How does my periscope work?

Light always reflects away from a mirror at the same angle that
it hits the mirror. In your periscope, light hits the top mirror at a
45-degree angle and reflects away at the same angle, which
bounces it down to the bottom mirror. That reflected light hits
the second mirror at a 45-degree angle and reflects away at the
same angle, right into your eye.
Can I make a periscope with a really long tube?
You can make your peri- scope longer, but the longer the tube is,
the smaller the image you'll see. Periscopes in tanks and
submarines have magnifying lenses between the mirrors to make
the reflected image bigger.
The kaleidoscope is a tube of mirrors containing loose
coloured beads or pebbles, or other small coloured
objects. The viewer looks in one end and light enters the
other end, reflecting off the mirrors. Typically there are two
rectangular lengthways mirrors. Setting of the mirrors at
45 creates eight duplicate images of the objects, six at
60, and four at 90. As the tube is rotated, the tumbling of
the coloured objects presents the viewer with varying
colours and patterns. Any arbitrary pattern of objects
shows up as a beautiful symmetric pattern because of the
reflections in the mirrors. A two-mirror model yields a
pattern or patterns isolated against a solid black

background, while a three-mirror (closed triangle) model

yields a pattern that fills the entire field.