CHNG 5 :

TNH TOAN MONG.

1. MONG N :
Th t thit k :
1) Xac nh tai trong tac dung xung mong.
2) Chon su chn mong.
3) Xac nh kch thc s b mong.
4) Kim tra kch thc mong theo TTGH 2 (cua nn t).
5) Kim tra kch thc mong theo TTGH 1 (cua mong).
6) Tnh toan bn, cu tao mong.
1.1. Xac nh tai trong xung mong :
Thng thng dung t hp ni lc Nmax - Mt trong ct tnh toan mong. Sau o kim tra
vi cac t hp con lai.
Khi tnh toan vi TTGH 1 dung t hp ni lc tnh toan.
Khi tnh toan vi TTGH 2 dung t hp ni lc tiu chun.
Do khi tnh toan khung ta dung tai trong tnh toan ni lc trong khung la ni lc tnh
toan. Nu chnh xac xac nh ni lc tiu chun ta phai tnh lai khung khi chu tai trong tiu
chun (tai trong khng nhn vi h s vt tai), nhng n gian co th ly :
Ni lc tiu chun = ni lc tnh toan / 1,15.
Do vy N tc =

N tt
M tt
Q tt
; M tc =
; Q tc =
1,15
1,15
1,15

Do khi tnh khung, ta xem ct lin kt ngam tai ct

N
M
mt trn cua mong nn lc truyn xung mong la tai v
Q
tr mt trn cua mong. Khi tnh toan mong ta cn a tai
N
trong tai mt trn mong xung t tai ay mong.
Q
Suy ra M tai v tr ay mong = M + Q.h (chu y
M = M + Q.h
chiu Q & M, nu ngc chiu nhau th M tai v tr
ay mong = M Q.h).
Va lc doc N truyn xung ay mong = lc doc trong ct + trong lng phn ct + dm tng
trt.
Khi tnh mong, ta xem lc Q truyn vao t xung quanh mong (khng xet) con N & M
truyn xung t di ay mong.
1.2. Chon chiu su chn mong (hcm ) :
La khu quan trong cua cng tac thit k mong. Trong nhiu trng hp mong cang nng
th gia thanh cang re nn ngi ta c gng t mong nng nu co th c, nhng cac lp t trn
cung thng khng bao am nhng oi hoi i vi t nn do tnh nen lun ln, sc chu tai thp
mt n nh, vv
Chiu su chn mong phu thuc cac yu t.
+ a hnh, iu kin a cht cng trnh, a cht thuy vn.
+ c im cng trnh thit k va cac cng trnh ln cn.

+ Anh hng cua kh hu.

Khi chon chiu su chn mong cn lu y sc chu tai cua nn phu thuc chiu su chn
mong va b rng mong.
+ Khi

hcm
0,5 : mong thuc loai chn nng. Khi vt trang thai cn bng gii han, t
b

nn b ep tri ln trn mt t sc chu tai cua nn se be.

+ Khi 0,5 <
lm.
+ Khi 2 <
+ Khi
hp trn.

hcm
2 : mong thuc loai chn su trung bnh. Sc chu tai cua nn khng ln
b

hcm
3 : mong thuc loai chn su. Sc chu tai cua nn tng ln nhiu.
b

hcm
> 3 : mong thuc loai chn rt su. Sc chu tai ln hn rt nhiu cac trng
b

(thng chon chiu su chn mong hcm = 1 1,5m).

1.3. Xac nh kch thc s b mong :
+ Gia thit chiu rng mong b.
at TN
+ Xac nh cng t nn :
Rtc = (A.b + B.hcm).g + D.Ctc .
g : trong lng ring cua t.
A, B, D : cac h s phu thuc jtc (jtc : goc
ni ma sat tiu chun cua nn t).
Tra bang 2-2 trang 28, giao trnh
Nn & Mong .
tc
C : lc dnh tiu chun cua nn.
+ Xac nh din tch F yu cu :
F

N tc
R tc - g tb .hm

0,00

0,00

tc

hm

Ntc : tai trong tiu chun truyn xung mong

(xac nh bc 1).
Phn trong lng nay + Ntc gy
Rtc : trn.
ap lc ln t bn di mong
gtb : dung trong trung bnh cua t & btng trn ay mong. (gtb = 2 2,2T/m3)
hm : chiu su cua lp t trn mong (tnh t ct hoan thin nn 0.00 n ct ay mong).
Sau khi xac nh F chon kch thc mong ab. Kim tra lai b chon va b gia thit ban
u. Nu sai khac cn gia thit lai va tnh lai F.
* Theo Linovits th chon kch thc mong nh sau :
N tc + G tc
; Gtc : trong lng phn t & btng trn mong = gtb.hm.F
tc
R
tc

N + G tc
R tc

+
+
a=
1
1
29
.
e
.
B
.
o
2,4.R tc .B
N tc + G tc

b=

trong o : eo =

M tc
N tc + G tc

(Nu a < b th chon a = b).

Thc hin nh trn phai dung tnh lp nh sau :
Gia thit a, b tnh F, Rtc Gtc b, a kim tra vi b, a a gia thit.
1.4. Kim tra kch thc mong theo TTGH 2 cua nn (TTGH v bin dang) :
Cac phng phap tnh lun hin nay u da vao nguyn ly bin dang tuyn tnh, co th
coi nen la bin dang tuyn tnh th ap lc do cac tai trong tiu chun gy ra phai thoa man iu
kin : Ptc Rtc.
Cng Rtc la ap lc ng vi khi vung bin dang deo trong nen vung di mep mong
phat trin n su = b/4. Luc o bin dang deo trong nn coi la nho so vi toan b th tch cua
nn va nn co th coi la bin dang tuyn tnh. Nu tai trong ngoai gy ap lc > Rtc th vung bin
dang deo trong nn se phat trin qua rng cho nn t nn khng con lam vic trong giai oan
bin dang tuyn tnh na lun tnh toan se khng phu hp ( lun thc t tng ln nhiu so
vi lun tnh toan).
i vi mong ch nht th kim tra cac iu kin :
N tc
+ gtb.hm Rtc
F
N tc
6 M tc
=
+ gtb.hm + 2 1,2.Rtc
F
a .b
N tc
6M tc
=
+ gtb.hm - 2 0. ( tranh hin tng mong b keo ln khoi mt t)
F
a .b

s tbtc =
tc
s max
tc
s min

Cac s nay co xet n gtb.hm v trong lng phn t & btng bn trn co tham gia truyn
lc xung t di ay mong.
Kim tra lun :
Tnh lun bng phng phap cng lun tng lp.
n

S =
i =1

b i gl
.s zi .hi
Ei

Vi bi = 0,8
Ei : Moun bin dang cua lp phn t th i.
hi : chiu day lp phn t th i.
s zigl = k o .s zgl=0 : ap lc gy lun tai su trung bnh cua lp th i.
s zgl=0 = s tbtc - Sg .hcm : /s gy lun tai su z = 0.

ko : tra bang, phu thuc su trung bnh cua lp phn t th i.

Tnh lun n lp phn t co sgl 0,2sbt (sbt : /s ban thn).
Lp bang tnh lun S. So sanh vi gia tr lun cho phep (bang 16-TCXD 45-78).
s tbtc R tc
i vi mt s cng trnh, ngi ta thy rng nu tc
th thng am bao
s max 1,2 R tc

lun S Sgh. Cac loai cng trnh o c lit k trong bang 17-TCXD 45-78.
1.5. Kim tra kch thc mong theo TTGH 1cua mong :

Dung t hp ni lc tnh toan. V trong lng t & btng khng gy ra hin tng choc
thung, ct, un trong mong nn khi xac nh ng sut trong t nn ta khng xet n trong lng
cua t & btng trn mong (co ngha la khng co gtb.hm). Suy ra cng thc tnh ap lc truyn
vao mong tnh choc thung, ct, un la :

Phn trong lng nay b trit

tiu bi ap lc ay mong.

Ap lc t di ay mong.
N tt
s =
F
N tt
6M tt
tt
s max =
+ 2
F
a .b
tt
N
6 M tt
tt
s min =
- 2
F
a .b
Ngay t bc 1 (bc xac nh tai trong) ta a gia thit chiu cao mong h cn kim tra
chiu cao h cua mong theo cac iu kin :
1.5.1. iu kin choc thung :
Ngi ta quan nim nu mong b choc thung
ac
th s choc thung xay ra theo b mt cua hnh chop
cut co cac mt bn xut phat t chn ct (c ct) va
nghing 1 goc 45o so vi phng thng ng.
45
iu kin mong khng b choc thung :
tt
tt
smin
Nct 0,75Rk.ho.btb
smax stto
Vi : Nct = Fct.scttb
E
Fct : din tch a giac ABCDEF.
F
tt
tb

tt
s max
+ s ott
: /s trung bnh cua
2

b + bd
btb = c
: b rng trung bnh cua
2

C
A B

bd

a giac ABCDEF.
Rk : cng chu keo cua btng.
ho : chiu cao lam vic cua mong
(ho = chiu cao mong h a).

D
bc

s cttb =

ac

ad
a

thap choc thung.

1.5.2. iu kin theo cu kin BTCT chu un (theo mp nghing khi khng co ct ngang) :

Chiu cao h cua mong phai am bao iu kin :

s tt .a
0,4.a c .Rn
ac

tt
a - ac
s max
+ s 1tt
tt
,s =
Vi : L =
2
2

tt

cac thanh.
Momen tai mt ngam 2 - 2 :

tt

tt

tt
smax
2s max
+ s 1tt
M 1-1 =
b.L2
6
M 1-1
Fa =
s lng va ng knh
0,9.ho .Ra

smin

s1
1
1

bc

1.6. Tnh toan bn, cu tao mong :

Momen tai mt ngam 1 - 1 :

ac

s tt b - bc
M 2 - 2 = tb .a.

2 2
M 2- 2
Fa =
s lng va ng knh
0,9.ho .Ra

ho L

cac thanh.
Nu kch thc mong ln (> 2,5m) tit kim thep ta t so le :

0,9a
a

( > 2,5m)

Thep chu lc trong mong dung loai co f 10. Khoang cach a = 100 200. lp btng bao
v abv = 3,5cm nu co lp btng lot mong.
2. TNH MONG I :
N1
N2
2.1. Xac nh tai trong :
M1
M2
Tai 2 truc ct : xac nh tai trong tnh toan, tai trong tiu
chun (a v v tr ay mong nh mong n).
l
2.2. Chon su chn mong : tng t phn mong n.
2.3. Xac nh kch thc s b mong :
Gia thit b rng mong b tnh c Rtc (nh phn mong n)
F

tc

R tc - g tb .hm

chon ab (kch thc mong). Kim tra b so vi gia thit, nu lch

th gia thit lai b va tnh lai.

2.4. Kim tra nn theo TTGH 2 :

Kim tra iu kin /s :

N
=

tc
tb

tc
max

tc

+ gtb.hm Rtc

N
=

tc
s min
=

tc

F
N tc
F

+ gtb.hm +
+ gtb.hm -

6. M tc
2

a .b
6. M tc
a 2 .b

1,2.Rtc
0

(Cn chu y du M1tc & M2tc khi tnh Mtc v co th M1tc & M2tc ngc du phai tr nhau).
Kim tra lun : nh mong n.
Cn lu y :
Cac /s trn c xac nh trong trng hp trong tm mong trung vi trong tm cua lc doc
N1 & N2 co ngha la :
N1
N2
y
x
N1.x = N2.y (O : tm mong cung la trong tm cua
lc N1 & N2).
O
Nu v ly do nao o ma iu kin trn khng thoa
a/ 2
a/ 2
man th thay Mtc trong cng thc tnh s trn bng
(tm mong)
Motc (= momen cua cac lc + momen i vi im
khng).
VD :
tc

N1

tc

y N2

tc
M1

tc

M2
a/ 2

a/ 2

Ly momen i vi im O :

tc
o

= M 1tc + M 2tc + N 1tc .x - N 2tc . y

Thng ngi ta chon tm mong tm lc doc : tc la cn xac nh x, y t 2 phng trnh :

N 1 .x = N 2 . y

x + y = l (khoang cach 2 truc ct)

2.5. Tnh toan mong theo TTGH 1 :

Xac nh /s tnh toan gy un, ct, choc thung trong mong.

N
=

tt
tb

tt
max
min

tt

N
=
F

tt

6. M tt
a 2 .b

(nu trong tm mong khng trung trong tm lc ly Motc).

* Nu cu tao dm mong vn console ra 2 u va dm mong u chu Q th khng cn tnh
iu kin choc thung.

Dm mong

Ct

Ct

ct ai u chu lc ct Q
nn khng cn kim tra choc thung.

Console

* Nu cu tao dm mong khng vn console th tnh choc thung nh mong n.

Dm mong
ho

45

tt

smin

tt
smax
tt

so

45
Fct

Kim tra chiu cao mong theo iu kin BTCT chu un :

+ Khng cn kim tra chiu cao toan mong nu dm mong co vn console.
+ i vi dm mong khng vn console :
l

ho L

s tt .a
0,4.l tr .Rn

tt
s max
+ s 1tt
s =
2
tt

tr

ho
tt

smin

tt
smax
tt

s1

+ Kim tra chiu cao canh mong nu dm mong vn console :

ho L

s tbtt .bdm
0,4.b.Rn

b dm

ho
L
b

2.6. Tnh toan ni lc & b tr ct thep :

2.6.1. Ni lc theo phng canh dai :
tt
tt
a xac nh x, y, s max
, s min
, s tbtt cui muc 2.4.
Ta co c h lc tac dung vao mong theo phng canh dai nh sau :
tt

N1

tt

y N2

tt

tt

O M2

M1

tt
qmax = smax .b

tt

qmin = smin .b
q2

q1

l1

l2

a/ 2

a/ 2

M5
1

M2
M1

+ Xac nh M1 :
M1 =

M4
M3

2q max + q1 2
l1
6

M2 = M1 M1tt (M1tt : momen cua ct truyn vao : nu ngc du vi h.ve th + )

(theo qui tc but ch trong c hoc kt cu).
+ Xac nh M4 :
M4 =

2q min + q 2 2
l2
6

M3 = M4 + M2tt (M2tt : momen cua ct truyn vao : nu ngc du vi h.ve th )

(theo qui tc but ch trong c hoc kt cu).
M 2 + M 3 (q1 + q 2 ) l 2
M5 =

2
2
8

Ly gia tr ln nht cua M1 & M2 tnh ct thep di cua tit din di gi . Ly gia tr ln
nht cua M3 & M4 tnh ct thep di cua tit din di gi . Nu M5 < 0 tnh thep trn cua
b dm
dm mong.
+ M dng : tnh nh tit din bdmh
70% Fa b tr trong sn
70%Fa
Fa di :
h
30% Fa b tr trong canh
30%Fa

+ M m : tnh nh tit din Bh Fatrn.

trn
Fa

Biu Q :
tt

tt

N1

N2

tt

tt

M1

M2

qmax

q1

l1

q2

l2

Q1
+

qmin

Q3
+

Q4

Q2

(nu qmax bn phai, qmin bn trai th Q cong xung)

1
(q max + q1 ).l1 Q2 = Q1- N1tt
2
1
Q4 = - (q min + q 2 ).l 2 Q3 = Q4 + N2tt
2
Q1 =

Ly gia tr ln nht xac nh ct ai. Tnh ct ai theo tit din bdmh (oan gia nhp
dm mong co th b tr ai tha hn) umax , utt , uct chon utk .
2.6.2. Ni lc theo phng canh ngn : (cho 1 dai mong dai 1m)
Mngn = s tbtt .1m.

L2
h s A Fa cua 1m.
2

ng knh & khoang cach thanh s (xac nh ct thep nh khi tnh san)

1m