Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Endocrinecentral (Author T.globa)
Endocrinecentral (Author T.globa)
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Endemic Goiter
Cushing syndrome
Endocrine system
Includes the group of organs, parts of some
organs and single cells that produce hormones
into the blood or lymph.
Hormones act to the target organs or target
cells.
Hormones have properties of tropism (like a
key of a lock)
Target cell has specific receptors for the
hormone
General characteristic
Secretory cell is called endocrinocyte
The arrangement of cells can be into cord or
into follicle
Endocrine organs have a great blood supply
(a networks of blood capillaries are
surrounded cords or follicles of cells)
Type of capillaries: fenestrated sinusoid
Endocrine system
Central regulatory formations
Hypothalamus
Hypophysis
Neural origin
Independent of
adenohypophysis
(System APUD)
Other origin
Parathyroid glands
Thyroid gland
Epiphysis
Gonads
Cortex of adrenal gland
(zona fasciculata,
reticularis)
Dependent of adenohypophysis
Indepondent of adenohypophysis
Gonads
Islets of Langerhans
Kidney
Placenta
Myocardium
Thymus
Merkels corpuscules
Endocrine Glands
Hypothalamus
Neurons of the grey matter of hypothalamus
are formed 32 pairs of nuclei
These nuclei are situated in 3 zones:
anterior, medium and posterior
According to the sizes of neurons and their
functions these nuclei can be divided into:
large-celled and small-celled
Large-celled nuclei
Supraoptic & paraventricular
These nuclei produce 2 hormones:
vasopressin & oxytocin
Small-celled nuclei
Produce the proteins that promote or inhibit the
secretion and excretion of adenohypophyseal
hormones. For example: growth-hormonereleasing factor, growth-hormone-inhibiting
factor,
thyrotropin-releasing
factor,
gonadotropin-releasing factor & other
Oxytocin
causes the contraction of uterine smooth muscle during copulation
and delivery;
causes the contraction of the myoepithelial cells of the secretory
alveoli and alveolar ducts of the breast at time of the breastfeeding;
causes the contraction of the myoepithelial cells of the seminiferous
tubules of testis at time of orgasm and ejaculation.
Hypophysis
Pars
intermedia
Cells of adenohypophysis
Types:
Chromophils (stain
well)
Acidophils (stain with
acid dyes into pink color)
Basophils (stain with
basic dyes into blue color)
Chromophobs (stain
poorly)
Chromophils
Acidophils
somatotrophs somatotropin (growth hormone, GH)
lactotrophs - prolactin (mammotropin)
Basophils
thyrotrophs
Chromophobes
cambial reserve
chromophils at rest
old cells
supporting cells
Name of the
hormone
Somatotropin (growth
hormone, GH)
Prolactin (mammotropin)
Thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)
Pineal gland
Pineal gland contains 2 types
of cells:
- pinealocytes, that are
arranged into cords and
produce some hormones
- interstitial (glial) cells that
make supporting function
It is sensitive to different levels of
light and is essential to the
functioning of an animal's biological
clock.
Bye-bye!!!