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Name of Drug Route/Dose Mechanism of Action Indication Side Effects/Adverse Reactions Nursing Responsibilities
Name of Drug Route/Dose Mechanism of Action Indication Side Effects/Adverse Reactions Nursing Responsibilities
ROUTE/DOSE
Carvedilol
-antihypertensives
-beta blockers
Aspirin
-Therapeutic:
antipyretics, nonopioid
analgesics
Pharmacologic:
salicylates
100 g 1 tab
P. Chan 2017
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
Blocks stimulation of
beta1 (myocardial) and
beta2
(pulmonary,vascular
and uterine)-adrenergic
receptor sites. Also has
alpha1 blocking activity
which may result in
orthostatic hypotension.
INDICATION
Inammatory disorders
including: Rheumatoid
arthritis, Osteoarthritis.
Mild to moderate pain.
Fever.
Aspirin: Prophylaxis of
transient ischemic
attacks
Hypertension
Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Nursing
Responsibilities
-Monitor BP and pulse
frequently during dose
adjustment period and
periodically during
therapy.
Assess for orthostatic
hypotension when
assisting patient up
from supine position.
-Monitor intake and
output ratios and daily
weight.
-Assess patient
routinely for evidence
of uid overload
(peripheral edema,
dyspnea, rales/
crackles, fatigue,
weight gain, jugular
venous distention).
Patients may
experience worsening
of symptoms during
initiation of therapy for
HF.
-Hypertension: Check
frequency of rells to
determine adherence.
-Patients who have
asthma, allergies, and
nasal
polyps or who are
allergic to tartrazine are
at an increased risk for
developing
hypersensitivity
Therapeutic Effects:
Analgesia. Reduction
of inammation.
Reduction of fever.
Aspirin: Decreased
incidence of transient
ischemic attacks and
MI.
P. Chan 2017
and MI.
reactions.
-Assess for rash
periodically during
therapy. May cause
Stevens-Johnson
syndrome or toxic
epidermal necrolysis.
Discontinue therapy if
severe or if
accompanied with
fever, general malaise,
fatigue, muscle or joint
aches, blisters, oral
lesions, conjunctivitis,
hepatitis and/or
eosinophilia.
-Pain: Assess pain and
limitation of
movement; note
type, location, and
intensity before and at
the peak
(see Time/Action
Prole) after
administration.
-Fever: Assess fever
and note associated
signs (diaphoresis,
tachycardia, malaise,
chills).
Aspirin: Prolongs
bleeding time for 47
days and, in large
doses, may cause
prolonged prothrombin
time. Monitor
hematocrit periodically
in prolonged high-dose
therapy to assess for GI
blood loss.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
-Therapeutic: lipidlowering agents
Pharmacologic: HMGCoA reductase
inhibitors
P. Chan 2017
80 mg 1 tab
Atorvastatin: Primary
prevention of
cardiovascular disease
(risk of
MI or stroke) in
patients with multiple
risk factors
for coronary heart
disease CHD or type 2
diabetes
mellitus (also risk of
angina or
revascsularization
procedures in patients
with multiple risk
factors for
CHD).
Lactulose
30 ml OD
Treatment of chronic
constipation. Adjunct in
the management of
portal-systemic
(hepatic) encephalopathy (PSE).
Omeprazole
40 mg/cap
Binds to an enzyme on
gastric parietal cells in
the presence of acidic
gastric pH, preventing
the nal transport of
hydrogen ions into the
gastric lumen.
Reduction of risk of GI
bleeding in critically ill
patients.
CNS: dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue,
headache, weakness.
CV: chest pain. GI:
abdominal pain, acid
regurgitation,
constipation, diarrhea,
atulence,
nausea, vomiting.
P. Chan 2017
discontinued.
Assess patient for
abdominal distention,
presence
of bowel sounds, and
normal pattern of bowel
function.
-Assess color,
consistency, and
amount of stool
produced.
-Lab Test
Considerations: dec.
blood ammonia
concentrations by 25
50%.
-May cause inc blood
glucose levels in
diabetic patients.
-Monitor serum
electrolytes periodically
when used chronically.
May cause diarrhea
with resulting
hypokalemia and
hypernatremia.
Assess patient routinely
for epigastric or
abdominal pain and frank or
occult blood in the
stool,
emesis, or gastric
aspirate.
Lab Test
Considerations:
Monitor CBC with
differential periodically
during therapy.
May cause increased
1 um/tab
4.5 g IV
P. Chan 2017
Piperacillin: Binds to
bacterial cell wall
membrane, causing cell
death. Spectrum is
extended compared
with other penicillins.
Tazobactam: Inhibits beta-lactamase,
an enzyme that can
destroy
penicillins.
Appendicitis and
peritonitis. Skin and
skin structure
infections. Gynecologic
infections. Communityacquired and
nosocomial pneumonia
caused by piperacillinresistant, betalactamase producing
bacteria.
CNS: SEIZURES
(higher doses),
confusion, dizziness,
headache, insomnia,
lethargy. GI:
PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS,
diarrhea, constipation,
drug-induced
hepatitis, nausea,
vomiting. GU:
interstitial nephritis.
Derm: rashes ( incr. in
cystic brosis patients),
urticaria.
Vancomycin
P. Chan 2017
1 g IV Q12
Treatment of potentially
life threatening infections when less toxic
anti-infectives are
contraindicated.
Particularly useful in
staphylococcal
infections, including:
Endocarditis,
Meningitis,
Osteomyelitis,
history of penicillin
sensitivity may still
have an allergic
response.
Obtain specimens for
culture and sensitivity
prior
to initiating therapy.
First dose may be given
before receiving results.
Observe patient for
signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus,
laryngeal edema,
wheezing). Discontinue the
drug and notify health
care
professional
immediately if these
occur. Keep epinephrine, an
antihistamine, and
resuscitation
equipment close by in
the event of an
anaphylactic reaction.
Assess patient for
infection (vital signs;
appearance of wound, sputum,
urine, and stool; WBC)
at
beginning of and
throughout therapy.
Obtain specimens for
culture and sensitivity
prior to initiating
Pneumonia,
Septicemia, Soft-tissue
infections in patients
who have allergies to
penicillin
or its derivatives or
when sensitivity testing
demonstrates resistance to
methicillin.
Levofloxacin
-anti-infectives
P. Chan 2017
750 mg IV
P. Chan 2017
against Clostridium
difficile.
-Advise patient to
increase fluid intake
during therapy to
prevent crystalluria.
-Tell patient to
complete the drug as
prescribed, even if
symptoms subside.
-Urge patient to avoid
excessive sun exposure
and to wear sunscreen
because of increased
risk of photosensitivity.
Tell patient to notify
prescriber at first sign.
-Advise patient to
notify prescriber about
heart palpitations or
loss of consciousness.
An ECG may be
needed to detect
adverse drug effects on
the patients heart.
P. Chan 2017