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Modeling of Concrete Materials and Structures: Kaspar Willam
Modeling of Concrete Materials and Structures: Kaspar Willam
Modeling of Concrete Materials and Structures: Kaspar Willam
Kaspar Willam
University of Colorado at Boulder
NOTATION
3-D Tensor Format:
1. Scalar Fields:
x, t) = T (xi, t) where i = 1, 2, 3
Temperature T (x
2. Vector Fields:
x, t) = ui(xi, t) where i = 1, 2, 3
Displacement u (x
3. 2nd Order Tensor Fields:
x, t) = ij (xi, t) where i, j = 1, 2, 3
Stress (x
x, t) = ij (xi, t) where i, j = 1, 2, 3
Strain (x
Direct Notation:
11 12 13
x, t) = 21 22 23
(x
31 32 33
x, t) = Eijkl (xi, t)
E (x
11
E1111 E1122 E1112 E1121
11
22 E2211 E2222 E2212 E2221 22
11
E1111 E1122 E1112
11
22 = E2211 E2222 E2212 22
12
E1211 E1222 E1212
212
Class #1 Concrete Modeling, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, August 20-28, 2007
11
11
E1111 E1122 E1133 E1112 E1123 E1131
22 E2211 E2222 E2233 E2212 E2223 E2231 22
0 E1131
E1111 E1122 E1133 0
E2211 E2222 E2233 0
0 E2231
E] =
[E
0
0 E1212 E1223 0
0
0
0
0 E2312 E2323 0
E3111 E3122 E3133 0
0 E3131
2. Orthotropic Materials:
Two planes of symmetry with
E1111
E2211
E3311
E] =
[E
0
0
0
9 elastic moduli
E1122 E1133 0
0
0
E2222 E2233 0
0
0
E3322 E3333 0
0
0
0
0 E1212 0
0
0
0
0 E2323 0
0
0 E3131
0
0
E] =
[E
0
0 E1212 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 E2323 0
0
0
0
0
0 E3131
4. Cubic Materials
Two additional planes of isotropy and 3 elastic moduli
E1111 = E2222 = E3333, E1122 = E1133 = E2233, E3131 = E2323 = E1212.
0
0
E1111 E1122 E1133 0
E2211 E2222 E2233 0
0
0
E] =
[E
0
0
0 E1212 0
0
0
0
0
0 E2323 0
0
0
0
0
0 E3131
Class #1 Concrete Modeling, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, August 20-28, 2007
ISOTROPIC ELASTICITY
Infinite number of planes with equal material properties and 2 elastic moduli
E1111 = E2222 = E3333, E1122 = E1133 = E2233,
E1212 = E3131 = E2323 = 0.5[E1111 E1122].
0
0
E1111 E1122 E1133 0
E2211 E2222 E2233 0
0
0
E] =
[E
0
0 E1212 0
0
0
0
0 E2323 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 E3131
Lame format of isotropic elastic stress-strain relationship:
= E : where E = 11 1 + 2GII and = (tr)11 + 2G
E
E
where = (12)(1+)
and G = 2(1+)
+ 2G
+ 2G
+ 2G
E] =
[E
0
G
G
Class #1 Concrete Modeling, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, August 20-28, 2007
ISOTROPIC ELASTICITY
Elastic Compliance Relationship:
= C : where
1
)11 +
C = 1 1 +
I and = (tr
E
2G
E
2G
0
0
C1111 C1122 C1133 0
C2211 C2222 C2233 0
0
0
0
0
0
C
C
C
3311
3322
3333
1
C ] = [E
E ]=
[C
0
0
0 C1212 0
0
0
0
0
0 C2323 0
0
0
0
0
0 C3131
Poissons ratio: = lat
axial
1
1
1
1
1
C ] = [E
E ]=
[C
2[1 + ]
E
0
2[1 + ]
2[1 + ]
Class #1 Concrete Modeling, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, August 20-28, 2007
ISOTROPIC ELASTICITY
)11
Volumetric-Deviatoric Split: = e + 13 (tr)11 and = s + 13 (tr
(a) Volumetric Response:
) = 3 K(tr)
(tr
where K = + 23 G =
E
3(12)
3(12)
2(1+) K
E
2(1+)
FAILURE HYPOTHESES
) = Fiso(R
Rt R )
1. Isotropic Strength Criteria: Fiso(
(a) Principal Format: Fiso = Fiso(1, 2, 3) = 0
(b) Invariant Format: Fiso = Fiso(I1, I2, I3) = 0
); I2 = 21 (tr
2); I3 = 31 (tr
3)
where I1 = (tr
(c) Volumetric-Deviatoric Format: Fiso = Fiso(I1, J2, J3) = 0
where J1 = 0; J2 = 12 (trss2); J3 = 31 (trss3) = det s
Examples: Rankine, Tresca, Mohr-Coulomb, von Mises, Drucker-Prager,
Willam-Warnke, Ottosen, Gudehus, Lade ..
: P : , q : ) = 0
2. Anisotropic Strength Criteria: Faniso(
Faniso = F (11, 22, 33, 12, 23, 31) = 0
Examples: Hill, Hoffman, Tsai-Wu ..
Class #1 Concrete Modeling, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, August 20-28, 2007
- Deviatoric Coordinate = s : s
3
- Angle of Similarity: cos3 = 2J27J
1.5
2
10
9
8
7
6
/fc
5
4
3
2
1
0
/fc
10
2(1e2 )cos+(2e1)
Tensile Meridian
2/fc
3/fc
/fc 0.0
2/fc
3/fc
2.0
4.0
6.0
10.0
Compressive Meridian
1/fc
8.0
6.0
4.0
/fc
2.0
0.0
2.0
CONCLUDING REMARKS