Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1 Functions: 1.1 Functions and Their Graphs
Chapter 1 Functions: 1.1 Functions and Their Graphs
3. domain 2 _); y in range and y 5x 10 ! y can be any positive real number range ! _).
4. domain (_ 0 3, _); y in range and y x2 3x ! y can be any positive real number range ! _).
5. domain (_ 3 3, _); y in range and y
3 t!
4
3t
4
3t,
now if t 3 3 t !
4
3t
!, or if t 3
% t 4 16 t 16 !
nonzero real number range _
#
"'
18
2
t2 16
2
t2 16 ,
2
t2 16
now if t % t2 16 !
2
!, or if t % t 16 !
2
t2 16
!, or if
! y can be any
! _).
7. (a) Not the graph of a function of x since it fails the vertical line test.
(b) Is the graph of a function of x since any vertical line intersects the graph at most once.
8. (a) Not the graph of a function of x since it fails the vertical line test.
(b) Not the graph of a function of x since it fails the vertical line test.
#
3
#
x; area is a(x)
"
#
(base)(height)
"
#
(x)
3
# x
3
4
x# ;
d
2
; and area is a s# a
"
#
d#
11. Let D diagonal length of a face of the cube and j the length of an edge. Then j# D# d# and
D# 2j# 3j# d# j
d
3
6d#
3
12. The coordinates of P are x x so the slope of the line joining P to the origin is m
x, x m"# ,
"
x
$#
(x 0). Thus,
"
m .
25
16
20x
20x 25
16
20x2 20x 25
4
14. y x 3 y2 3 x; L x 42 y 02 y2 3 42 y2 y2 12 y2
y4 2y2 1 y2 y4 y2 1
d$
3 3
25
16
Chapter 1 Functions
(b)
(b)
xy"
y1x
or
or
kx yk 1
x y "
y " x
25.
x
y
0
0
1
1
27. Faxb
2
0
26.
x
y
0
1
1
0
2
0
"
, x0
28. Gaxb x
x, 0 x
4 x2 , x 1
x2 2x, x 1
29. (a) Line through a! !b and a" "b: y x; Line through a" "b and a# !b: y x 2
x, 0 x 1
f(x)
x 2, 1 x 2
2, ! x "
! " x #
(b) f(x)
2 # x $
! $ x %
30. (a) Line through a! 2b and a# !b: y x 2
"
Line through a2 "b and a& !b: m !&
#
x #, 0 x #
f(x) "
$ x &$ , # x &
f(x)
$ !
! "
" $
%
#! #
"
$
&
$
$, so y $x $
#, so y #x $
$x $, " x !
#x $, ! x #
Chapter 1 Functions
x
" x !
"
!x"
f(x)
"# x $#
"x$
"
#
(b)
"!
TaT#b
1
2x
faxb 2x 2
1
$
#
2 x 0
0x1
1x3
T# , so y T# x T# 0 T# x "
!, 0 x T#
#
T
T x ", # x T
A,
A
faxb
A
A
! x T#
T
# x T
T x $#T
$T
# x #T
42. No symmetry
Dec: _ x !
Inc: nowhere
Chapter 1 Functions
44. No symmetry
Dec: ! x _
Inc: nowhere
45. No symmetry
Dec: ! x _
Inc: nowhere
47. Since a horizontal line not through the origin is symmetric with respect to the y-axis, but not with respect to the origin, the
function is even.
48. faxb x&
"
x&
"
a x b&
49. Since faxb x# " axb# " faxb. The function is even.
50. Since faxb x# x faxb axb# x and faxb x# x faxb axb# x the function is neither even nor
odd.
51. Since gaxb x$ x, gaxb x$ x ax$ xb gaxb. So the function is odd.
52. gaxb x% $x# " axb% $axb# " gaxb thus the function is even.
53. gaxb
"
x# "
54. gaxb
x
x# " ;
55. hatb
"
t ";
"
axb# "
hatb
"
t " ;
h at b
"
" t.
Since hatb hatb and hatb hatb, the function is neither even nor odd.
"
3
k
s
k
v
k
4
k 24 r
14.7
k
1000
24
s ;
10
24
s
k 14700 P
14700
v ;
12
5
23.4
14700
v
24500
39
628.2 in3
x
#
1
x 0:
x
#
x 0:
x
2
4
x
1
4
x
x
#
1
4
x
x (2 0) (% _)
1 4x 0
#
2x8
0 x 2x
0
(x4)(x2)
#x
0
(x4)(x2)
#x
0
x 4 since x is positive;
1
4
x
0
x# 2x8
2x
0
x 2 since x is negative;
sign of (x 4)(x 2)
2
%
Solution interval: (# 0) (% _)
Chapter 1 Functions
3
2
x 1 x 1
3
2
x 1 x 1
3(x1)
x 1
2
3x 3 2x 2 x 5.
Thus, x (_ 5) solves the inequality.
Case 1 x 1:
3
x 1
2
x 1
3(x1)
x 1
2
3x 3 2x 2 x 5 which is true
if x 1. Thus, x (1 1) solves the
inequality.
3
Case 1 x: x1 x2 1 3x 3 2x 2 x 5
which is never true if 1 x, so no solution here.
In conclusion, x (_ 5) (1 1).
69. A curve symmetric about the x-axis will not pass the vertical line test because the points ax, yb and ax, yb lie on the same
vertical line. The graph of the function y faxb ! is the x-axis, a horizontal line for which there is a single y-value, !,
for any x.
70. price 40 5x, quantity 300 25x Raxb a40 5xba300 25xb
71. x2 x2 h2 x
h
2
2 h
2 ;
2 h
2
10h 5h2 2
72. (a) Note that 2 mi = 10,560 ft, so there are 800# x# feet of river cable at $180 per foot and a10,560 xb feet of land
cable at $100 per foot. The cost is Caxb 180800# x# 100a10,560 xb.
(b) Ca!b $" #!! !!!
Ca&!!b $" "(& )"#
Ca"!!!b $" ")' &"#
Ca"&!!b $" #"# !!!
Ca#!!!b $" #%$ ($#
Ca#&!!b $" #() %(*
Ca$!!!b $" $"% )(!
Values beyond this are all larger. It would appear that the least expensive location is less than 2000 feet from the
point P.
1.2 COMBINING FUNCTIONS; SHIFTING AND SCALING GRAPHS
1. Df : _ x _, Dg : x 1 Df
Dfg : x 1. Rf : _ y _, Rg : y 0, Rf g : y 1, Rfg : y 0
2. Df : x 1 0 x 1, Dg : x 1 0 x 1. Therefore Df
Rf Rg : y 0, Rf g : y 2, Rfg : y 0
Dfg : x 1.
3. Df : _ x _, Dg : _ x _, Dfg : _ x _, Dgf : _ x _, Rf : y 2, Rg : y 1,
Rfg : 0 y 2, Rgf : "# y _
4. Df : _ x _, Dg : x 0 , Dfg : x 0, Dgf : x 0; Rf : y 1, Rg : y 1, Rfg : 0 y 1, Rgf : 1 y _
5. (a) 2
(d) (x 5)# 3 x# 10x 22
(g) x 10
(b) 22
(e) 5
(h) (x# 3)# 3 x% 6x# 6
(c) x# 2
(f) 2
(b) 2
"
x
(c)
(e) 0
(g) x 2
(h)
(f)
"
"
x 1 1
x
x
"
#
1
x"
x#
"
x 1
3
4
1
x
x1
7. afghbaxb fagahaxbbb faga4 xbb fa3a4 xbb fa12 3xb a12 3xb 1 13 3x
8. afghbaxb fagahaxbbb fagax2 bb fa2ax2 b 1b fa2x2 1b 3a2x2 1b 4 6x2 1
9. afghbaxb fagahaxbbb fg 1x f 1 1 % f 1 x 4x 1 x 4x " 15x4x"
x
2 x
2
2 x
f $ x
1
2x
2 x
$ x 2
3 $2 xx
8 3x
7 2x
(b) a jgbaxb
(e) aghf baxb
(c) aggbaxb
(f) ahjf baxb
(b) aghbaxb
(e) a jgf baxb
(c) ahhbaxb
(f) agfhbaxb
g(x)
f(x)
(f g)(x)
(a)
x7
x 7
(b)
x2
3x
3(x 2) 3x 6
(c)
x#
x 5
x# 5
(d)
x
x1
x
x1
"
x1
"
x
1
13.
(e)
(f)
"
x
gaxb"
g ax b
x
x (x1)
"
x
"
lx "l .
x
x 1
x
x 1 1
x
x"
"
"
g ax b
x
x"
"
x
x"
"
g ax b
"
x"
"
gaxb so
gaxb x ".
The completed table is shown. Note that the absolute value sign in part (d) is optional.
gaxb
faxb
afgbaxb
"
"
lxl
x"
lx "l
x"
x#
x
x"
x
x
#
x
x"
lxl
lxl
(b) gafa0bb ga2b 2
(e) gafa2bb ga1b 1
10
Chapter 1 Functions
(d) fafa2bb fa0b 2 0 2, where fa2b 2 2 0
(e) gafa0bb ga2b 2 1 1, where fa0b 2 0 2
(f) fg "# f #" 2 #" 5# , where g "# "# 1 "#
1
x 1
g ax b
g ax b 2
2x
x1
22. (a) y x# 3
(b) y x# 5
x6
2
3 x6
gaxb
2
(b) Position 1
(c) Position 2
(d) Position 3
25.
26.
27.
28.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
11
12
Chapter 1 Functions
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.