EQUATION SHEET

Ideal-gas law: p  RT, Rair  287 J/kg-K

1
Surface tension: p  Y(R1
1  R2 )

Hydrostatics, constant density:

Hydrostatic panel force: F  hCGA,

p2  p1  (z2 z1),   g

yCP Ixxsin
/(hCG A), xCP Ixy sin
/(hCG A)
CV mass: d/dt( CV d )  g(AV)out

Buoyant force:
FB  fluid(displaced volume)
CV momentum: d/dt1 CV Vd 2

 g 3 (AV )V 4 out  g 3 (AV )V 4 in  g F

Steady flow energy: (p/V 2/2gz)in 

 g (AV)in  0
CV angular momentum: d/dt( CV (r0 V)d )
 g AV(r0V)out g AV(r0V)in g M 0
Acceleration: dV/dt  V/t

(p/V2/2gz)out  hfriction  hpump  hturbine

 u(V/x)  v(V/y) w(V/z)

Incompressible continuity:   V  0

Navier-Stokes: (dV/dt)gp  2V

Incompressible stream function (x,y):

Velocity potential (x, y, z):

u  /y;

v  /x

Bernoulli unsteady irrotational flow:

/t  dp/  V 2/2 gz  Const
Pipe head loss: hf  f(L /d)V 2/(2g)
where f  Moody chart friction factor
Laminar flat plate flow: /x  5.0/Re1/2
x ,
cf  0.664/Re1/2
x ,

CD  1.328/Re1/2
L

CD  Drag/1 12V 2A2; CL  Lift/1 12V2A2

Isentropic flow: T0 /T  1 5(k1)/26Ma2,

0/  (T0/T)1/(k1),

p0 /p  (T0/T)k(k1)

Prandtl-Meyer expansion: K  (k1)/(k1),

K1/2tan1[(Ma21)/K]1/2tan1(Ma21)1/2
Gradually varied channel flow:
dy/dx  (S0  S)/(1  Fr2), Fr  V/Vcrit

u  /x; v  /y; w  /z

Turbulent friction factor: 1/ 1f 

2.0 log10 3/(3.7d)  2.51/1Red 1f)4

Orifice, nozzle, venturi flow:

QCdAthroat 3 2 p/5(14)6 4 1/2,   d/D
Turbulent flat plate flow: /x  0.16/Re1/7
x ,
1/7
cf  0.027/Re1/7
x , C D  0.031/Re L

2-D potential flow: 2  2  0

One-dimensional isentropic area change:
A/A*(1/Ma)[1{(k1)/2}Ma2](1/2)(k1)/(k1)
Uniform flow, Mannings n, SI units:
V0(m/s)  (1.0/n) 3 Rh(m) 4 2/3S1/2
0
Euler turbine formula:
Power  Q(u2Vt2  u1Vt1), u  r