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The forgotten gardener | Pakistan Today

The forgotten gardener

Lahore

JANUARY 29, 2011 BY PHOTO AND TEXT BY AOWN ALI

To find Ali Mardan Khans tomb, travelling east on G.T. Road, you should turn right (south) on Mughalpura
Road (formerly Wheatman Road or Vetman Road as it is locally called). As you approach the railway tracks,
you need to keep a lookout for a small sign saying MET-1 on your right. Immediately after the sign is a small
gate (presently painted green) for pedestrian entry.
The gate is normally locked and is open only on Thursdays. Although it is said that it is open on other
weekdays between 10:00 and 12:00 noon as well, if you wish to visit this remarkable structure, it is advisable
to contact the Department of Archaeology so that the relevant guard is instructed to open it.
This elaborate arrangement is due to the surrounding area being under the jurisdiction of Pakistan Railways,
who have allowed the Department of Archaeology an enclosed walkway for access to the tomb. Be prepared
for a 300 meter walk on a bare earth floor (there is no paving) through this narrow walkway, relieved by an
interesting pattern of light and shade filtering on the enclosing bare brick walls through a steel lattice roof.
Surprisingly, this complicated arrangement is not for the security of the magnificent tomb, but to ensure
inaccessibility to the expensive railway stores of the Railway Carriage Workshop on adjacent land.
Approximately 3/4 of the way through, a passage veers on the left, and leads to a large enclosure with a
shrine and historical mosque. The shrine belongs to Ghous-al Azam Dastgir, Hamid Shah Qari, who is much
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revered by the local community, who congregate here every Thursday.

On the left of the mosque are a well and a small wash chamber, said to be of the same vintage as the
mosque. The mazaar is really a grave in an enclosure but carries no roof. To reach the historic Mughal
sepulcher, you will need to continue on the original walkway, which leads you directly to a gate beyond which,
in a large, isolated enclosure stands the imposing tomb of Ali Mardan Khan. Ali Mardan, originally a noble at
the court of the Safavid king Shah Tahmasp.
He became an indispensable member of the Mughal nobility and was appointed Governor of Kashmir, Lahore
and Kabul. In 1639, Ali Mardan Khan was given the title of Amir al-Umara, made a Haft Hazari and appointed
viceroy of the Punjab. Ali Mardan Khan was also an eminent engineer. He is credited with supervising
construction of several royal buildings in Kashmir and digging of the Delhi canal, which runs between the Red
Fort and the old city. The water supply system of Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir (Gulmarg) was also planned
by him.
His lasting contribution to actualize Shah Jahans paradisiacal vision for Lahore was the construction of a
canal from the river Ravi for the supply of water to the Shalimar Gardens, as well as for the irrigation and
cultivation of surrounding areas. Although the Shalimar canal was later completed by others, Ali Mardan also
became known for the canal he built at Shajahanabad (Delhi). He is known to have built many edifices and
gardens-at Nimla (near Kabul), Kabul, Peshawar and Lahore. He died in 1657, while on his way to Kashmir.
The Tomb: The tomb itself is a massive brick construction work, octagonal in plan with a high dome and
kiosks on angular points and standing on an eight sided podium, each side measuring 58 ft. It was originally a
magnificent structure with the dome finished with white marble inlaid with floral design in black marble. Its
sides punctured by lofty Timurid iwans, surmounted by a massive 42 diameter dome raised on a drum.
Today, shorn of surface decoration, except the remains of frescoes in some of the alcoves, the exterior walls
must once have carried scintillating tile mosaic (kashi kari), as can be seen in the extant gateway at some
distance to the north of the sepulcher. The tomb once stood at the centre of a paradisiacal garden, a favourite
theme as evidenced in the sepulcher of Jahangir. The extent of Ali Mardan garden can be gauged by the
double-storey gateway in the north mentioned above.
Similar gateways would have marked the centers of the south, west and east edges of the garden square.
Although Ali Mardan Khan was a Mughal noble and not a saint, the spiritually-inclined locals call the tomb
Mardan Khans durbar or shrine. The grave which is in the subterranean chamber, and accessed through a
descending flight of steps, is decorated in the manner of a saints shrine.
The ravaged condition of the tomb is attributed to the Sikh rule, when the tomb structure was used as a
military magazine be Gulab Singh, one of Ranjit Singhs generals, and the gateway as residence by Gurdit
Singh, colonel of the Sikh battalion Misranwali.

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