorb mycotoxins with a high affinity.
HSCAS in Quadrabind, is able to bind Mycotoxins, forming highly
stable complexes.
Organic acids and Essential Oil
Work in synergy, to kill and reduce the load of mould in feed and gut.
This ensures that Mycotoxin concentrations do not increase, and this
perfectly complements the mode of action of Mycotoxin binders.
PRESENTATION:
1 kg & 25 kg

USAGE:
1 kg per ton of feed

COMPOSITION
Buffered organic acids
Activated charcoal
Mannan Oligo Saccharide
HSCAS (Specially treated)
Lipotropic agents
Enhanced with protective
Essential oil 'O'

w w w . q u a d r a v e t . c o m