miqu

Wiia idCIr;dj" .= wdhq ld,h" my;a <ore urK wkqmd;slh ldka;djkag iu ;Fjhla ,nd oSu"
ixjrAOk lghq;=j,oS mdrsirsl ';%;ajhla ,nd.ekSug lghq;= lsrSu wd orAYl wkqj ii|d n,k l,
f;jeks f,dj iu tal mqoa., wdodhu we;s wka rgj,aj,g jvd hqKq ;;a;ajhla fmkakq l<o"
/lshdj yd mam;alu m%uqL fldg f.k mek ke.S we;s fndfyda iudc wdrA:sl m%Yak /ilg wm rg
uqyqKmd we;'
YS% ,xldf tal mqoa., wdodhu foaYmd,k ksoyi ,enQ 1948 isg jefjka mej;=ko wdodhu
fnhdf Iu;djhla l%ufhka jrAOkh ula olakg we;'

1973 ck.ykfhka 40] lajq wvq

wdodh ,nk ck lKavdhu ,enq wdodh m%udKh rf uq wdodhfuka 19'3] laj ;snq w;r 1991
th 14'8] olajd my; je we;' /lshd wjia:d jirlg je we;af;a 1'1] lska muKs'
n,ldh Bg fo.=Khlska je we;' ,CI 8 lg

tfy;a Y%u

wdikak ixLHdjla kg /lshd rys;j isk

w;r thska 35] la oa;shsl wOHdmkh ksu l< W.;a ;reK msi fj;s'
mam;alu" j;au i|yd uq,sl wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fkdyelsnj iy iudc idOdrK;ajh
,nd.ekSf wmyiq;djh fmkakq lrk ,CIKhla f,ig ykd.; yelsh' Wreufhka ,;a fohla
fkdue;slka mam;aj isk who" ;uka Wmhd.;afoa l%udkql+,j ho fkdlsu ksid uyfha
mam;aj isk who" wdnd; fyhska idodld,slj mam;aj isk who jYfhka mam;=ka fldgia l<
yel'

ka je fofkl=g wdrA:sl ksIamdokhg iyNd.s ug wjia:d imhdu ;=,ska mam;alka uqojd

.; yel'
fmdaIK ;;a;j
a h Kqula f,ig mam;alu uekSu i|yd fhdod .kq ,ef'

ukao fmdaIKh yd

mam;alu w;r n,j;a iyinkaO;djhla mj;sk nj f,dj fkdfhla rgj, lr we;s iCIKj,ska
fmkS f.dia we;'

ukao fmdaIKfhka fmf,k fndfyda

<uqka yuqjkafka

mam;a mjq,a w;ks'

1980 -

82 w;r mj;ajk ,o fmdaIKh ms<sn| iCIKhlska fy<s jq lreKq wkqj wm rf fmr mdi,a hk
<uqka w;=ka 36] la W.% ukao fmdaIKfhka fmKs'
;snqks'

jhi

f fya;= fldg f.k Tjqkaf.a jrAOkh o nd,

wkqj ;sh hq;= nr m%udKh wkqj i,ld neg" 1993 fmdaIK m%;sm;a;s ie,iq

wxYh uska lrk ,o iCIKhlg wkqj jhig wvq nka hq;a orejkaf.a ixLHdj 35] la muK jk
nj fmkS f.dia we;'
/lshd rys;" W!K fiajd kshqla; yd mam;a hk fldgia iudch ;=, meyeos,sj fjkafldg ykd
.ekSu wmyiqh'
mam;a;= is;s'
fkdue;'

/lshd rys; fndfyda

wh mam;=ka fkdfj;s'

tfukau /lshd lrk wh w;r o

/lshdj, ksr; iuyr whg ;u uq,sl wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug m%udKj;a wdodhula

f wkqj fmkS hkafka wdka;slj wvq ksIamdok M,odhs;djhla we;s lghq;=j, mam;=ka fh

isk nj;a" wvq Y%u M,odhs;dj ;=,ska ,efnk i;H bmehqu l%ufhka wvqj f.dia iuyr /lshdj,
fhfokakjqka o mam;=ka .Khg jefgk nj;ah'
mj;sk ixLHd f,aLk wkqj fmkS hkafka mam;alu je jYfhka olakg ,efnkafka kd.lj fkdj
.%dhj njh' kd.l mam;=ka fndfyduhla .ka k.rhg meKs wh f'
k.rhg tkafkda wvq jegqmla ,nk /lshdj, fhfo;s'
/lshd ;djld,slh'

/lshd fidhd .ka

Tjqka kqqmqyqKq Y%lhkah' fndfydag Tjqkaf.a

wu;a wdrA:sl wxYfha /lshdj, fh isu fudjqka w;r fmfkk ,CIKhls'

fuu .egj,g i fiu i|yd jkajr O rchka uska fkdfhl=;a W;aidyhka ord we;'
1950 oYlfha bm;a l, oi wjqre ie,eiau" 1970 oYlfha

bm;a l, mia wjqre ie,eiau"

1980 oYlfha bm;a l, taldnoaO .%dh ixjrAOk jevigyk yd tu oYlfha w. Nd.fha

bm;a l< ckih jevigyk f i|yd .;a mshjrj,a f,ig lah yelsh'

f ish

jevigyka uska rf wdrA:sl ixjrAOkh je lr,Su ;=,ska /lshd wjia:d ckkh fldg /lshdj yd
mam;alu wju lsu wfmalaId flks'
je M,odhs;djhlska hq;a /lshd yd wdodh W;amdok wjia:d ykajdu" tl;= lrk ,o je
jkdlka hq;a kj ksIamdok wjia:d ykajdu" kj yd Wmfhda.S ;dCIKh fhdod .kska ksIamdok
lghq;=j, fhug wjia:d imhdu yd fj<|m,g m%fYf wjia:d ykajdu
iqiq

f i|yd .; yels

mshjr f,i ykajdh yelsh'

1994 kj rch uska mam;alu ;=rka lr,Su i|yd bm;a lrk ,o cd;sl jevigyk jqqfha
iuDoa jevigykhs'

;reKhka w;r n,j;au m%Yakh jk /lshdjg iula ,ndu;a" fmdf

mam;alu rg ;=,ska ;=rka lsu;a" ;reK ;reKshka ixjrAOkhg iDcqju iyNd.s lr.ekSu;a fuu
jevigyfka wruqK f'

iS>%fhka jejk Y%u n,ldh i|yd by< M,odhs;djhlska hq;a /lshd

wjia:d yd wdodh udrA. ykajdu t;r myiq lghq;a;la fkdf'

tfy;a Bg wod< jk .%dh

h;, myiql ixjrAOkh lsu" .%dh ck;dj ;=, fi!LH yd fmdaIK ;;a;ajh by< u yd
Tjqka w;r iajhx /lshd i|yd m%fYf wjia:d jelr,Su hk lghq;= i|yd fuu jevigyk
uska m%uqLia:dkh ,nd we;'

iuDoa jevigyfka mmd,k yd l<ukdlrK whr

ck;d iyNd.S;ajfhka hq;a

ixjrAOk jevigykla f,i iuDoa jevigyk idrA:lj l%shd;aul lsu

i|yd .%dh ugf isg cd;sl ugu olajd whr lsysmhlska m%cd ixOdk yd mmd,k tall
msysgqjd we;'

miafokdf.a lKavdhu
mam;alf m%n, ,CIK k mam;=ka ;ks isu yd Tjqka w;r ixOdk Yla;shla fkd;suh' .%dh
ugf my,u ixOdkh f,ig ^mia fokdf.a& l=vd lKavdhu msysgqjd we;' ;u ;ukaf.a leue;a;
u; mam;a mjq,a myla tla fuu lKavdhu iEfoa' fuu lKavdhu ks;r /ia b;s lsu i|yd
/ia idlPd mj;ajk w;r" ie,iq l%shdj,sh mjq, fj; f.k hk b;d fyd| jeys wOHdmk
l%uhla f,io fuh ye|skah yel' fuh furg ixialD;shg wdfksl jQ w;a;
l%uh mK.ekaug lrkq ,nk W;aidhla f,igo ye|skah yel'

iuDoa n,ldh
iuDoa n,ldh msysgqjd we;af;a tys .%du ks<Od jiula ksfhdackh jk f,igh' wod, jif jhi
18-35 w;r ;reK msi fuhg wh;af' ;reK ;reKshka rf ixjrAOk l%shdj,sh ie,iq lsug
fufyhu yd m%.;s md,khg inkaO lsu iuDoa n,ldhka msysgqf uQ,sl wruqK f'

WmfoaYl iNd
fldGdYfha mx W.;=ka jeyshkaf.ka yd mQcH mCIfhka iuka; WmfoaYl uKav,h ne.ska
msysgqjd we;s w;r iuDoa n,ldhg wjYH Wmfoia fuuska ,nd.ekSug wkqn, we;'

m%dfoaYSh iuDoa lgq

m%dfoaYSh f,alf.a m%Odk;ajfhka m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYhlg tl ne.ska m%dfoaYSh iuDoa lgq
msysgqjd we;' ish m%dfoaYSh rcfha ks,Odka tys idudlfhda fj;s'

tu m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYh

;=, iuDoa jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsu ms<sn| ishu j.lS fuu lgqjg mej we;'

ia;s%la iuDoa lgq

ia;s%la f,alf.a m%Odk;ajfhka iy ia;s%lalfha ish rdcH wdh;k m%Odkskaf.ka fuu lgq iuka;
f'

osia;s%lalfha iuDoa jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsf j.lSu fuu lgqjg mej we;' . ugf

isg cd;sl ugu olajd iuDoa jevigyk ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh rEm igyk wxl 01 ys laf'
rEm igyka wxl 01

iuDoa jevigyk l%shd;aul lrf wdh;ksl ixOdk jHqyh

mmd,k$l<uKdlrk ug
cd;sl ugu

wod,jk wdh;k$ ixOdk

Y%S ,xld iuDoa wldh
iuDoa flduidia ckrd,a fomdrA;fka;=j
<s iyk fomdrA;fka;=j

ia;%sla ugu

ia;%sla f,al$ ia;%sla

ia;%sla iuDoa ldrAhd,

wOHCI

^iyldr iuDoa
flduidia&

m%dfoaYSh ugu

l,dm ugu

m%dfoaYSh f,al$

m%dfoaYSh iuDoa tallh

ksfhdacH wOHCI

^uQ,ia:dk l<uKdlre&

l,dm l<uKldlre

l,dm l<uKdlre

.%du fiajd ji ugu

^iuDoa n,ldh&
iykdOdr,dNS mjq,a

^l=vd lKavdh&

iuDoa jevigyk ls%hd;aul lrk wdh;k

iuDoa flduidia ckrd,a fomdrA;fka;=j
rch iska 1994 Tlaf;danrA udifha iuDoa flduidia ckrd,a fomdrA;fka;=j msysgqjk ,o w;r
tu fomdrA;fka;=j uska iuDoa jevigyk l%shd;aul lsu wdrN lrk ,'

<s iyk fomdrA;fka;=j

b;du <s ck;djg jk w;aje,la we;s lsf wruqK we;sj wdrCIK cd,hla f,ig iykdOdr
,ndf jevigykla ykajdfok ,' iuDoa jevigyk hgf;a iykdOdr ,eu i|yd f;dard .kakd
,o mjq,a j,g iykdOdr iemhSf lghq;= 1995 cQ,s ui isg <s iyk flduidia fomdrA;fka;=j
uska is lrkq ,eh' thg wu;rj" <s iyk wdydr uqoaor fnodu" fYaI wdydr uqoaor fnod
u yd h,s i,dl m;%sld fnodu hk lghq;= fuu fomdrA;fka;=j uska bgq lrkq ,ef'

YS% ,xld iuDoa wldh

;reKhska" ia;S%ka iy wjdis iy.; ;;a;ajhg m;aj we;s ck lKavdh wdrA:sl yd iudc ixjrAOk
lghq;=j,g tlalr .ekSu" Tjqkaf.a iudchSh ia:djrNdjh m%jrAOkh lsu iy .Snj ;=rka lsu hk
mrudrA: we;sj iuDoa jevigyk ie,iq lsu yd ls%hd;aul lsu i|yd 1995 wxl 30 orK YS%
,xld iuDoa wldrS mk; uska YS% ,xld iuDoa wldh msysgqjkq ,eh'
by; i|yka l, whqka iudcfha ;reKhska" ia;s%ka iy wjdis iy.; ;;a;ajhlg m;aj we;s
lKavdhj, wdrA:sl iy iudchSh ;;a;ajh je hqKq lsu i|yd"
Tjqkaf.a wdodh je hqKq lsu yd Tjqka w;r /lshd wjia:d iq,N lsu'
wdrA:sl yd iudc ixjrAOk lghq;=j,g Tjqka tlalr .ekSu'
mjq,a ugf wdrA:sl lghq;= yd m%cd ixjrAOk jHdmD;s iu ." m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY
ia;s%la yd m<d;a ugka inkaO lsu'
m%;s,dNSkaf.a wNsjDoah i|yd Tjqkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh we;sj ixjrAOk jHdmD;s yd fhdackd l%u
ie,iq lsu iy l<ukdlrKh lsu'
m%;s,dNSka w;r iyfhda.s;dj we;s lsu" Tjqka w;r b;s ls jvjd,Su yd Kh myiql
,nd.ekSug iydhu'
m%;s,dNSkag wod, jk rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj, fiajdjka Tjqka fj; ,ndug wjYH
myiql iemhsu

hk lghq;= ls%hd;aul lsu fuu mk; uska iuDoa wldh fj; mjrd we;'

iuDoa jevigyk W;=re yd kef.kysr fom<df;ka wmdr ia;s%lalh muKla we;=j ia;s%lal 18l
1996 jifrA isg ls%hd;aul h' 1997 jifrA iSudiys; jev fldgila l%shd;aul lsu i|yd uvl,mqj"
;%sl=Kdu,h iy jkshdjo we;=,;a lr .eKsk'
uqo,a m%;smdok
iuDoa jevigyk i|yd 1996 jrAIfha isg ,nd oS we;s uqo,a

m%;smdok ms<sn| ia;r j.= wxl 01

ys lafjk w;r tu m%;smdok O ldrAhhka i|yd fhdojd we;s wdldrh rEmigyka wxl 02 ys
laf'
uqo,a m%;smdok 1996 - 1998
j.= wxl 01
re' ,shk

ia;rh
m%odkhka ^iykdOdr&
m%cd jHdmD;s
mmd,k ^iuDoa kshdul jegqma&
Kh jevigyka
tl;=j

1996
7855
254
938
100
9147

1997
8081
700
959
650
10390

1998
8000.00
525.50
428.56
300.00
9254.06

1999
8000
492
824
150
9466

uQ,h( whjeh f,aLkh - uyd NdKavd.drh

iuDoa uqo,a m%;smdok O ldrAhhka i|yd fhdojd we;s wdldrh
1996 - 1998
rEmigyka wxl 02
1997

1996
254

938

100

650

959
700

8081

7855

mqodkhka ^iykdOdr&

m%cd jHdmD;s

mmd,k ^iuDoa kshdul jegqma&

Kh jevigyka

mqodkhka ^iykdOdr&

m%cd jHdmD;s

mmd,k ^iuDoa kshdul jegqma&

Kh jevigyka

1998
525.5

428.56

1999
150

300
492

824

8000
mqodkhka ^iykdOdr&

m%cd jHdmD;s

mmd,k ^iuDoa kshdul jegqma&

Kh jevigyka

8000

m%odkhka ^iykdOdr&

m%cd jHdmD;s

mmd,k

Kh jevigyka

1996 jirg idfmaCIj 1997 jifrA ishu jevigyka i|yd ,nd ;snQ m%;smdok 11'96] lska muK
by< f.dia we;s w;r 1997 jirg idfmaCIj 1998 jirg ,nd ;snQ m%;smdok m%udKfha 10'93 olajd
my< hdula olakg ;snqKs'

iuDoa flduidia ckrd,a fomdrA;fka;=j

iuDoa flduidia ckrd,a fomdrA;fka;=j uska iuDoa wdrCIK jevigyk" iuDoa ck;d jHdmD;s
jevigyk" iuDoa kshdulhska m;alsu" mjq,a ixjrAOk jevigyk" iuDoa wOHdmksl jevigyka
fuu fomdrA;fka;=j uska l%shd;aul flfrA'
2'1

ixOdk jHqyh Yla;su;a lsu

iuDoa ixjrAOk jevigyk .%dh ugka l%shd;aul lsu myiq lsu i|yd 1999 jrAIh ;=<
iuDoa kshdulhska '''''''''' fofkl=g ixjrAOk ks,Odka jYfhka ia:sr m;a ,ndug lghq;= fldg
we;'
iuDoa kshdul m;a 1996-1999

1'1 ixOdk jHqyh Yla;su;a lsu

iuDoa kshdul m;a 1996 - 1999

j.= wxl 02

ia;rh

fhdacs; ixLHdj

1' osia;sl
% al

1996

1997

1998

1999

25

18

21

21

301

200

272

272

3' .%du ks,Od ji

14818

12137

13560

13560

13703

4' kshdulhska ^m;a lsu&

33517

25921

31388

31388

1343

5' ixjrAOk ks,Odka

10000

7839

2' m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY

21

1'2 iudc wdrCIK jevigyk

wruqKq

<s mjq,a kg isk ;;ajfhka ;jrg;a my;g jeug n,mE yels yis wdmod fyda ho
w;HjYHjk

idudchSh wjia:djkays tajdfha nr wju lr .ekSu i|yd wdmiq wh fkdlrk

rCIK wdOdr uqo,la mjq,g iemhSu

<s mjq,aj, yeis rgdj hym;a w;g fjkia lsug Wmldrjk wdl,am jrAOkhg wjYH
jevigyka l%shd;aul lsu
6

iduQysl Yla;s jrAOkhg yd wdrA:sl Yla;s jrAOkhg Wmldr u uska udkj ys;jd iudc
wdrCIK cd,hla we;s lsu

iuDoa iudc wdrCIK jevigyk hgf;a remsh,a 1000$-" 500$- iy re' 250$- iykdOdr ,nk mjq,a
j,ska re' 25$- l udisl jdl uqo,la whlr .kq we;'
iudc wdrCIK lghq;= l%shd;aul lsu i|yd m%dfoaYSh lgqjla m%dfoaYSh f,al ldrAhd,fhao" osia;%sla
lgqjla osia;%sla f,al ldrAhd,fhao wrUd ldrAhd, fiajl myiql ,nd we;'

1'2'1 iudc wdrCIK myiql iemhSu

rCIK l%uhg odhl jk idudl mjq,aj, isjk my; i|yka wjia:d i|yd wdOdr imhkq ,ef'
mjqf,a idudlhl=f.a urKh
- re' 5000$- jirlg tla urKhlg muKs'
idudlhd frda.Su - osk 07 fyda Bg je k .Kkla frday,a .;uloS jirlg Wmu osk
30la i|yd osk tllg re' 50$- ne.ska Wmu re'1500$- ls'
mjqf,a isjk tla jdyhlg muKla
idudlhdg

re 3000$- ls'

hefmkakl=g ) re' 1000$- ls'

idudlhdf.a mjqf,a tla ore Wm;lg muKla
- re' 2000$- ^m<uq fyda fojk ore Wmf;ka tllg&
iudc wdrCIK

mjq, hkq iuDoa idudlhd ^.Dy uQ,sl&" Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a ld,;%hd iy Tyqf.a

wjdyl orejka we;=,;a l=gqnh f'

iudc wdrCIKh 1997 - 1999

jka f.
j.= wxl 03

jka jrA.h

1997 ixLHdj

1998 ixLHdj

jeh jQ uqo,

1999 ixLHdj

re''

Wm;a
jdy
f,v frda.
urK
tl;=j

22044
21353
6448
11543
61388

24801
29614
9691
16569
80675

49.71
58.59
22.31
81.55
212.16

jeh jQ uqo,
re''

8398

16.76

20712

21.21

10012

7.89

12925

63.29

52047

109.16

Wm;a
16%

urK
25%

f,vfrda.
19%

jdy
40%

1'2'2 iudc wdrCIK wruqo, hgf;a l%shd;aul flfrk fjk;a jevigyka

1'2'2'1 wOHdmksl jevigyka
iuDoa m%;s,dNS mjq,aj, orejkaf.a wOHdmksl lghq;= ixjrAOkh lsu i|yd;a m%;s,dNSkaf.a Kqu
jrAOkh lsu i|yd;a Wmld jk fia iuDoa Kek kqjK wOHdmk jevigyk l%shd;aul lr we;'
iuDoa keK kqjK YsIH;aj jevigyk - 1999
j.= wxl 04

YsIH;ajh

ia;%sla ixLHdj

YsIHFj,dNSka

jehjk uqo,

ixLHdj

re''

keK kqjk

18

478

1.43

;reK iri YsIH;aj

13

138

0.41

msfjka YsIH;aj

11

84

0.25

fYaI YsIH;aj

01

02

0.02

702

2.11

tl;=j
wdodh jrAOkhg yd iudc ;;a;aj ixjrAOkhg Wmldru

iuDoa m%;s,dNSkaf.a wdodh yd iudc ;;a;ajh jrAOkh lsu i|yd f;dard .kq ,enQ m%foaYhkays
iqiq kshdul jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsug mshjr f.k we;'
uyk ueIska fnodu
j.= wxl 05

jrAIh
1997
1998
1999
tl;=j

,ndfok ,o uyk
ueIska ixLHdj
4991
536
4990

Kh uqo,a
re' '
16.49
1.27
18.71

5527

17.76

Kh wdmiq whu
re' '
6'12
4'77
12'37
10'89

 udkj im;a ixjrAOk mqyqKq jevigyk

iuDoa l<uKdlrejka" iuDoa ixjrAOk ks,Odka" iuDoa kshduljreka iy iuDoa m%;s,dNSka
ixjrAOk lghq;=j,g fhdojd .ekSu '''' lsu Wfoid mjq,a ixjrAOk jevigyka" iuDoa n,ld
mqyqKqj" ia;%sla m%.;s iudf,dapk jevigyka iy iuDoa l<uKdlrejka iy je jYfhka iuDoa
ixjrAOk ks,Odka yd kshduljreka we;=j 1200 lf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka iEu wxYhlau wdjrKh
jkfia iuDoa fh!jk wNsudKS jevigyk ilia lr we;'
j.= wxl 06 u.ska laf
j.= wxl 06

jevigyk

iyNd.S jQ ixLHdj

hou re''

25

0'035

10750

0'167

01 ^jevigyka&

0'042

mjq,a ixjrAOk jevigyk

iuDoa n,ld mqyqKqj
ia;%sla m%.;s iudf,dapk /ia
fh!jk wNsudKS jevuqj

1200

len,s fr fnodu
j.= wxl 07

jrAIh
1998
1999

,ndfok ,o
ls' .%E' m%udKh
5201
9184

jkdlu
re'
650,125.00
918,400.00

frdao mqgq ,ndu

m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY ugka f;dard .kakd ,o wdnd; mqoa.,hska i|yd fkdf,a frdao mqgq
fnod we;'
j.= wxl 08

jrAIh

m%udKh

1998

133

1999

150

jkdlu
re'
1,130,500.00

iuDoa ck;d jHdmD;s

iuDoa jevigyk hgf;a lDIsldrAl lghq;= hqKq lsug Wmld jk l=vd je" iq jdudrA.
wdh m%;sixialrKh lsu yd lDIsldrAl <sx blsu hk lghq;= Y%u iQCIu l%u Wmfhda.S

lr.kska iuDoa n,ldhka ,jd bgq lsf jevigykla f,i fuu jHmD;sh iuDoa flduidia
ckrd,a fomdrA;fka;=j uska l%shd;aul lr we;'
jevigyfka m%Odk wruqK jkafka .udkj, f.d ck;djg lDIsldrAl lghq;= i|yd c, myiql
iemhSu yd tu myiql je hqKq lsug iyNd.Sjk iykdOdr,dNS Y%lhkag wdodhula Wmhd
.ekSug ie,eiau;ah' ta wkqj je Y%u odhl;ajhla f i|yd ,nd.ekSug lghq;= lrkq ,ef'
1999 jrAIh fjkqfjka fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul lsu i|yd re'' 100 l m%;smdok ,nd we;'
fuu re''100 by; jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsu i|yd ia;%slal 20 la i|yd fjkalr we;' ta wkqj
1999 jrAIh wjika jkg l=vd je 196" iq jdudrA. 365" lDIs <sx 13" fjk;a jHdmD;s 23 la
ksulr we;' 1999 jrAIh wjika jkg ks jHdmD;s m%.;sh 95'54] ls'

2'

<s iyk fomdrA;fka;=j

2'1 iuDoa iykdOdr jevigyk

<s iyk fomdrA;fka;=f fufyjr jkqfha wvq wdodh,dNS mjq,aj, wdodhu hemS ugul
mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd iykdOdr jevigyka l%shd;aul lsu iy wvq wdodh,dNS mjq,aj, iudc
;;a;ajh kxjd,Sug lghq;= lsuh'
fuu fufyjr hgf;a 1999 jrAIh ;=< l%shd;aul lrk ,o jevigyka my;ska ia;r we;'
01'

iuDoa iykdOdr jevigyk

iuDoa iykdOdr jevigyk hgf;a re'1000$- g wvq udisl wdodhula ,nk <s mjq,a iykdOdr
,eug ysl ,n;s' fuu mjq,a i|yd 1999 jrAIh ;=< ih wdldrhl iuDoa ukd m;%sld ksl=;a
lrkq ,enqKs' ta ms<sn| ia;r fufiah'
re'1000$- ukd m;%sldj
udisl wdodhu re'500$- g wvq iy tfiau mjqf,a idudl ixLHdj 4la fyda Bg je fkdhqKq mjq,a
i|yd re'1000$- ukd m;%sldjla ksl=;a lrkq ,enqKs' f hgf;a 1999 jrAIfha ksl=;a lrk ,o ukd
m;%sld m%udKh 12043 ls'
re'500$- ukd m;%sldj
udisl wdodhu re'500$- g je yd re'1000$- g wvq idudlhska ;=ka fokl= fyda Bg je ixLHdjla
iys; mjq,a i|yd re'500$- l ukdjla ys h' f hgf;a 1999 jrAIh ;=< iykdOdr ,enQ mjq,a
ixLHdj 899083 ls'
re'200$- ukd m;%sldj

10

udisl wdodhu re'1000$- g wvq idudlhska fofokl= iys; mjq,a i|yd re'200$- fha ukd m;%sld
ksl=;a lrkq ,enqKs' f hgf;a iykdOdr ,enQ ixLHdj 329588 ls'
re'100$- ukd m;%sldj
udisl wdodhu re'1000$- g wvq" ;ks mqoa., mjq,a tall i|yd re'100$- ukd m;%sldjla ksl=;a lrkq
,enqKs'' g wu;r rcfha ,shdmx iudc fiajd wdh;kj, fkajdislhkg iy mQcH mCIhg o re'
100$- ukd m;%sld ,nd fok ,'
f wkqj 1999 jrAIh ;=< ksl=;a lrk ,o re'100$- fha ukd m;%sld .Kk 219788 la h'
re'250$- ukd m;%sldj
ckih mjq,a w;r isk wvq wdodh,dNS mjq,aj,g;a" kef.kysr m<df;a yd jjqkshdj ia;%slalfha
miqj ykd.;a mjq,aj,g;a udislj re'250$- l ukdjla ,nd fok ,' 1999 jrAIh ;=< re'250$ukd ,nd.;a mjq,a ixLHdj 527009 la h'
re'125$- ukd m;%sldj
iudoa iykdOdr ,nka isg mjqf,a udisl wdodhu re'1000$- blaujk ;;a;ajh blaujQ tfy;a
;jrg;a iuDoa jevigyk hgf;a r|jd.;hq;= jQ mjq,a i|yd re'125$- l ukdj ksl=;a lrk ,'
1999 jrAIh ;=< re'125$- ukdj ,nd.;a mjq,a .Kk 142 ls'
fuu jevigyk hgf;a W;=re" kef.kysr l%shdka; fiajfha fh is whf.a mjq,a i|ydo Tjqkaf.a
wdodhu mjqf,a wdodhug .Kka fkdf.k iudoa iykdOdr ,ndug lghq;= fhdod we;'
iuDoa iykdOdr jevigyfkys m%Odk wruqK jkqfha wvq wdodh,dNS mjq,a j,g w;HdjYH wdydr
jH ,nd.ekSug wdOdrhla lsuhs' f wkqj iEu ukd m;%sldjlgu wdydr jH ,nd.ekSug uqoaorhla
we;' g wu;rj re'1000$- re'500$-" yd 250$- ukd m;%sldj, iuDoa iudc wdrCIK l%uhg odhl
uqo,a f.u i|yd ilia lrk ,o uqoaorhla o f' iuDoa iudc wdrCIK l%uh hgf;a fufia
odhljqkq mjq,a i|yd mjqf,a yis fyda fYaI wjia:djkays uqo,ska wdOdrhla imhkq ,ef'
f w;ru" re'1000$- yd

re'500$- iykdOdr m;%sldj, wksjdrAhh b;sls i|yd uqoaorhla o we;'

iuDoa,dNS mjq,a w;r b;s lsf mqreoaola we;s lsu fuys wruqKhs'
re'125$- fya ukd m;%sldf uqoaor folls' ka m<uqjeks uqoaorh re'100$- fha uqoaorhls' th
wksjdrAhh b;s ls hgf;a ;ekam;a lsuh' fojeks uqoaorh re'25$- fya uqoaorhls' th iuDoa
iudc wdrCIK l%uh hgf;a odhlu i|yd ilia lr we;'
kg jhsfka ia;%slal 21 l l%shd;aul jk fuu iykdOdr jevigyk 2000 jrAIfha hdmkh
ia;%slalfha o l%shd;aul lsug ;SrKh lr we;'
1999 jrAIh ;=< ia;sl
% al wkqj iuDoa iykdOdr fnod ye wdldrh ms<sn| ia;rd;aul jdrA;dj
g wuqKd we;' weuqKq wxl '''''''' laf' 1999 jrAIh ;=< fuu jevigyk hgf;a ho l< uqo,
remsh,a ,shk 8060 ls'
11

02'

fmdaIK ukd jevigyk

<s mjq,aj, <ore yd ud;D fmdaIK ;;a;ajh kxjd,Sf jevigykla jYfhka fmdaIK ukd
jevigyk l%shd;aul flfrA' wvq wdodh,dNS mjq,aj, w; orejka ,o ujrekaf.a fmdaIK ;;a;ajh
kdisgqjd

uls f yelshdj

jrAOkh lsu" orejdf.a fmdaIK ;;a;ajh kdisgqu fuu

jevigyfkys wruqKh' f i|yd ujlg ;u orejdg udi 12 imQrAK jk;=re fuu jevigyk
hgf;a re'100$- l udisl ukdjla ,ndfokq ,ef'
fuu jevigyk hgf;a 1999 foienrA w. jkg m%;s,dNSka 80718 la i|yd ukd m;%sld ksl=;a lr
we;s w;r" 1999 jrAIh ;=< ho lrk ,o uqo, re'' 71'5 ls' weuqKq wxl '''''' oelaf'

03'

h<s i,dl m;%sld ksl=;a lsu

w;HdjYH fiajd flduidia ckrd,a ldrAhd,h u.ska l%shd;aul flfrk wj;eka jQ mjq,a i|yd h<s
i,dl ,ndf jevigyk l%shd;aul lsug iykhla jYfhka h<s i,dl m;%sld uqKh lr
fnodyeu yd ixLHdf,aLK mj;ajdf.k hdu <s iyk fomdrA;fka;=j uska is flfrA' f i|yd
1999 jrAIh ;=<ska mjqf,a idudl ixLHdj wkqj" mia wdldrhl h<s i,dl m;%sld uqKh lr
fnodyk ,'

1999 foienrA 31 k jkg h<s i,dl iykdOdrh ,nka is mjq,a ixLHdj my; i|yka m
f' ksl=;a l< fmdaIK m;%sld ixLHdj weuqKq wxl ''''''''' ys laf'
j.= wxl 09

mjqf,a idudl ixLHdj

udisl iykdOdrh

h<s i,dl wdOdrh

re'

,o mjq,a ixLHdj

336

27063

616

21081

840

21350

1008

25815

5 fyda je

1260

59623

tl;=j

154932

h<s i,dl m;%sld ksl=;a lsu - 1999

ia;%slalh

ksl=;a l< fmdaIK m;%sld

.Kk

fld<U

1671

.my

1750

l;r

353

uykqjr

168
12

ud;f,a

179

kqjrt<sh

51

.d,a,

09

ud;r

65

ynkaf;dg

30

l=reKE.,

849

mq;a;,u

7359

wkqrdOmqrh

1341

fmdf<dkakrej

594

n,a,

24

fudKrd.,

r;akmqrh

12

lE.,a,

51

;%sl=Kdu,h

6319

uvl,mqj

5767

wmdr

167

hdmkh

87886

ls,sfkd

8889

uq,;s

13333

ukakdru

13141

jjqkshdj

4924

tl;=j

154932

iudc ixjrAOk jevigykla l%shd;aul lsu

1999 jrAIh ;=< iudc ixjrAOkh Wfoid my; i|yka jevigyka l%shd;aul lrkq ,enqKs'

1'

m%dfoaYSh WmfoaYk fiajdjla we;s lsu

2'

mQrAj <udh ixjrAOkh hgf;a foumshka" fmr mdi,a md,sldjka Kqj;a lsu

3'

wdrCIs; l=mams ,dmq Nd;h m%p,s; lsu

4'

m<sfndaO kdYl Nd;h ksid ish ydkslr .ekS wju lsu i|yd lghq;= lsu

m%dfoaYSh WmfoaYK fiajdjla wdrN lsu

1999 jrAIh ;=< ufkdaoHd maf,daud mdGud,dj yd WmfoaYkh ms<sn| Wiia iy;sl m;% mdGud,dj
imQrAK lrk ,o iudc fiajd ks,Odka wkqhqla;j isk m%dfoaYSh f,al ldrAhd, 23 ys WmfoaYk

13

fiajd uOHia:dk jD; lrkq ,enqKs' mqyqKqj ,;a iudc fiajd ks,Odka iska iEu isl=rdod klu
fuu uOHia:dkj, WmfoaYk fiajdj imhkq ,enqKs'

fuu jHdmD;sh ;jrg;a jHdma; lrkq msKsi ;j;a iudc fiajd ks,Odka 40 fokl= i|ydo ufkda
oHdj yd WmfoaYkh ms<sn| mdGud,djla fuu jrAIh ;=< ixOdkh lrkq ,enqKs'

mQrAj <udh ixjrAOkh ms<sn| jevigyk

jhsfka m%dfoaYSh f,al ldrAhd,j,g wkqhqla; ishu iudcfiajd ks,Odka yg lKavdh jYfhka
mQrAj <udh ixjrAOk ms<sn| kqj;a lsf mdGud,djla ilia lrkq ,enqKs' fuu mdGud,dj hgf;a
mqyqKqj ,o iudcfiajd ks,Odka uska" m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYj, fmr mdi,la mok lrf.k"
fmr mdie,a md,sldjka yd <udfha miqjk orejka isk ujreka kqj;a lsf jevigykla
l%shd;aul lrkakg fhKs'

fuu jevigykaj, fmr mdi,aj, fmdaIK jeviykla wdrN lsug lghq;= lrkq ,enqKs' wm
fj; fuu jevigyka l%shd;aul lsu i|yd remsh,a ,CI myl m%;smdok ,e ;snqKq w;r" iuDoa
wldh uskao lk m%cd ixjrAOk jevigykla l%shd;aul lsu i|yd tu wdh;khg ,enqKq
uqo,aj,ska re' ,CI oyhla fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul lsu i|yd ,ndfokakg fhKs' fuu m%;smdok
wkqj 1999 jrAIh ;=< mQrAj <udh ixjrAOkh hgf;a foumshka yd fmr mdie,a md,sldjka kqj;a
lsf jevigyka 285 la l%shd;aul h'

wdrCIs; l=mams ,dmq Nd;h m%p,s; lsu

wkdrCIs; l=mams ,dmq Nd;h fya;= fldgf.k .no f.j,aj, isjk wk;=re wju lsf woyi
fmroe lrf.k" Y%S ,xld ffjoH ix.uh iska ilia lr we;s wdrCIs; l=mams ,dmq Nd;h m%p,s;
lsf iudc ixjrAOk jHdmD;sh 1999 jrAIh ;=< o l%shd;aul flreKs'

f hgf;a .jdiSka kqj;a lsf jHdmD;sh ixOdkh lrk ,o w;r" mjq,a 10"000lg muK
wdrCIs; l=mams ,dmq wf, lrkq ,enqKs'

m,sfndaO kdYl Nd;h ksid isjk ish ydkslr .ekS wju lsf jHdmD;sh
m,sfndaO kdYl Nd;h ksid ish ydkslr .ekS nyq, jYfhka isjk fldGdY jYfhka m,sfndaO
kdYl fomdrA;fka;=j iska ykdf.k ;snQ fldGdYj, iudc fiajd ks,Odka yd Tjqkaf.a wCIKh
lghq;= ndr <s iyk iyldr flduidrsiajreka" m,sfndaO kdYl fomdrA;fka;=j uska ixOdkh
lrk ,o mqyqKq jevigyka folla i|yd iyNd.s lrjkq ,enqKs'

fuu mqyqKqj ,enQ ks,Odkaf.a iydh we;sj m,sfndaO kdYl Nd;h je,elau hgf;a foumshka
i|yd kqj;a lsf jevigykla imdokh lsug lghq;= fhug woyia lr we;'

14

3'

YS% ,xld iuDoa wldh

3'1 wksjdrAh b;s ls

iuDoa m%;s,dNSka b;slsug mqre lsu;a" tuska Tjqkaf.a iq Kh wjYH;d imqrd,Su;a hk wruqKq
bgqlr .ekSu i|yd fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul lr we;' f hgf;a <s ck;djg ,ndfok re'1000$yd re'500$- iykdOdr uqo,ska ms<sfj,ska re'200$- yd re'100$- ne.ska udislj wksjdrAhfhka wvqfldg
tu uqo, m%;s,dNshdf.a kka wdfhdack .sKqul ;ekam;a lrkq ,ef'
fuuska m%;s,dNSkaf.a wdfhack Yla;sh by< kexug lghq;= lrk w;ru" Tjqka ;=< nexl= mqre
jrAOkh lsulao isf'
udislj wksjdrAhh b;sls f,i re'200$-" re'100$- jYfhka 1996 jifrA isg 1999 jir olajd
wksjdrAhh b;sls hgf;a ;ekam;a lr we;s uqo,a m%udKh my; laf'
wksjdrAh b;sls wruqo,a 1996 - 1999
j.= wxl 10

ia;rh

1996

1997

1998

1999

mjq,a ixLHdj

925985

918036

897803

904257

iuq; b;s ls ^re' ,shk&

1517.54

2519.77

3764.15

5211.98

rEm igyka wxl 06

15

m%cd ixOdk jevigyk

Y%S ,xldf <slu msgqlSf cd;sl jevigykla f,i 1995 jifrA wer iuDoa jevigyfka lemS
fmfkk ,CIKhla jkqfha tys kdhl;ajh ;reK mrmqrg ,ndug lghq;= lr ;suhs' iuDoa
m%;s,dNS ;reK ;reKshkaf.a O oCI;d yd yelshdjka cd;sl ixjrAOk lghq;= i|yd fhdojd
.ekSug wjYH u fmkau yd uQ,H mq;smdok ,ndu ;=<ska iuDoa jevigyk l%shd;aul lr we;s
nj miq.sh miajirl ld,h ;=< iuDoa jevigykg miq is jQ ixjrAOk l%shdj,sh ;=<ska meye,s
f'
iuDoa n,ldh
jhi wjq' 18 - 35 ;a w;r ;reK ;reKshka talrdYS fldg iEu jiulu iuDoa n,ldhla msysgqjkq
,ef' 1999 jir jkg ,xldj ;=< iuDoa jevigyk l%shd;aul jk ish ia;%slalhkays msysgqjd
we;s iuDoa n,ldhka ixLHdj 11558 ls' tajdfha idudl ixLHdj 665845 ls'
m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyk hgf;a

.ug wjYH h;, myiql iemhSf iuDoa n,ldhka bgqlr

we;s ldrAh Ndrh w;suy;ah'

l=vd lKavdh l%shdj,sh
iuDoa jevigyk ;=< f.dv kexjqKq mam;=ka n,uq .ekaf yd Tjqka ;=< iajYla;sh jrAOkh
lsf hka;%Khla f,i l=vd lKavdh l%uh ye|skah yelsh' re'1000$- yd re'500$- iykdOdr,dNSyq
m<uq jgfha idudl;ajh ,enQy' fuys idudl;ajh ,enQjka tla lKavdhulg mia fokd ne.ska tla
;sKs' l=vd lKavdh l%shdldrlj, m%.;sh wxY lsysmhlska lah yel'

iafPd b;sls
ta ta m%;s,dNS mjqf,a yelshdj wkqj

i;sm;d re'20$-" re'10$- fyda re'5$- jYfhka lKavdh uqo,la

tl;= lr.kska 1996 jifrA isg b;slsf mqreoao hqKq lr.;a m%;s,dNSyq 1999 jir jkg
iafPd b;sls jYfhka re'' 401 lg je uqo,la tl;= lr .ekSug iu;a we;'
fuu m%;s,dNSkaf.a iafPd b;sls yd m%.;sh my; laf'
j.= wxl 11

ia;rh
l=vd lKavdh .Kk
iuq; b;s ls ^re' ,shk&

1997
11565
271.34

1998
183915
407.21

1999
227796
401.43

tmuKla fkdj i;s /iaj, Tjqkg wjYH lrk mdfNda.sl NdKav yqjudre lr .ekSfuka Tjqkaf.a
tfkod wjYH;d imqrd .ekSugo iu;aj is;s'

16

O l%shdldrl
iduQyslj /iaj i;sm;d idlPdjg yqreu ksid Tjqka wdrA:sl yd iudh jYfhkao hqKqj i,idf.k
we;' yqol,dj ;u mjqf,a ldj f.k .sh ldka;dj l=vd lKavdh l%uh ksid ixOdk moaO;sh ;=<
kdhl;ajh f.k l%shdlsug iu;a ;su iqfYaI lreKls' tuska"
tlsfkld w;r Kqu" l=i,;d yd wdl,am jrAOkh u
fm!reI jrAOkh" iduQyslj lghq;= lsfuka ixjrAOkh wjYH kh f.dv kxjd .ekSu
ie,iq iy.;j lghq;= lsf yelshdj
wjYH kh f.dvkxjd .ekSu iy ie,iq iy.;j lghq;= lsf yelshdj l=vd lKavdh
idudlhskag ,e ;sf'
iuDoa i;s
fuf,i f.dvke.=Kq l=vd lKavdh l%shdj,sh iuDoa nexl= ix. jevigyk hgf;a cd;sl ugug
msi ;sf' l=vd lKavdh ;jrg;a hqKq ugug f.k taug iuDoa i;s yd uyd ix. msysgqjd
we;'
1999 jir jkg msysgqjd we;s iuDoa i;s ixLHdj 28731 ls' tys idudl ixLHdj 1299172 ls'
l=vd lKavdh idudlhska Kh .ekSf iuDoa i;s yd uyd ix. yryd lghq;= l<hq;= f'
l,dmhkays msysgqjd we;s iuDoa nexl= ix. ;=< iafPd b;sls ta ta m%;s,dNshdf.a kka .sKqul
;ekam;a lr we;' fuuska fmkS hkafka l=vd lKavdh l%shdj,sh ;=<ska <slu wju lsf uQ,sl
w;d,u ilia lr we;s njhs'

3'3 m%cd jHdmD;s ixjrAOk jevigyk

ye|skau
m%cd jHdmD;s ixjrAOk jevigyfkys m%Odk wruqKq jkqfha m%cd wjYH;d ykdf.k ixjrAOkhg wod,
wdrA:sl h;, myiql iemhSuhs' ta wkqj ksIamdok m%jdyhg yd wdrA:slh jehqKq lsug wod,
jkakdjQ .%dh ugf je wuqKq" ud._ bls" fndalal= yd mfm<j,a bls" .%dh i;sfmd<
ksIamdok wf, uOHia:dk" tl;= lsf uOHia:dk" iuDoa nexl= ix. jeks fmd wjYH;d imqrd,k
jHdmD;Ska 1999 jrAIh ;=< .%dh m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyk" j;= jHdmD;s jevigyk yd lk .%dh
ixjrAOk jHdmD;s hgf;a l%shd;aul lrk ,'
1995 isg 1999 jrAIh olajd is wjqre ld,h ;=, .%dh m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyk hgf;a h,s
l,dmSh je ixjrAOkh lsrSf Y%u iQCIu jevigyk" .%dh iq jdrsudrA. mqkre;a:dmk jevigyk
yd kshuq jHdmD;shla jYfhka f;dard.;a l,dm 218 l l%shd;aul l,dm ixjrAOk jevigyk" iuDoa
nexl= yd l,dm ldrAhd, boslsrS" jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj jeks jevigyka uska .%dh m%cdjf.a wjYH;d
17

imqrd,Sug lghq;= lr ;sf' ta wkqj 1999 jrAIh wjika jkg m%cd jHdmD;s 45407 la ksulr we;s
w;r ta i|yd re',shk 1623'07 jeh lr ;sf' f ms<sn| ia;r j.= wxl 12 ys olajd we;' 1999
jrAIfha wf.daia;= 15 k wdrN lrk ,o iuDoa lk jHdmD;s 8094 la ksu lr we;s w;r" ta
i|yd re'msh,a ,shk 249'451 la wdfhdackh lr we;'
m%cd jHdmD;s f;dard .ekSf m%;s,dNSka yd iuDoa n,ldh idlPd fldg m%foaYhg jvd;au M,odhS
jHdmD;sh f;dard .efka' fuu jHdmD;Ska 10] - 25] w;r m%cd odhl;ajh hgf;a isflfrA' jHdmD;s
bu m%dfhda.slj i,ld n,k g .%dhj l%shd;aul jk m%cd jHdmD;Ska i|yd m%cd odhl;ajh 25]
jvd by< ugula mj;sk wjia:d olakg ,efnk w;r kd.l m%foaYj, l%shd;auljk jHdmD;sj,
Y%u odhl;ajh wvq ugul mj;S' m%cd jHdmD;sj, ;j;a fYaI;ajhla jkafka m%cd wjYH;djh u;
bfjk jHdmD;Ska m%cdj iskau kv;a;= lsug lghq;= fhdod ;suhs'
1999 wf.daia;= 15 k isg wdrN l< \rkafl;g hjr\ .%dh ixjrAOk lk jevigyk
fYaIfhkau miq.sh jir lSmh ;=<

jHdmD;s l%shd;aul fkdjQ .%du ks,Od ji i|yd jHdmD;s fn

hkfia l%shd;aul lr we;' ta wkqj 1995 isg 1999 olajd by; jevigyka i|yd uqo,a wdfhdack
my; laf'

m%cd jHdmD;s wdfhdackh 1995 -1999

j.= wxl

jrAIh

osia;%sla f,al

m%d' f,a' fldGdY

wdfhdack

ks jHdmD;s

fldGdY

ixLHdj

^re',shk&

ixLHdj

12

1995

18

235

114.06

11306

1996

18

235

210.52

11640

1997

18

235

562.54

11288

1998

21

283

373.50

6061

1999

21

283

362.45

5112

tl;=j

96

1271

1623.07

45407

.%dh m%cd jHdmD;s

.%dh m%cd jHdmD;s ixjrAOk jevigyfkys wruqKq jkqfha .%dh m%cdjf.a wjYH;d ykdf.k
ixjrAOkhg wod, wdrA:sl h;, myiql iemhSuhs' ta wkqj 1999 jrAIfha re'' 351'21 l m%;smdok
.%dh m%cd jHdmD;s i|yd ,nd we;' wod, ia;r j.= wxl 13 u.ska laf'

18

.%dh m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyk - 1999

^uQ,H yd fN!;sl m%.;sh&
j.= wxl 13

ia;%slal ixLHdj

uQ,H m%.;sh
weia;fka;=.;
uqo,

re''

fy!;sl m%.;sh

ksoyia l<

ksoyia l<

wkqu;

ks jHdmD;s

ksul<

uqo, re'

uqof,a m%;sY;h

jHdmD;s

ixLHdj

jHdmD;sj,

ixLHdj

21

343'69

351'212

102

m%;sY;h

5112

4896

96]

151
1368
2224

199
257
528

udrA.
lrAudka; yd fj<|
fjk;a

385

jdudrA.
f.dvkes,s bls

c, imdok
fmd myiql

.%dh m%cd jHdmD;s ixjrAOk jevigyk hgf;a 1999 jrAIh ;=< udrA. 2224 lao" jdudrA.
jHdmD;Ska 385 lao" c, imdok jHdmD;Ska 528 lao" lrAudka; yd fj<| jHdmD;s 257 lao"
f.dvkes,s bls 199 lao" fmd myiql jHdmD;s 1368 lao" fjk;a jHdmD;s 151 lao blr we;'
fuu jHdmD;sj,ska m%;s,dN ,nk mjq,a ixLHdj 3256303 ls' wod, ia;r weuqKq wxl 01 ys laf'
ta wkqj 1999 jrAIh ;=< ksulr we;s uq jHdmD;s ixLHdj miq.sh jir j,g idfmaCIj ixLHd;aulj
wvqula fmkakq l<o nexl= ix." wf, f.dvkes,s" l,dm ldrAhd, jeks Yd, mudKfha jHdmD;s
bls fuhg fya;= we;' wod, ia;r j.= wxl 14 ys laf'
j.= wxl 14

m%cd jHdmD;s 1995-1998

jHdmD;s jrA.h

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

ks
jHdmD;s
.Kk

ks
jHdmD;s
.Kk

ks
jHdmD;s
.Kk

ks
jHdmD;s
.Kk

ks
jHdmD;s
.Kk

tl;=j

1' jdrsudrA." we,f,s" wuqKq

1402

1048

1600

783

385

5218

2' fmd <sx" lDIs <sx" l=vd m%udKfha

3232

3488

1670

1151

528

10069

4794

6065

4907

2902

2224

20892

844

863

563

1017

1824

5211

1034

176

2548

208

151

4117

11306

11640

11288

6061

5112

45507

.=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u

3' lDIs ksIamdokhg wod, m%jdyk
udrA." md," fndalal=" mfm<j,a
4' ksIamdok wf, uOHia:dk" tl;=
lsrSf uOHia:dk f.dvkes,s" fmd
myiql
5' fjk;a
tl;=j

19

151

385

528

1824

2224
jdudrA." we,f,s" wuqKq
fmd <sx" lDIs <sx" l=vd m%udKfha .=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u
lDIs ksIamdokhg wod, m%jdyk udrA." md," fndalal=" mfm<j,a
ksIamdok wf, uOHia:dk" tl;= lsf uOHia:dk f.dvkes,s" fmd myiql
fjk;a

by; .%dh m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsu ;=<ska osjhsfka wNdjhg hka meje;s iq jdrsudrA. je
wuqKq m%cd iyNd.s;ajh hgf;a kej; ia:dms; lsrSug yelshdj ,enqKdfiau fmd lDIs <sx" mdkSh <sx yd
l=vd mrsudKfha .=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u uska kshx ld,hkaysoS Y+Ial m%foaYj,g we;sjk c, ysh
uyrjd .ekSugo yelsh' iudchSh jYfhka tjeks myiql ,ndoSu fukau wdrA:sluh jYfhka
ksIamdok m%jrAOkhg wod, jkakdjQ .%dh ugf udrA. boslsrS" fndalal= yd mfm<j,a boslsrSu
;=<ska fmdck wjYH;djhka iemsrSu Wfoid uy= odhl;ajhla ,ndoS we;' .%dh i;sfmd<j,a"
ksIamdok wf, uOHia:dk yd tl;= lsrSf uOHia:dk jeks .%dh ugug wod, jk w;HdjYH
h;, myiql ykdf.k tajd M,odhs f,i boslroSug lghq;= lr we;s w;r tuska .%dh
ck;djf.a wdrA:sl yd iudc ;;a;ajh by< kexu i|yd w.h l<hq;= odhl;ajhlao ,ndoS we;'

iuDoa lk ixjrAOk jevigyk

iuDoa m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyk l%shd;aul lsf olakg ,enqKq idrA:l;ajh ie,ls,a,g f.k 1999
jrAIfha cd;sl whjeh f,aLKfhka ,ndfok ,o m%;smdok j,g w;sfrAlj \rkafl;g hjr\ lk
.%dh ixjrAOk jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsu i|yd re'' 251'96 l m%;smdok ,nd we;' ta wkqj l,dm
1000 la f;dard f.k fYaIfhka m%cd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul fkdjQ ji i|yd jHdmD;s fn hkfia fuu
jevigyk l%shd;aul lr we;'
lk ixjrAOk jevigyk 1999
^uQ,H yd fN!;sl m%.;sh&
j.= wxl 15

ia;%slal ixLHdj

21

uQ,H m%.;sh

fy!;sl m%.;sh

weia;fka;=
uqo, re''

uqo,a ksoyia
lsu re'

m%;sY;h

m%Odk
jHdmD;s

ls%Svd
ms

fjk;a

uq jHdmD;s
.Kk

ks
jHdmD;s

251.96

249.451

99

1068

1101

6603

8836

8094

fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul lsu i|yd tla l,dmhlg re' 2"85"000 la fjkalr we;s w;r"
W;=re$kefkysr m<d;aj, iuDoa l,dmhla i|yd tla l,dmhlg re' 1"00"000$- ne.ska fjka lrkq
,eK' niakdysr m<d;a iuDoa l,dm i|yd tla l,dmhlg re' 1"50"000$- ne.ska m%;smdok fjka

20

lr

we;' l,dmhlg tla m%Odk jHdmD;shla" l%Svd ms 05la yd wfkl=;a l=vd ugf m%cd jHdmD;Ska

f hgf;a l%shd;aul lrk ,'

lk .%dh ixjrAOk jevigyk hgf;a m%Odk jHdmD;Ska f,i jd jHdmD;Ska 357 la" mdkSh c,
jHdmD;Ska 355 la yd wfkl=;a h;, myiql jHdmD;s 576 la ksulr we;' tfukau l%Svd ms
ixjrAOkh hgf;a jHdmD;s 1101 la ksulr we;s w;r wfkl=;a jHdmD;s hgf;a jdudrA." we,f,s"
wuqKq" lDIs <sx" fmd <sx" l=vd mudKfha .=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u iy lDIs ksIamdokhg wod,
m%jdyk" udrA." md," fndalal=" m fm<j,a 5805 la ksulr we;' ia;r j.= wxl 16 ys laf'
lk ixjrAOk jHdmD;s jrA.SlrKh 1999
j.= wxl 16

jHdmD;s jrA.h

ks jHdmD;s .Kk

1' m%Odk jHdmD;s

jd

357

c,

355

fjk;a

576

2' l%Svd ms ixjrAOk

1001

3' wfkl=;a

5805

^jdudrA." we, f,s wuqKq" fmd <sx" lDIs <sx"

l=vd mudKfha .=re;aj c, fhdackd l%u&

8096

tl;=j

5805

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000

1288

1001

wf k l =; a

l %Sv d ms
ixjr AO k

m%O d k
j H d mD ; s
^ j d " c, "
f jk ; a&

1000

j;= l,dm ixjrAOk jevigyk

uykqjr" ud;f,a" kqjrt<sh" n,a," fudKrd.," r;akmqrh hk osia;%slalj, je,s fCIa;%fha
ksIamdokh yd ldrAhCIu;djh by< kexu i|yd j;=j, mosx os<s ck;djg w;HdjYH jk h;,
myiql ,ndoSu wruqKq fldgf.k fuu jevigyk wrUd we;' 1999 jrAIh ;=< j;=
l,dm
ixjrAOk jevigyk i|yd re'' 11'24 l m%;smdok ,nd we;' m %;smdok fjka lr we;s wdldrh
j.= wxl 17 ys laf'
j.= wxl 17

ia;%slal ixLHdj

uQ,H m%.;sh
fjka l<

ksl=;a l<

uqo, re'

uqo, re'

fN!;sl m%.;sh
m%;sY;h

21

wkqu;

weia;fka;=

jHdmD;s

w;aika l<

ks jHdmD;s

m%;sY;h

06

11.24

11.24

100

224

223

224

100

j;= l,dm ixjrAOk jevigyk hgf;a f;dard .;a ia;%slal 06 la ;=< jHdmD;s 224 la ksulr we;s
w;r ta i|yd re'' 11'18 la jehlr we;' ia;r j.= wxl 18 ys laf'
osia;%slalh

n,a,
lE.,a,
r;akmqr
uykqjr
ud;f,a
kqjrt<sh
tl;=j

fjkal< uqo,
re'

ksul<
jHdmD;s
.Kk

1.46
2.29
2.91
2.08
1.46
1.04
11.24

45
39
55
48
20
17
224

iuDoa wldfhka
f.jd we;s uqo,
re'

1.460
2.290
2.910
2.080
1.406
1.040
11.18

m%;s,dN ,nk
mjq,a ixLHdj

5173
1799
6790
8605
2225
13965
38557

j;= jHdmD;s jevigyk hgf;a udrA. 93 lao" jd jHdmD;s 21 lao" c, imdok jHdmD;s 61 lao" f;a
o tl;= lsf uOHia:dk 02 lao" fjk;a f.dvkes,s jrA. 43 lao" fmd myiql jHdmD;s 02 la"
fjk;a jHdmD;Ska 02 lao ksulr we;' fuuska m%;s,dN ,nk mjq,a ixLHdj 38557 ls'

3'3'4

jD;a;Sh mqyqKq jevigyk

iuDoa m%;s,dNS mjq,aj, /lshd rys; ;reK ;reKshkag M,odhS /lshd ,nd.ekSu i|yd wjYH jk
jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj ,ndu iy tjeks jD;a;Sh mqyqKq ,nd.;a wh i|yd ijK yd iiK Kh
jevigyka hgf;a Kh ,nd iajhx /lshd wdrN lsug lghq;= lsu wruqKq fldgf.k ia;%slal
18 l jD;a;Sh mqyqKq jevigyka l%shd;aul lr we;' cd;sl wdOqksl;aj yd ldrAl mqyqKq lsf
wldh iu taldnoaOj fuu jevigyka l%shd;aul flfrA' 1999 jrAIh ;=< fufia jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj
i|yd fhduql< ixLHdj 1385 la jQ w;r" jrAIh wjika jk g mqyqKqj wjika lr we;s ixLHdj
893 ls' 542 l= kg mqyqKqj ,nka is;s' mqyqKqj wjidkfha /lshd ,nd we;s ixLHdj 843 ls'
ia;r weuqKq wxl '''''''''' olajd we;'

3'3'5

iq lrAudka; ixjrAOk jevigyk

iq lrAudka;hkays kshe,s iuDoa m%;s,dNS mjq,a ixOdk.; lr Tjqkaf.a lrAudka; jvd;a M,odhsj
mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wjYH ;dCIK iydh" fj<|fmd, iydh" m%d.aOk iydh ,ndoS tuska
Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, wdodh ugu je oshqKq lsug fuu jevigyk hgf;a lghq;= lr we;'
fuu jevigyk hgf;a l=vd lrAudka;lrejka 1819 fofkl= i|yd re'' 3'221 l Kh uqo,la ,nd
we;' wod, ia;r weuqKq wxl ''''''''''''''''' olajd we;'

iuDoa Kh fhdackd l%u

iuDoa iykdOdr,dNSkaf.a wdodh W;amdok lghq;= iy Tjqkaf.a wfkl=;a Kh wjYH;d iemsu
i|yd h;afldg we;s Kh jevigyka hgf;a 1999 jrAIh wjidk jkg iuDoa lk Kh kshdul

22

jevigyk" iuDoa ixjrAOk Kh jevigyk" iuDoa jHjidhl;aj Kh jevigyk yd iuDoa

l,an Kh jevigyk l%shd;aul h'
lk Kh kshdul jevigyk 1996 jrAIfha isg l%shd;aul jk w;r tuska mdfNda.sl$wdmod iy
ixjrAOk Kh jYfhka iykdOdr,dNSkag Kh ,ndu isflfrA' 1999 jrAIh wjidk jkg mdfNda.sl
iy wdmod Kh 29013 la ,nd we;' tys jkdlu re',shk 14'12 ls' ixjrAOk Kh 99503 la ,nd
we;s w;r jkdlu re' ,shk 94'61 ls' ta wkqj uq Kh ,nd j,ska 23] la mdfNda.sl yd
wdmod Kho" 77] la ixjrAOk Kho f' uq Kh uqo, ie,ls,a,g .;ag bka mdfNda.sl Kh f,i
13] lao" b;s 87] l m%udKh ixjrAOk Kh f,io fmfka' fuu Kh jevigyfka idudkH w;sla;h
re'1990337'61 ls' fuh nexl=fjka ,nd.;a uqo,g jvd 124] l m%.;shla ,nd we;' jevigyk
l%shd;aul fldGdY 26 ka 24 la tk 92] la i;=gqodhl wkaoka Kh ueu islr ;sf' f jkg
iuDoa nexl= ix. l%shd;aul Kh ksl=;a ls wrUd we;s fyhska" iykdOdr,dNSka ;u Kh
wjYH;d i|yd tu nexl= ix. lrd fhduqu;a iu tu m%foaYj, lk Kh kshdul
jevigyfkys wjYH;djh ySk fjka mj;S'
iuDoa m%;s,dNSkaf.a mjq,aj, wdodh ;;a;ajh by< kxjd,Sug wjYH wdfhdack lghq;= i|yd Kh
,ndug iuDoa ixjrAOk Kh jevigyk l%shd;aul lrwe;' ta i|yd fjka jQ uqo, re' ,shk 500
la f' 1996 jrAIfha isg l%shd;aul jk fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ,ndfok Wmu Kh uqo,
re'10"000la jk w;r wju uqo, re' 2500 ls' jdrAIsl fmd,S m%;sY;h 10] ls' m<uqjk whfrA Kh
idrA:lj f.jkq ,nk m%;s,dNSkag 1998 jrAIfha isg iiK fojk whr l%shd;aul lr we;' ta i|yd
fjkalrk ,o uqo, re' ,shk 86'96 ls' 1999 jrAIh i|yd fuu Kh jevigyk i|yd re''
'''''''''''''''''' l uqo,la fjkalrk ,'
1999 jrAIh wjika jkg iiK Kh 80152 la ,nd we;' tajdfha uq jkdlu re' ,shk 491'82
ls' Kh ksl=;a lsf m%;sY;h '''''''''] la jk w;r whf m%;sY;h 72'38] ls'
1998 jifrA whjeh fhdackd uska ls%hd;aul lrk ,o" iuDoa jHjidhl;aj Kh jevigyfka
fYaI;ajh jkafka M,odhS wdfhdackj, fhfok Khlrejka ykd.ekSu yd Tjqkag jHjidhl
ixjrAOk mqyqKqjla ,ndfuka miq Kh uqo,a ,nduhs' f hgf;a ,ndfok wju uqo, re' 10"000la
jk w;r" Wmu Kh uqo, re'50"000 ls' 1999 jrAIh wjika jkg Kh 9238 la f hgf;a ,nd
we;s w;r" tajdfha jkdlu re' ,shk 238'28ls' wh we;s uqo, re' ,shk 78'30 ls' whf
m%;sY;h 75] ls'
l,an myiql jevigyk 1998 jrAIfha isg l%shd;aul jk w;r" b,lal lKavdhu jQfha iuDoa
kshdulhskah' iuDoa kshdulhska 5000 la w;r Kh ,ndu bka wruqKq flKs' ;ks mqoa., wju
Kh uqo, re'75"000 yd Wmu Kh uqo, re' 150"000 la f' taldnoaO Wmu Kh uqo, re' 300"000
ls' jdrAIsl fmd,S wkqmd;h 10]ls' W;=re" kef.kysr yer jhsfka wfkla ia;%slal 10 la ;=< fuu
jevigyk l%shd;aul lr we;s w;r l,an jevigyk hgf;a O hka;% 655 la ,nd we;' tajdfha
jkdlu re' ,shk 156'54 ls' f jkg wh we;s uqo, remsh,a ,shk 11'80 jk w;r whf
m%;sY;h 54] ls' msgys uqof,a jkdlu remsh,a ,shk 144'78 ls'

23

lk Kh kshdul jevigyk

mam;=kag we;sjk yis Kh wjYH;d iemsu i|yd \Kh kshdulhska\ m;afldg Tjqka,jd mam;=kag
Kh ,ndf jevms<sfj,la kshuq mokula u; 1996 cQks udifha h;a lrk ,' fuu jevigyk
m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY 40 l lk Kh kshdulhska 400 la uska ls%hd;aul lrkq ,eh' ,xld
nexl=j yd uyck nexl=j tlaj fuu Kh l%uh l%shd;aul lrk ,o w;r fuu jevigyk i|yd fjka
lr we;s uqo, re' ,shk 3'3 ls' fuu Kh l%ufha fmd,S m%;sY;h uilg 5] jk w;r" bka 2] la
nexl=jgo" ;j;a 2]la kshdulgo" b;s 1] yis wdmod wruqo,go jYfhka whlr.kq ,ef' fuu
jevigyk hgf;a ,xld nexl=fjka yd uyck nexl=fjka uqo,a ,ndf.k we;s whqre my; laf'
nexl=fjka ,nd.;a uqo,a
j.= wxl 19

nexl=j

1996

1997

1998

1999

,xld nexl=j

1712477.86

1138937.34

1274013.91

801046.96

uyck nexl=j

1641151.52

1340797.43

1062622.36

809535.27

3353629.38

2479734.77

2336636.27

1610582.23

fuuska ,nd we;s Kh m%udKhka yd uqo,a my; j.=f lafjk w;r Kh ixhq;sh my; rEm
igyfka laf'
lk Kh jevigyk hgf;a Kh ,ndu
j.= wxl 20

Kh jrA.h
ixLHdj

1996
,ndoS we;s
uq uqo,
re''

ixLHdj

1997
,ndoS we;s
uq uqo,
re''

ixLHdj

1998
,ndoS we;s
uq uqo,
re''

ixLHdj

1999
,ndoS we;s
uq uqo,
re''

6024

2.92

16639

7.60

23565

11.21

29013

14.13

ixjrAOk

16498

15.26

42938

39.46

71352

67.20

99503

94.61

tl;=j

22522

18.18

59577

47.06

94917

78.41

128516

108.74

mdrsfNda.sl - wdmod

fuu jevigyk hgf;a 1999 jrAIfha ,nd ;snQ uq Kh m%udKh re' ,shk 108'74 ls' ka 87]
ixjrAOk Kh jQ w;r b;s 13] mdfNda.sl yd wdmod Kh h' fuu ;;a;ajh rEm igyka wxl
07 ka meye,sj olajd we;'

24

rEm igyka wxl 07

lk Kh jevigyk hgf;a ta ta jrAIj, Kh ,nd we;s whqre

1996
1997
mdfNda.sl
$wdmod
16%

mdfNda.sl
$wdmod

16%

ixjrAOk
84%

ixjrAOk

84%

1999
mdfNda.sl
$wdmod
13%

1998
mdfNda.sl$
wdmod
14%

ixjrAOk
87%

ixjrAOk
86%

fuf;la ksl=;alr we;s Kh j,ska fmd,sh yer whug we;s uqo, re' ,shk 3'56 la jk w;r" Kh
kshdulhska w;/|s uqo, re' 45163'61 ls' uq meyer yej, tl;=j re'58950 ls' fuh whlr
.ekSug we;s uqo,ska 1'66] ls' ;;a;ajh fufia jqj;a fuu jevigyk uska re' ,shk 1'99 l
w;sla;hla ckkh lr we;'

tk fuh nexl=fjka ,nd.;a uqo,g jvd 124] l w;sla;hla f'

fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul fldGdY 26 ka 24 lu tk 92] l Kh jevigyk i;=gqodhlj

l%shd;aul lr we;' fuu Kh jevigyfka m%.;sh jdrAIslj j.= wxl 21 ys laf'
lk Kh kshdul jevigyfka m%.;sh ^1996 - 1999&
j.= wxl 21

1996
1.

ksl=;a l< Khj,ska whlr .ekSug

1997

1998

1999

3372407.00

2999293.60

3539964.25

3555719.23

160458.94

94912.08

99713.19

45163.61

136256.00

60743.50

68720.00

29300.00

43972.00

12549.00

22950.00

29650.00

we;s uqo, ^fmd<sh yer&

2.

Kh kshdulhska w;/|s uqo,

3.

whlr

.ekSug

jkdlu
udi 03 g wvq

m%udo

jQ

uqo,aj,

udi 03 g je
25

tl;=j

180228.00

73292.50

91670.00

58950.00

179236.00

614471.00

1303041.17

1990337.61

jevigyk l%shd;aul u ^fldGdY&

21/40

30/33

28/31

24/26

m%.;sh ^nexl=fjka .;a uqo,g jvd &

05.3%

24.8%

52%

124%

53%

90.9%

90.32%

92%

4.

'''''' ,o idudkH w;sla;h

Kh jevigyk l%shd;aul f m%.;sh

iuDoa ixjrAOk Kh jevigyk ^iiK&

iuDoa iykdOdr,dNSkaf.a mjq,aj, wdodh ugu by< kexu ;=<ska Tjqkaf.a cSjk ;;a;ajh je
hqKq lsu i|yd fuu Kh jevigyk l%shd;aul fldg we;' fuu jevigyk ,xld nexl=j" uyck
nexl=j iu tlaj W;=re" kefkysr m<d;a yer jhsfka wfkl=;a ishu m<d;aj,g wh;a m%dfoaYsh
f,al fldGdYj, l%shd;aul lrkq ,ef' thg wu;rj wmdr ia;%slalfha foysw;a;lKah"
mh;,dj" uyTh" wmdr" Wyk" ouk iy ,dyq., hk m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY ;=<o l%shd;aul
f'
fuu Kh l%uh iuDoa n,ldh 12141 la ;=< l%shd;aul f' tla n,ld m%foaYhl Kh ,ndu i|yd
re' 41500$- la fjka lr we;' ,xld nexl=jg re' o',CI 250la iy uyck nexl=jg re' o,CI 250
la jYfhka re'' 500 la fuujevigyk i|yd fjka lr we;' tla Kh uqo,l Wmu iSudj
re'10000$- jk w;r" wjuh re' 2500$- ls' Kh uqo, i|yd fmd,S wkqmd;h jirlg 10]ls' iq/l=
fkdue;sj Kh ,ndfokq ,nk w;r" iEu Khlgu iuDoa iykdOdr,dNshl= yjq,a Kh lrejl= f,i
fhdod .ekSu iq/l=ula fia i,lkq ,ef' 1997 jrAIh wjidk jkg ;snQ Kh whf m%;sY;h
mok lr iiK fojk whr l%shd;aul lrk ,' Kh whf m%;sY;h 50] blaujQ ishu
m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYj,g fojk whr hgf;ao Kh ,nd fok ,' fojk whr hgf;a Kh
,ndu i|yd uqo,a fjkalr we;af;a n,ldh wkqj fkdj m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY mok lrf.kh'
fojk whfrA Kh ,ndu i|yd ,xld nexl=jg re' ,shk 52'11 la o uyck nexl=jg re' ,shk
34'85 lao ,nd we;'
iiK jevigyk hgf;a 1999 jrAIh wjidk jk g ,xld nexl=j yd uyck nexl=j taldnoaOj
ksl=;a l< Kh ixLHdj 80152 la jk w;r" tajdfha jkdlu re' ,shk 491'82 ls' fuu jrAIfha
Kh ,ndf m%;sY;h ''''''''''''''''''''] la jk w;r" whf m%;sY;h 72'38] ls' ta ms<sn| ia;r j.=
wxl '''''''' ys laf' 1999 jrAIh wjidk jkg fuu jevigyfka m%.;sh ia;%sla jYfhka weuqKq
wxl '''''''''' ys laf'
j.= wxl 22

jrAIh

fjkalrk ,o
uq Kh
uqo, ^re''&

,ndoS we;s
Kh uqo,
^re''&

,ndoS we;s
uq Kh
ixLHdj

Kh
,ndoSf
m%;sY;h

Kh wdmiq
whf
m%;sY;h

meyerye $
msgys Kh
m%;sY;h

1997

505.43

425.23

72740

84%

59 %

22%

1998

592.39

456.83

77357

77%

66 %

59%

1999

491.82

80152

72%

78%

1999 jrAIh wjidk jkg ksl=;a l< Kh jkdlu yd wh we;s uqo, ia;%slal wkqj rEm igyka wxl '''''''''
ys laf'

26

70000000
60000000

uqo, ^re&

50000000
40000000
30000000
20000000
10000000

iuDoa jHjidhl;aj Kh jevigyk ^ijK&

iuDoa iykdOdr,dNS mjq,aj,g kj wdodh W;amdok jHdmdr wdrN lsug iy kg Tjqka iska
lrf.k hkq ,nk wdrA:sl lghq;= mq,a lsu i|yd 1998 whjeh fhdackd uska fuu Kh
jevigyk l%shd;aul lrk ,'
iuDoa iykdOdr,dNSka iajhx /lshd i|yd fhduq lsug wjYH wruqo,a imhd Tjqka ;=<
jHjidhl;aj l=i,;d hqKq fldg Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, jk ;;a;ajh hym;a ;;a;ajhlg m;alsu fuu
Kh jevigyfka uQ,sl wruqK f' iuDoa kshdulhska yd l<uKdlrejka Kh whlr .ekS iy
idrA:lj jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hdu ms<sn|j miqmr lghq;= bgq lr;s'
fuu jevigyk ,xld nexl=j yd uyck nexl=j uska W;=re" kef.kysr ia;%slalj, yer jhsfka
ishu m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYj, l%shd;aul flfrA' tfia jqjo wmdr ia;%slalfha foysw;a;lKah"
mh;,dj" uyTh" wmdr" Wyk" ouk iy ,dyq., hk m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY ;=<o fuu
jevigyk ls%hd;aul f' M,odhS wdfhdaclhka i|yd muKla fuu Kh uqo, ,ndfokq ,nk w;r"
Kh ,ndug fmr Kh,dNSkag jHjidhl;aj

ixjrAOk mqyqKqjlao ,ndfokq ,ef'

fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul jk m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY ixLHdj Wm ldrAhd,o we;=j 236 la jk
w;r" nexl= fol iu tl jQ wdldrhg Kh ,nd u i|yd re'' 295 la fjkalr we;'

fuu Kh jevigyk hgf;a ,ndfok wju uqo, re' 10"000 la jk w;r" Wmu Kh uqo,
re'50"000ls' fmd,S wkqmd;h jirlg 10] ls' iq/l= f,i ;j;a iuDoa m%;s,dNsfhl= yjq,a
Khlrefjl= f,i fhdod .ekSu muKla is lrkq ,ef'

27

wmdr

wkqrdOmqr

fudKrd.,

n,a,

mq;a;,u

l=reKE.,

kqjrt<sh

wh we;s uqo,

fmdf<dkakrej

ksl=;a l< Kh uqo,

ud;f,a

uykqjr

lE.,a,

r;akmqr

ynkaf;dg

ud;r

.d,a,

l;r

.my

fld<U

Kh wdmiq f.f re'20"000 olajd ,ndfok Kh f.f Wmu ld,h udi 24 la jk w;r"
re'20"000 - 30"000 w;r Kh f.f Wmu ld,h udi 30 lao" re' 30"000-50"000 w;r Kh
f.f Wmu ld,h udi 36 lao" f' ijK jevigyk hgf;a 1999 jrAIh wjidk jkg ,xld
nexl=j yd uyck nexl=j taldnoaOj ksl=;al< Kh ixLHdj 9238 ls' tys jkdlu re' ,shk 238'28
la jQ w;r f jkg wh we;s uqo, re' ,shk 78'30 ls' whf m%;sY;h 75] la jk w;r
meyer ye iy msgys Kh m%;sY;h 17] ls' ta ms<sn| ia;r my; j.= wxl '''''''''''''' ys iy
weuqKq wxl ''''''''''' ys olajd we;'
j.= wxl 23

jrAIh

mqyqKq,dNSka
ixLHdj

fjkalrk
,o uq Kh
uqo, re''

,nd we;s
Kh uqo,
re'

,nd we;s
uq Kh
ixLHdj

Kh
,ndf
m%;sY;h

Kh wdmiq
whf
m%;sY;h

meyerye$
msgys Kh
m%;sY;h

1998

8720

149.592

132.147

5368

88%

98%

1%

1999

10980

149.592

238.284

9238

80%

75%

17%

1999 jrAIh wjidk jkg iuDoa jHdjidhl;aj Kh jevigyk hgf;a ksl= ;a l< Kh uqo, yd
wh we;s Kh uqo, ia;sl
% a jYfhka rEm igyka wxl '''''' ys laf'

40000000
35000000

uqo, ^re&

30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000

ksl=;a l, Kh uqo,

wmdr

fmdf<dkakrej

wkqrdOmqrh

fudKrd.,

n,a,

mq;a;,u

l=reKE.,

kqjrt<sh

ud;f,a

uykqjr

lE.,a,

r;akmqr

ynkaf;dg

ud;r

.d,a,

l;r

.my

fld<U

wh we;s uqo,

iuDoa l,an myiql jevigyk

1998 jrAIfha isg l%shd;aul jk fuu jevigyk hgf;a myiql iemhSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk b,lal
lKavdhug kshdulhska 5000 la muK wh;af' fuu b,lal lKavdhfuys wdodh ;;a;ajh by<
u yd kj uQ,H myiql inkaO Kqula yd wjfndaOhla Tjqkag ,nd ta ;=<ska i;=gqodhl
wdodhula ,nd .ekSug bv m%ia:d ie,iSu fuu jevigyfka uQ,sl wruqK f'

fuu jevigyk iSudiys; mSm,aia ,Sisx iud.u iu taldnoaOj l%shd;aul flfrk w;r f i|yd
fjka lr we;s uqo, re'' 300 ls' wdodh jelr .ekSf mokula u; lghq;= lrk jHdmD;s i|yd
my; lafjk j;al , .ekSug fuuska myiql ie,fia' tajd w;r ;%S frdao r:" frdao fofla
w;a g%elagrA iy f%,rA" rl:k" *elaia hka;%" Pdhd msgm;a hka;%" rEmjdyskS" fhda hka;%" uyck
28

weu;= hka;%" leurd" YS;lrK" wYS;lrK" fr nE.a iy im;a;= uyk ueIska" cqlS ueIska" ueKsla
lemSf hka;% yd Tm f hka;%" lDIs ldrAl hka;% yd wdmkak" jr lghq;= i|yd wjYH
fndagq wekacska yd WmlrK" .,a lvk hka;% we;= l=vd lrAudka; i|yd Nd;d lrk hka;% yd
WmlrK wdh f'

fuu jevigyk hgf;a Kh myqil ,ndu ;ks mqoa.,hl=g" noaOj yd lKavdh jYfhkao is
flfrA' ;ks mqoa.,hl=g ,nd fok wju Kh uqo, re'75"000$- la jk w;r" Wmu uqo, re'
150"000$- la f' noaOj re' 150"000$- olajdo" lKavdh i|yd re'300"000 olajdo myiql i,ikq
,ef' jirlg idudkH fmd,S wkqmd;h 10] ls' Kh f.f ld,h Wmu udi 48 ls'

ta ta NdKav

wkqj yd jHdmD;sfhka Wmojk wdodhu u; wdmiq f.f ld,h fjkia f'

1999 jrAIh wjika jkg NdKav 672 la ksl=;a lr we;s w;r tys jkdlu re' ,shk 156'54 ls'
f jkg bka wh we;s uqo, re' ,shk 11'80 la jk w;r whf m%;sY;h 54] ls' 1998
jrAIhg idfmaCIj n,k g whf m%;sY;h jrAOkh we;'

l,an Kh myiql ,ndu

j.= wxl 24

jrAIh

NdKav
ixLHdj

whh hq;=
uqo,
^re'&

whh hq;=
jdrsl
jkdlu ^re'&

whjQ jdrsl
jkdlu
^re'&

msgys
uqo, ^re'&

whf
m%;sY;h

1998

508

121873424

4242690

2139270

119734154

50%

1999

672

156543684

21513481

11800778

144780194

54%

1999 jrAIh wjika jk g l,an myiql imhd we;s wdldrh osia;%sla jYfhka j.= wxl 24 ys
oelaf'
j.= wxl 25

wxlh

ia;%slalh

fld<U
.my
l;r
.d,a,
ud;r
r;akmqr
lE.,a,
ud;f,a
kqjrt<sh
l=reKE.,
mq;a;,u
fudKrd.,
wkqrdOmqrh
fmdf<dkakrej
tl;=j

NdKav
ixLHdj
5
4
103
5
2
6
115
46
168
1
134
22
1
60
672

whh hq;= whh hq;= jdl whjQ jdl msysg uqo,

uqo,
jkdlu ^re&
jkdlu
1088784
1020240
22967736
1382892
407100
1224072
25715424
11987676
35362296
219456
35917956
5986704
209016
13054332
156543684

46582
78603
3337170
18132
163787
3386997
1300232
4134126
5386794
1030112
26127
18908662
29

28116
1941037
85700
1545898
741424
1853704
3203681
577164
8709
9985433

1060668
1020240
21026699
1382892
407100
1138372
24169526
11246252
33508592
219456
32714275
5409540
200307
13054332
146558251

whf
m%;sY;h
60.36
58.16

52.32
45.64
57.02
44.84
59.47
56.03
33.33

3'5 iuDoa nexl= ix.

.%dh <s ck;djf.a b;sls jrAOkh uska wdfhdack Yla;sh jelsu" Tjqkag wjYH Kh
myiql ,ndu" Tjqkaf.a ksIamdok Yla;sh by< kxjd wdodh udrA. ,ndu hk wruqKq iys;j fuu
nexl= ix. jevigyk 1996 jifrA wdrN lrk ,'
01'

iuDoa nexl= ix. l%shdld;ajh

1999 jir wjika jkg whr 6 lg wh;a nexl= ix. 848 la l%shd;aul w;r 1999 jifrA
muKla wf;ka l%shd;aul jQ nexl= ix. .Kk 409 ls'

whr
m<uq
fojk
;=kajk
y;rjk
miajk
yhjk
tl;=j
02'

wkqu; yd l%shd;aul nexl= ix. ixLHdj

1997 - 1999
wkqu; ixLHdj
l%shd;aul ixLHdj
1997
1998
1999
125
125
125
125
136
136
136
136
178
178
178
190
190
119
90
260
129
1008
261
439
848

m%;sY;h
100
100
100
100
76
50
84

nexl= ix. idudl;ajh

1999 jir wjika jkg whr 6 lg wh;a nexl= ix. 848 l idudl iuq;h 1205480 la h'
bka 60] la ia;%Ska jQ w;r 40] la mqreIhska h' nexl= ix.uhl idudkH idudl ixLHdj 1422 la
muK f'
1999 jir ;=< muKla tl;= jQ uq idudl ixLHdj 593417 la jk w;r bka 58] la ia;%Ska jQ w;r
42] la mqreIhska h' fuu jifrA nexl= ix.uhlg tl;= jQ idudkH idudl ixLHdj 700 la muK
f'

nexl= ix. 848 uq idudcsl ixLHdj

1997 - 1999
j.= wxl 23
idudcsl;ajh

1997
ixLHdj

ia;%S
mqreI
tl;=j

174314
93470
267784

1998
m%;sY;h

64
36
100

ixLHdj

200489
143790
344279
30

1999

m%;sY;h

64
36
100

iuq;h

ixLHdj

m%;sY;h

ixLHdj

m%;sY;h

343556
249861
593417

58
42
100

718359
487121
1205480

60
40
100

03'

fldgia uqo,a

1999 jir wjika jkg ishu nexl= ix. ;=< re',shk 573 l fldgia uqo,la h' 1999 jifrA
muKla tl;= jQ fldgia uqo,a m%udKh re',shk 321 la h' fuu 1998 jir idfmaCIj 91] l by<
hduls' fuhg m%Odk fya;=j fuu jir ;=< wf;ka nexl= ix. wdrN lsuhs'
iuia: fldgia uqo,a
1997 - 1999
re',shk

fldgia

1997

uqo,a

1998

jkdlu

1999

jkdlu

jkdlu

iuq;h
]

jkdlu

ia;%S

55.49

67

103.75

62

199.21

62

358.45

63

mqreI

27.79

33

64.69

38

122.03

38

214.51

37

tl;=j

83.28

100

168.44

100

321.24

100

572.96

100

iuia: fldgia uqo,a jkdlu

^remsh,a ,shk&
83.28

321.24

168.44

1997

04'

1998

1999

b;s lsf ;ekam;=

<ud" hud;d" idudl" idudl fkdjk iy iuQy b;=re f,i .sKq jrA. 5la we;' 1998 jir
wjika jkg 372147 l ;ekam;= m%udKhla mej;s w;r tajdfha jkdlu re',shk 189'21 la h'
1999 jifrA muKla ;ekam;=
;ekam;=
jrA.h

104307 lska re',shk 568'21 la tl;= h'

1997
ixLHdj

1998

jkdlu

ixLHdj

1999

jkdlu

ixLHdj

tl;=j
jkdlu

ixLHdj

jkdlu

idudl

70621

52

19.76

40

110474

54

38.4

27

588496

56

300.29

52

769591

54

358.45

47

<ud

29285

22

3.74

46725

20

7.27

306507

29

35.58

382517

27

46.59

oshud;d

7804

3.25

15795

8.88

44945

20.63

68544

32.77

idudl fkdjk

5023

4.22

13456

9.42

25036

27.90

43515

41.54

22533

16

18.22

37

50431

12

76.05

54

78090

183.81

32

151054

11

278.43

37

135266

100

49.19

100

236881

100

140.02

100

1043074

100

568.21

100

100

757.43

100

iuQy
tl;=j

31

05'

iuia: wruqo,a m%udKh

1998jir wjidkfha nexl= ix. ;=< talrdYS lrk ,o wruqo,a m%udKh ^j;al& re' ,shk 441 la
jQ w;r 1999 jifrA muKla tl;=jQ j;al m%udKh re' ,shk 889 la h' fuh 1998 jirg
idfmaCIj 188] l jeuls'
talrdYS lrk ,o iuia: wruqo,a
1997-1999
jrAIh

nexl= ix. whr

i

ii

iii

tl;=j

iv

vi

1997

106.59

25.89

132.48

1998

99.40

92.21

116.80

308.41

1999

150.51

167.77

207.42

218.77

48.24

96.69

889.40

tl;=j

356.50

285.87

324.22

218.77

48.24

96.69

1330.29

06'

nexl= ix. Kh ksl=;a lsu

lDIsldrAl" mfNdack" iajhx /lshd" jr yd i;a;aj md,k" wdmod f,i Kh ksl=;a lrhs'
1998 jifrA fuu Khu i, ii, iii whrj, nexl= ix. Kh ksl=;a lrk ,' fuu jifrA ksl=;a
l< uq Kh ixLHdj 70692 ls' tajdfha uq jkdlu re' ,shk 236'16 ls'
1999 jifrA ka uq Kh ixLHdj 136379 ls' fuu Kh m%udKh 1998 jir idfmaCIj 93] l
jeuls'

32

iuDoa nexl= ix. j,ska ksl=;a l< uq Kh

1998 - 1999
re',shk

1998
ixLHdj

1999
jkdlu

ixLHdj

tl;=j
jkdlu

ixLHdj

jkdlu

,o whm;a ixLHdj

73550

149935

223485

wkqu; jQ Kh

70992

258.05

142967

713.55

213595

971.6

ksl=;a l< Kh

67786

236.16

136379

695.67

204165

931.83

151.98

359.80

511.78

meyer ye Kh

3004

3.33

7577

14.70

10581

18.03

whf m%;sY;h

96%

104%

102%

msgys Kh

07'

nexl= ix. wdfhdack

1999 jir wjika jkg ishu nexl= ix.j, re' ,shk 1464 l j;al m%udKhla jdrA;d jQ w;r
th 1998 jirg idfmaCIj re' ,shk 1024 l jeuls'
nexl= ix. i;= iuia: j;al yd wdfhdack
1998 - 1999
re' ,shk

ffM;uh

1998
jkdlu

NdKavd.dr ,am;a

1999
]

jkdlu

tl;=j
]

jkdlu

177.61

40

382.20

37

559.80

38

b;=re ;ekam;a

85.27

19

151.82

15

237.10

16

cx.u ;ekam;a

21.72

107.26

10

128.99

w; b;s uqo,a

3.58

17.00

20.49

msgys Kh

158.91

35

365.58

36

517.56

35

tl;=j

440.17

100

1023.78

100

1463.90

100

33

nexl= ix. i;= iuia: j;al jkdlu

^remsh,a ,shk&
440.17

1023.78
1998

1999

lDIs ixjrAOk jevigyk

01'

ye|skau

iuDoa

iykdOdr

,nk

,shk

1'9

la

muK

m%;s,dNS

mjq,a

j,ska

80]

la

muK

iDcqju

lDIslrAudka;fhys kshef,k w;r ;j;a 10] la muK lDIs wdY%s; lrAudka;j, ksr;jk njg 1997
jrAIfha ia;%slal 18 l f;dard .kakd ,o l,dm 18 l lrk ,o iCIKhlg wkqj fmkS f.dia we;'
thg wu;rj iuDoa m%;s,dNSkaf.ka 70] lg muK j.dl< yels f.j;= ;sfnk w;r Tjqkaf.ka 25]
lg muK f.j;a;g wu;rj fjk;a bvo we;' tfukau mam;=kaf.ka nyq;rh" fndfydag 3$4 lau
ish jfkdamdh imhd .kafka lDIslrAudka;h ;=<sks' f wkqj n,k l, <slu msgqlSu i|yd
iuDoa jevigyk hgf;a lDIs ixjrAOk lghq;= i|yd uQ,sl ;ekla ysf'
02'

wruqKq
iuDoa m%;s,dNSkaf.a f.j;= ixjrAOkh lsu ;=<ska Tjqkaf.a wdydr i|yd hk hou wvqlr jk

;;a;ajh Wiia lsu yd ta ;=<ska ukaofmdaIK ;;a;ajhka wvqlr ksfrda.Su;a" Yla;sula ck;djla
yslsu

iq mudK f.d;efkys ksr;jk ishu iuDoa m%;s,dNSkag kj oHd;aul" ;dCIKsl l%u

ykajdu ;=<ska lDIs ksIamdok i|yd jeh jk hou wvqlr ,dn ,nd.ekSf ;;a;ajhg f.k tau

iajhx /lshd i|yd wjYH Kqu" l=Y,;d iy wdl,am je hqKq lsu yd ta i|yd wjYH
myiql ,ndu uska lDIs wdY%s; lrAudka; we;slr Tjqkag /lshd wjia:d we;slr,Su

wdrA:sl jkdlka hq;a rela frdamKh lsu ;=<ska j;a ug yd j.d lsug ys;lr mirhla
f.dvke.Su yd wdrA:sl m%;s,dN ,nd.ekSug wjia:d we;slsu'

fkka k wjOdkfhka wE;ajk lDIsldrAl" wdrA:sl yd T!IO j.djka je jefhka wdrN lsu
i|yd m%;s,dNSka Kqj;a lsu

34

m<d;a" ia;sl
% a yd m%dfoaYSh ugfuka rdcH ixia:d" uKav,j, iydh fiajd moaO;sho tjeks ug
;=< l%shd;auljk rdcH fkdjk ixOdkj, iyNd.S;ajho iuDoa lDIs ixjrAOk jevigyk yd
taldnoaO lr .ekSu

by; i|yka wruqKq uqka muqkqjd,Su i|yd 1999 jrAIh ;=< lDIs ixjrAOk jevigyk uska m%Odk
jYfhka f.j;= j.d jevigyk" mdil rela frdamK jevigyk" fYaI lDIs ixjrAOk jevigyk
yd lDIs mqyqKq yd Kqj;a lsf jevigyka ia;%sla ugka l%shd;aul lr we;'

03'

f.j;= j.d jevigyk

iuDoa m%;s,dNSkaf.ka 70] lg muK ixjrAOkh l<yels f.j;= we;s neka fuu f.j;= ixjrAOkh
lsu ;=<ska Tjqkaf.a tfkod wdydr i|yd hk hou wvq lr .; yel' Tjqkag iunr wdydr f,la
,nd.ekSug wjia:dj Wodu ksid ukao fmdaIK ;;a;ajfhka ksfrda.Sj ;u ldrAhhkays ksr;ug
wjia:dj Wodjkq we;' ridhksl jHhkaf.ka neyerj l,am m<sfndaO md,k l%u yd ldnksl fmdfydr
fhdod .ekSug fhduq lsu ;=<ska ksIamdok hou wvq lrk w;r I jHhka wdydrhg tla uo
j,lajd .; yel' ta wkqj iuDoa f.j;= j.d jevigyk hgf;a me, ;jdka we;slsu" j.d lrejkag
wjYH Kqu ,ndu" m%;s,dNSkaf.a f.j;= ixjrAOkh lsu yd f.j;= j.d ;r meje;au isflfrA'

f wkqj f.j;= j.d jHdmD;sh hgf;a 1999 jifrA wdrN lsug ie,iq lr ;snQ me, ;jdka 250
ka wdrN lr ;snQ kj me, ;jdka .Kk 384 la jQ w;r th ishhg 154 l m%.;shls' g wu;rj
1999 jifrA ixjrAOkh lsug ie,iq lr ;snQ f.j;= 13000 ka jir wjidk jkg f.j;= 2765 la
ixjrAOkh lr ;snqKq w;r th 22] l m%.;shls' iuDoa f.j;= j.d jHdmD;sfha me, ;jdka yd
ixjrAOkh lrk ,o me, ;jdka jHdmD;Ska u.ska m%;s,dN ,nk mjq,a ixLHdj 19513 ls' tfukau
f.j;= j.d jHdmD;sh hgf;a 1999 jrAIfha b,lal lr ;snQ f.j;= j.d ;r 300 ka 125 la mj;ajd
;snqKs' th 42] l m%.;shls' iuia:hla jYfhka 1999 jrAIfha f.j;= j.d jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsu
i|yd re' ' 1'3 l uqo,la wdfhdackh lr ;snqKs'
04'

mdil rdla frdamK jevigyk

Y%S ,xldf km;d isjk jk kdYh ksid wvqf.k hk jk im;a iqrlSu w;HjYH ldrKhla
we;' jk kdYh ksid j iemhqu Yd, f,i wvqu" mi fidaod hdu iy mi ksireu" c, iemhq
wl%uj;a u yd ksr; c, .e,S we;su isf' lDIsldrAl fnda. j.djka l<yels jkqfhao mfia
irenj /l.ekSfuks' c,Odrd m%foaY ixrCIKh lsuo" mirfha ;=,kd;aulNdjh mj;ajdf.k hd
yelaflao .iaje,a j,g muKs' fuu ;;a;ajh hgf;a b;sj we;s jk im; wdrlaId lr .ekSfuka
bv we;s iEu ulu m%fhdackj;a .ila isgqu wjYHj we;' g wu;rj j;aug ys;lr isis,a
mirhla fukau wdydr jrA." or" i;a;aj wdydr yd T!IO jrA. yd fldams" flfi,a" w,s.eg fmar yd
fjk;a uqo,a fnda. rdYshlao jrAIh mqrdu ,nd.ekSug yelsjkq we;'
35

f wkqj iuDoa mdil rela frdamK jevigyk uska O jevigyka l%shd;aul lr we;' miq.sh
jir y;r ;=< fukau fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a 1999 jir ;=< O me, jrA. 394721 la isgqjd ;snqKs'
fuh jir ;=, isgqug ie,iq lr ;snQ me, ,shk 4 yd ii|d ne,Sf b;d wvq m%.;shla fmkajhs'
f i|yd re' ' 0'65 l uqo,la wdfhdackh lr ;snQ w;r fuu jHdmD;sh uska m%;s,dNS mjq,a 56631
lg fi; ie,iS we;'

05'

fYaI lDIs ixjrAOk jevigyk

iuDoa m%;s,dNSkaf.a wdrA:sl jrAOkh i|yd iajhx /lshd wjia:d we;slsu fuu jevigyfka uQ,sl
wruqK f' fuuska m%foaYfha im;a ukdf,i Wmfhda.S lr fj<|fmd,g iqiq m ieliSfuka kj
jkdl tl;= lr fj<|fmd,g bm;a flfrA' fuu fYaI jHdmD;Ska uska ;u ksIamdok i|yd
;rld;ajh ;=<ska idOdrK <la ,nd.ekSu yd kg fj<| fmd, mj;sk taldldrh ksid
f.dhdg uqyqK mEug isjk widOdrKhkaf.ka ug yelshdj ,efnkq we; tfukau idudkH
jHdmdl Kqula we;s .%dh ;reK ;reKshkag iajhx jHdmdrhla jYfhka keS isugo wjia:djka
Wodjk w;r tu jHdmD;Ska fjk;a jHdmD;Ska wdrN lsug Kqu ,ndfok wdorAYhlao f'
f wkqj iuDoa fYaI lDIs ixjrAOk jevigyk hgf;a 1999 jrAIfha wdrN lsug ie,iq lr
;snQ fYaI lDIs jHdmD;Ska 21 ka wdrN lr ;snQfKa fYaI lDIs jHdmD;Ska 14 la jQ w;r th 67] l
m%.;shla fmkajhs' 1999 jifrA f i|yd lr ;snQ wdfhdack j, jkdlu re'' 4'35 ls' fuu fYaI
lDIs jHdmD;sh hg;a ia;%slal 10 l ueis md,kh" f.d;ek" flfi,a j.dj" ls j.dj"
weka;+h j.dj" fldyq nka ieliSu" l=rlalka j.d fldg ms f,i ksl=;a lsu" .ia j.dj"
lDIs ksIamdok wdY%s; jH ieliq uOHia:dk" fT!IO j.dj" fmhdia j.dj" nq,;a j.dj" mdil
f.dm, yd fmd,a j.d jHdmD;Ska jrAIh ;=< l%shd;aulj mej;=Ks' fuu O jHdmD;Ska uska m%;s,dN
,nk mjq,a .Kk 2763 la h'
06'

lDIs mqyqKq yd Kqj;a lsf jevigyka

iuDoa m%;s,dNSka w;rska 40] lg je msilf.a m%Odk jfkdamdh lDIs lrAudka;h jqjo mdrml
lDIs ldrAl l%u Nd;h;a" kj lDIsldrAl l%u Nd;h ms<sn| wjfndaOh;a fkd,eu ksid Tjqkaf.a
ksIamdokj, m%udKh yd .=Kd;aulNdjh wvq Tjqka wvq wdodh,dNSka njg m;aj we;' lDIs
ksIamdok wdY%s; iajhx /lshd nyq, jqjo iuDoa m%;s,dNSka yg ta ms<sn|j we;s Kqu yd wjfndaOh
b;d wju ugul mj;S'
tuksid lDIslrAudka;fha ksr;jk iuDoa m%;s,dNSka i|yd kj ;dCIKsl l%u ykajdu ;=<ska lDIs
ksIamdok i|yd jehjk hou wvqlr ,dN ,nd.ekSf ;;a;ajhg f.k tau" wiajkq fk,Su" wiajekak
l,a;nd .ekSu" fj<| fmd,g W; whqka ksIamdok msieliSu ms<sn| Kqu ,nd fuka
ksIamdokj,g je jkdlula tl;= lsu" mdil f.d;ek ms<sn| Kqula ,ndu;a iy lDIs
36

wdY%s; iajhx /lshdj,g fhduq lsug wjYH oeKqu yd mqyqKqj ,ndu iuDoa lDIs mqyqKq yd Kqj;a
lsf jevigyk uska is flfrA'
f wkqj 1999 jrAIfha fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a b,lal.; jevuq 260 l m%udKfhka jevuq 309 la
mj;ajd ;snQ w;r th 119] l m%.;shls' f i|yd re'' 0'84 l uqo,la wdfhdackh lr ;snqKs' fuu
iajhx /slshd mqyqKq jHdmD;sh i|yd fhduq jQ mjq,a ixLHdj jQfha 1312 ls'

i;a;aj md,k yd jr ixjrAOk jevigyk

01'

ye|skau

.%dh m%foaYj, wvq wdodh,dNSkaf.ka ie,lsh hq;= msila i;a;aj md,k yd jr fCia;%fha O jQ
l%shdldrlj, ksr;j is' kuq;a tu l%shdldrl hqKq lr .ekSug we;s bv m%ia:d w,amh' f
fya;=fjka Tjqka im%odhsl l%u wkq.ukh lrka tu ksIamdok lghq;=j, ksr;j is' fuu
;;a;ajfhka Tjqka uqo,jd,Su i|yd wjYH Kqu yd wjfndaOh ,ndu;a im;a wmyiql ksid O
jQ jHdmD;Ska wdrN lsug fkdyelsj isk wvq wdodh,dNSka i|yd wjYH iydh ,ndu;a i;a;aj
md,k yd jr ixjrAOk jevigyk uska isflfrA'

02'

wruqKq

1' i;a;aj md,k yd jr lghq;=j,g iuDoa m%;s,dNSka$ wvq wdodh,dNSka je jefhka fhduq lsu'
2' wLKav wdodh udrA.hla we;s lsu yd iajhx /lshd wjia:d ys lsu'
3' i;a;aj ksIamdok je lsu'
4' fmdaIK ;;a;ajh Wiia lr,Su'

03'

iajhx /lshd W;amdok jevigyk

i;a;aj md,k yd jr fCIa;% iajhx /lshd W;amdokh l< yels udOHhkah' .%dh wvq wdodh,dNSka
i;a;aj md,k yd jr fCIa;%hkag m%fY ug Wkkajla yd leue;a;la lajqj;a im;a fkdue;s u
ndOdjla we;' f fya;+ka ksid iuDoa i;a;ajmd,k yd jr iajhx /lshd W;amdok jevigyk
uska tu whg iyk ie,iSu isflfrA' miq.sh jir lSmh ;=< fukau 1999 jir ;=<o fuu.ska wvq
wdodh,dNSka msila i;a;aj md,k yd jr fCIa;%hkag msiS idrA:l m%:sM, ,ndf.k we;'

37

f wkqj i;a;aj md,kh fCIa;%h ;=< 1999 jrAIfha ie,iq lr ;snQ O jHdmD;Ska jk fn%dhs,rA
ksIamdok jHdmD;Ska 78la" ;a;r ksIamdok jHdmD;s 9la" l=l=,a meg ksIamdok jHdmD;s 5la" l=l=,a
meg wf, jHdmD;shla" pl%Sh t md,k jHdmD;Ska 37la" W!rka we;slsf jHdmD;s 9la" .jhska
we;slsf jHdmD;s 10la yd fnda;,a l, ls ksIamdok jHdmD;Ska 2la wd jYfhka jHdmD;Ska 151la
jrAIh ;=< wdrN lr ;snqKs' g wu;rj jr lafIa;%h ;=< iqr;,a uiqka ksIamdok jHdmD;ska 13
l=;a iqr;,a uiqka wf, jHdmD;Ska 2la yd h u;aiH j.d jHdmD;shla wdrN lr ;snqKs' fYaI
i;a;aj md,k jHdmD;s jYfhka t wNsckk tall 02 la yd ;a;r ksIamdok tallhlao jrAIh ;=<
wdrN lr ;snqKs'

04'

kqj;a ls$ mqyqKq jevigyk

kg i;a;aj md,k yd jr fCIa;%hkag inkaO isk wvq wdodh,dNSka iudm%odhsl l%u

wkq.ukh lsu ksid Tjqkaf.a M,odhS;djh wvq ugul mj;sk w;r ,efnk wdodhuo my< ugul
mj;S f ksid iuDoa i;a;ajmd,k yd jr ixjrAOk Kqj;a ls yd mqyqKq jevigyk hg;a tu
wvq wdodh,dNSka yg O jHdmD;Ska ms<sn| wjYH ;dCIKsl Kqu yd mqyqKqj ,ndu miq.sh jir
lSmh ;=< fukau 1999 jrAIfhao wLKavj islr we;'
f wkqj 1999 jrAIfha i;a;aj md,k fCIa;%h inkaOfhka kqj;a lsf tla jevigykla mj;ajd
;snQ w;r f i|yd iyNd.S jQ ixLHdj 25 ls' g wu;rj fn%dhs,rA ksIamdokh inkaOfhka mqyqKq
jevigyka 18 la mj;ajd ;snQ w;r f i|yd 297 fofkl= iyNd.S we;' ;a;r ksIamdok
jHdmD;sh inkkaOfhka meje;ajqkq Kqj;a ls mqyqKq jevigyka 4la mj;ajd we;s w;r ta i|yd
112 fofkl= iyNd.S h' l=l=,a meg ksIamdokh inkaOfhka meje;ajQ mqyqKq jevigyka 3 i|yd
iyNd.S jQ ixLHdj 15 ls' t md,kh inkaOfhka meje;a jQ mqyqKq jevigyka 9la i|yd iyNd.s jQ
ixLHdj 253 ls'

kqj;a lsf yd mqyqKq ls jevigyfka W!rka we;s lsf jHdmD;sh ms<sn|j meje;ajQ jevigyka
.Kk 3la jQ w;r iyNd.S jQ ixLHdj 76 ls' .jhska we;slsf jHdmD;sh hgf;a meje;ajQ mqyqKq
jevigyka .Kk 18la jQ w;r iyNd.S jQ ixLHdj 531 ls' lsrs jdKqyrkh lsu inkaOfhka
meje;ajQ jevigykg iyNd.S jQ m%;s,dNSka ixLHdj 6la jQ w;r iqr;,a uiqka we;s lsu inkaOfhka
meje;ajQ mqyqKq jevigyka 4 i|yd iyNd.S jQ ixLHdj 56ls' h u;aiH j.dj inkaOfhka
meje;ajQ mqyqKq jevigyka 2la i|yd iyNd.S jQ ixLHdj 42 ls'
1999 jrAIfha i;a;aj md,k fCIa;%h inkaOfhka Kqj;a ls$ mqyqKq jevigyka 57 la mj;ajd we;s
w;r jr fCIa;%h inkaOfhka Kqj;a ls$ mqyqKq jevigyka 6la mj;ajd we;' iuia:hla
jYfhka fuu mqyqKq i|yd iyNd.S jQ m%;s,dNSka ixLHdj 1077la jk w;r iuDoa ixjrAOk
ks,Odka yd l<uKdlrejka .Kk 334 fofkls

38

3'8

iudc ixjrAOk jevigyk

iudc ixjrAOk jevigyfka os.= ld,Sk wruqKq

wka; oqmam;=ka i|yd rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wkq.%yh hgf;a m%cd uQ,sl iqNidLk jevigyka l%shdjg
kexu ;=<ska ck iudch iu ifydaorFjfhka j;a f mirhla f.dv ke.Su'
fl ld,sk wruqKq
wka; mam;=ka i|yd fYaI jQ iqNidOk jevigyka l%shd;aul lsu'

tu jevigyka l%shdjg kexu

m%cd uQ,slj is flfrk w;r O fya;= ksid wirK Ndjhg m;aj isk fYaI iudc fldgiaj,g
iydh u wfkl=;a m%cdjf.a j.lSu yd hq;=lu nj mila lsu f'
iudc ixjrAOk jevigyk - ye|skau
iuDoa m%;s,dNS yd m%;s,dNS fkdjk wka; <s iudc fldgiaj,g iyk ie,iSf m%cd uQ,sl
jevigyka ykd .ekSug yd l%shd;aul lsug fYaI W;aidyhla iuDoa jevigyk hgf;a l%shdjg
kexf'

;u Yla;s jrAOkh lr.; fkdyels u ksid m%Odk ixjrAOk m%jdyhg tl;=h fkdyels

my; i|yka fYaI iudc fldgia f hgf;a my; i|yka fYaI iudc fldgia f hgf;a ykd
f.k we;'

wdndO iys; mqoa.,hka

wirK ;;a;ajfha miqjk jeyshka

mshjreka fkdue;s orejka iu j;ajk ujreka

u;ameka yd u;ajHj,g weneysu ksid mSvdjg m;a mqoa.,hskaf.a mjq,a

uj ueofmr. hdu ksid iudc m%YaKj,g uqyqKq we;s mjq,a

foudmshka fkdue;s orejka

m%;smdok

1999 jir i|yd Y%S ,xld iuDoa wldh u.ska iudc ixjrAOk wxYh fj; wod, jevigyka
l%shd;aul lsu fjkqfjka remsh,a ,shk 5 la fjka lr we;' th ia;sl
% a ugka fn hk whqre
weuqKq wxl 01 ys laf'
fuu fjka lrk ,o remsh,a ,shk 5 l uqo, lrkq ,nk jevigyka wkqj fn hdu my; laf'
j.= wxl 26

jevigyk

fjka lrk ,o m%;smdok m%udKh

u;a ksjdrK jevigyk

3730721

idCIr;d jevigyk

1154380

O iudc fiajd

114899

tl;=j

5000000
39

iudc ixjrAOk moku msysgqu $ iudc ixjrAOk wruqo,

iudc ixjrAOk jevigyk hgf;a ykd.;a fYaI ck fldgia fjkqfjka m%cd uQ,sl jevigyka ykd
.ekSug;a" ykd.;a tu jevigyka wLkavj l%shdjg kexu;a m%dfoaYsh f,al fldGdY ugka
\iudc ixjrAOk moku\ kjQ ixOdkhla iuDoa jevigyk ykajd ka uq,a wjfha msysgjkq
,eh'

fuu mokf iNdm;sjrhd f,i wod, fldGdYfha m%dfoaYsh f,aljrhd lghq;= lrk w;r

iudc fiajd ks,Odjrhd f,al f,i lghq;= lrhas'

wod, n, m%foaYfha j;ajk wd.l kdhlhska

o m%N+jreka o iudc fiajd lghq;=j, kshqla; fjk;a iafPd ixOdkj, ksfhda;hska o fuu iudc
ixjrAOk mokf fiiq idudfhda jQy'

tfia jqj o l%u l%ufhka jevigyk mq,a u;a iuu

iuDoa uyd ix. ;=<ska iudc ixjrAOk jevigyk l%shd;aul lsug mshjr .eksk'
iudc ixjrAOk

jevigyka l%shd;aul lsu i|yd wruqo,a f.dvk.d .ekSu l< hq;=h'

wruqo,a

f.dv k.d .ekSu i|yd lrkq ,nk m%Odku jeviyk \iuDoa fld\ wf, lsf jevigykhs'
Bg wu;rj iudc ixjrAOk mokf fyda uyd ix.ufha wNsu;h m ;u m%dfoaYSh f,al
fldGdYh ;=< fuu fYaI wruqo, ;rlr .ekSu i|yd O l%shdudrA. .; yelsh'

fndfyda g

f i|yd f,d;/hs kq we" i,ams,a meje;au" md .uka ixOdkh lsu wd jevigyka l%shd;aul
flfrkq olakg we;'

tfy;a f i|yd iuDoa m%;s,dNSkaf.ka muKla fYaI uqo,a tl;= lsula

wfmaCId fkdflfrA'
iuDoa fld wf,h
1996 jifrka wer iuDoa fld wf,h f jk g is jrla mj;ajd we;'

1996 iy 1997

jirj, f i|yd fhdod .kq ,enqf cd;Hka;r <slu msgqlSf kh fh ;snQ Tlaf;danrA ui
17 jkodhs'

1998 iy 1999 jirj, iuDoa fld wf,h fhdod .kq ,enqfha cd;Hka;r je

frda kh fh ;snqKq uehs ui 31 jkodhs'

fuu cd;Hka;r jYfhka iurkq ,nk k folu

iuDoa jevigyfkys uqLH mrudrA: yd Rcq jYfhkau ne|s ;su fuu f;dard .skSug m%Odku
fya;=jhs'
fld wf, lsf iEu iuDoa ixjrAOk ks,Odfhla $ iuDoa n,ldhla u.skau wju jYfhka
fld 150 laj;a wf, lrkq we;ehs wfmaCId lrk w;r m%dfoaYsh f,al fldGdYhlg fjkalr we;s
fld fld m%udKh ta ta iuDoa n,ldhj, j;ajk ck.ykh wkqj .e,fmk m fnod ykq
,ef'

tfia jqjo wf,hg je keUqrejla olajk whg je fld m%udKhla ,ndug lghq;= lrkq

,ef'

fld wf, lsf o,a nyd,Sug leg ta ta iuDoa ixjrAOk ks,Odka iska ilid iQodk

lr .; hq;= w;r tu legj, we,ug wjYH uqs; m;%sld ,ndu lrhs'

fld wf,h wjika l<

jydu uqo,a nyd,k leg l,dm ldrAhd,hg f.k wd hq;= w;r tajd jD; l< hq;af;a iuDoa l,dm
l<uKdlre bfha l,dm ldrAhd,fhah'

;u l,dmh ;=< tl;= lrk ,o uqo,a m%udKh f,aLk.;

fldg m%dfoaYsh f,al ldrAhd,hg NdroSu l,dm l<uKdlre iska l< hq;=h'
;Hd. mskeu

iuDoa fld wf,h u;a lsu i|yd;Hd. mskef fYaI jevigykla o f hgf;a l%shdjg
kexf' fuys my; i|yka ks,Odka i|yd ;Hd. mskef'
1'
m%dfoaYsh f,al fldGdYfha jeu uqo,la tl;= lrk ixjrAOk ks,Od
40

2'

ia;%slalfha jeu uqo,la tl;= lrk ixjrAOk ks,Od

3'

jhsfka jeu wdodhu tl;= lrk ixjrAOk ks,Odhd

4'

ia;%slalfha jeu wdodhu tl;= lrk l,dm l<uKdre

5'

jhsfka jeu wdodhu tl;= lrm l,dm l<uKdlre

6'

jhsfka jeu wdodhu tl;= lrk m%dfoaYSh f,al

7'

jhsfka jeu wdodhu tl;= lrk ia;%sla f,al

wf, wdodhu
ta ta jir ;=< fld wf,fhka ,enQ wdodhu msn| ia;r j.= wxl 02 ys laf'
j.= wxl 27

jrAIh

fld wf,fhka ,o wdodhu

25] odhlFjh

1996

2666141'00

666535'00

1997

2383581'00

595895'00

1998

1624063'00

40616'00

1999

4904265'00

iudc ixjrAOk wruqo, ;rlsu i|yd iuDoa wldfhka o iydh ,nd ug wfmaCId l< w;r ta
i|yd fldGdYfha tl;= lrk ,o wf, wdodhfuka 25] l odhlFjhla ,ndug mshjr .kq ,eh'
ta wkqj uq,a jir ;=fkys muKla fuu 25] odhlFjh ,nd oqka w;r ta fjkqfjka remsh,a 1303046 la
orkq ,eh'
fkd,eh'

1999 jifrA b;d idrA:l fld wf,hla lr ;snQ w;r 25] odhlFjh ,nd fokq
1996 jifrA isg 1999 jir olajd ia;%sla ugka ,enQ wf, wdodh ms<sn| ia;r

weuqKq wxl 02 ys laf'

O iudc fiajd jevigyka
iuDoa fld wf, wdodhu" wldh u.ska ,nd fok 25] odhlFjh iy iudc ixjrAOk moku
fyda uyd ix.uh u.ska O l%shdudrA. ;=<ska Wmhd .kakd ,o ishu wdodhu iudc ixjrAOk
wruqo,g ner flfrA'
lrkq ,ef'

fuu fYaI wruqo, fhdod .kska w;HjYH jQ fmd iajNdjfha lghq;= is

ta hgf;a flfrk fuu fYaI l%shdldrl m%cd odhlFjfhka l%shd;aul flfrA'

fYaIfhka iudc wd.l yd ixilD;sl jYfhka jeo.;a jkakd jQ jevigyka l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk
w;r tu.ska ;%;ajh" iqyo;djh yd iyjkh we;slsu uQ,sl wfmaCIdjhs'
ta wkqj 1997 foienrA ui 31 jk k jk g ia;%sla ugka iudc ixjrAOk moku u.ska
l%shd;aul l< jevigyka 839 la muK nj jdrA;d jQ w;r ta ms<sn| ia;r j.= wxl 28 ys laf'

41

j.= wxl 28

jevigyk

jevigyka ixLHdj

u;ajH ksjdrk

300

jeys iqNidOk

126

<ud iqNidOk

107

wdnd; iqNidOk

61

ldka;d iqNidOk

94

ueo fmr. .sh mjq,a iqNidOk

05

fmd iudc fiajd

146

tl;=j

839

1998 ckjd isg foienrA 31 k jk g lrk ,o jevigyka ixLHdj j.= wxl 29 ys laf'
j.= wxl 29

jevigyk

ixLHdj

u;ajH ksjdrk

1640

jeys iqNidOk

590

<ud iqNidOk

486

wdnd; iqNidOk

490

ldka;d iqNidOk

558

ueo fmr. .sh mjq,a iqNidOk

199

fmd iudc fiajd

1822

tl;=j

5785

1999 jir ;=< iudc ixjrAOk moku l%shdjg kexjQ jevigyka ixLHdj 6982 la jk w;r ta ms<sn|
ia;r ia;%sla ugka weuqKq wxl 03 ys laf'
fuu iqNidOk jevigyka jrA.SlrKHg we;=,;a jkafka f,a m;Hd. ls" rKrejka i|yd ^W;=re
kef.kysr m%foaYj,g heu i|yd& fmd,a w;= wd wjYH jH ,nd" <ud yd jeys ksjdi i|yd
wdydr yd fjk;a w;HjYH jH iemhS" f;dard .;a <s mjq,aj, <uqka i|yd ks, we yd meie,a
WmlrK ,nd " Y%uodk" weia lKakd fnodu" yekq m;a ,nd ^cx.u fiiajd ;=<ska& fYaO{
fjjoH idhk meje;a" frdao mqgq yd lD;su mdo fnod u" wirK ksjdi fkdue;s mjq,a i|yd ksjdi
fkdu jeks jevigyka f'
u;ajH ksjdrKh

iuDoa jevigyk ykajd fokq ,enqfha Yla;su;a wdrA:slhla we;s lr .;a i;=fgka j;ajk mjq,la
we;s lsf wuqK we;sjh'

ta i|yd ck;dj ;=< mam;alu we;s lsrjk iy mam;alu mj;ajd f.k

hk fya;= ck;djf.ka wE;a l< hq.=h'

ck;dj ;=< mam;alu we;slrjk iy mam;=ka njg

m;alrk m%Odk idOl w;r u;ajH Nd;h m%ODk f' ta wkqj m%cdj ;=<

re' 2000 g jvd wdodhu wvq mjq,aj, udisl u;ameka hou mjqf,a wdodhfuka 1$3 la u'

42

iuDoa iykdOdrh i|yd jirlg flda 800 la ho lroa iuDoa,dNSka re' flda 1825 la
is.r i|yd muKla ho lsu

jeyshkaf.a u;ameka Nd;h fya;=fjka wkd.; mrmqr mSvdjg ,la u'

iykdOdr ,nk mam;=kaf.a u;ajH hou fmdfydi;=kaf.a houg jvd by< u'

by; lajQ fya;= wfma m%cdj ;=< olakg ,efnk w;r f ;;a;ajfhka m%cdj wE;a lsug lghq;= l<
hq;=h'

ta i|yd u;ameka yd u;ajH Nd;fhka widrA:l jQ mqoa.,hka ykd .ekSug mshjr .;

hq;=h'

f i|yd iudc ixjrAOk jevigyk ;=<ska mam;=kaf.a Yla;sh tla;eka lsug l%shd lrf.k

hkq ,ef' f i|yd kqj;a lsf jevuq l%shdjg kxjk w;r ta ;=<ska wfmaCIs; m%;sM, folls'

u;ameka yd u;ajH Nd;fhka ksoyia ug Wkkaj;a" Woafhda.h;a m%cdj ;=<ska we;sug lghq;=
lsu

Nd;h wju lsu Wfoid m%cdf we;sh hq;= fjki m%cdj iskau ykd .ekSug wjia:dj
ie,iSu'

;jo mqyqKq jevigyka ixOdkh lsf tys m%;sM, jvd;a idrA:l lr.ekSu Wfoid m%;s,dNSka
lKavdh .; lsula is flfrA'
fkdlrkakka jYfhks'

tk <uqka" ;reKhska" ldka;djka Nd;d lrkakka iy Nd;d

ta wkqj tla tla lKavdhug .e,fmk wruqKq Tiafia Tjqka l%shd;aul lru

is flfrA'
miq.sh jir lSmh ;=<u l,dm ugka fuu mqyqKq jevigyka l%shd;aul l< o 1999 jifrA isg
iuDoa uyix. yryd l%shdjg kxjkq ,eh'

uyd ix. ldrAh Ndrfha i|yka \nyqO ixjrAOk

m%fYfhys\ fuu jevigyk wka;rA.; we;s ksid uyd ix. msysgqjd we;s m%dfoaYSh f,al
fldGdYj, fuu jevigyk uyd ix. ;=<ska l%shd;aul f'
miq.sh jir lSmh ;=< lrk ,o jevigyka ms<sn| ixLHd o;a; my; laf'
j.= wxl 30

jrAIh

u;a ksjdrK jevigyka

ixLHdj

1996

1997

300

1998

1640

1999

1047

u;a ksjdrK cd;sl lgqj

wOHdmk wud;HdxYh" wuoHm ixOdkh" ;=re ;=frda ixOdkh" wka;rdodhl T!IO md,l uKav,h"
ckdm;s f,al ldrAhd,h" <s iyk flduidia fomdrA;fka;=j hk wdh;kj, ks,Odkaf.a
inkalrKh u; Y%S ,xld iuDoa wldfha wOHCI ckrd,af.a m%OdkFjfhka u;a jH ksjdrK

43

cd;sl lgqj ilia we;'

fuu lgq ;SrK u; iuDoa jevigyk hgf;a u;ajH ksjdrK

jevigyka ilia lsu i|yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;s ilia flfrA'

ckdm;s fYaI ldrAh idOk n,ldh

u;a jH ksjdrKh" <ud wmfhdackh yd ish kid .ekSu j,lajd,Su hk fiajd i|yd fYaI
ckdm;s ldrAh idOk n,ldhla msysgqu wdrN lr we;' fuu jevigyk iuDoa uyd ix. u.ska
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk w;r tla tla ldrAh i|yd iuDoa ixjrAOk ks,Odka fofofkl= ne.ska iuDoa
uyd ix.ufha ldrAh uKav,hg wkqhqla; lrkq ,ef'

f i|yd f;dard .;a iuDoa ixjrAOk

ks,Odka mqyqKq lsu whr lSmhla hgf;a lrkq ,eh'

1999 jir wjika jk g fujeks mqyqKq

jevigyka 3la mj;ajd wjika lr we;s w;r mqyqKqj ,enQ ks,Odka fCIa;% rdcldj, kgu;a
fhdojd we;'
pQ, ckdjdij, udkj im;a ixjrAOk jHdmD;sh
iudc ixjrAOk wxYfha fufyhu yd wkq.%yh u; fld<U ia;%sla iuDoa flduidia ldrAhd,h
u.ska fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul flfrA' f i|yd ;dCIKsl iydh Y%s ,xld iudc ixjrAOk wdh;kh
u.ska ,nd.efka'

fuu jHdmD;sh uQ,slj l%shdjg kexfjkafka fld<U m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYfha

iuDoa l,dm 03 uq,a lrf.kh'

fuu jHdmD;sh ;=<ska fld<U kd.lh ;=< fjfik wvq

wdodh,dNS ish fokd iuDoa jHdmdrhg l%shdYS,Sj odhl lr.efka'

kg iuDoa jevigyfka

l%shdldrl i|yd fuu m%foaYj,ska ,efnk iyNd.SFjh m%udKj;a fkdf'

jevigykska ,nd.; yels m%fhdack je msilg fkd,e hhs'

tu ksid iuDoa

kuq fuu jHdmD;sfha l%shdldrl

iu inkaO fuka kd.l wvq wdodh,dNS mjq,aj,g my; m%;s,dN ysf'

wdrA:sl ugu by< kexu i|yd ,efnk jHjidhsl wjia:d

b;slsf jrAOkhg ,efnk iydh

Kh wjYH;d i|yd ,efnk iykodhS wjia:d

idudl ugu by< kxjd .ekSu i|yd ,efnk oekqj;a f wjia:d

fmd ixjrAOkh i|yd ixOdkh iajhx ;SrK .ekSf wjia:d

iuDoa nexl= jHdmdrhg ysl yd m%;s,dN ,ef wjia:d

h;a lrkq ,nk idCIr;d" idhksl yd u;a ksjdrK wd jevigyka u.ska ,efnk fm!oa.,sl yd
fmd jdis

iuDoa nexl= ix.uh" uyd ix.uh jeks wdh;kj, ks,;, ,ef wd;au wNsudkS wjia:d

jhsk mqrd is isk iuDoa idudlhska iu wka;rA mqoa., in|;d f.dvk.d .eksug
yelsu

rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj, fiajh jvd;a myiqfjka ;ukau yd ;u m%cdjg ,nd.ekSug
,efnk wjia:d

f ;=<ska kd.l j;= wxYfha iuDoa jevigyk n,.ekaula is flfrA'

ilrKhg miq lr m%Odk ixjrAOk m%jdyhg fhduq flfrA'

ta ;=<ska Tjqka

f ksid by; olajk ,o ishMu

m%;s,dN kd.l j;=j, fjfik wvq wdodh ,nk ish mjq,aj, idudlhska fj; Rcq yd jl%
wdldrfhka ys f'
44

jHdmD;sfha wruqKq
iuDoa jHdmdrfha mrudrA: idCId;a lr.ekSu i|yd kd.lfha fjfik ishu wvq wdodh,dNSka jvd
fyd|ska odhl lr.ekSug W;aidy lsu fuu jHdmD;sfha m%Odk wruqK f'

ta i|yd my;

lafjk wkq wruqKq u.ska iydh ,nd .ekSug wfmaCId flfrA'

iykdOdr udkislFjfhka uqod .ekSu

iaj Yla;sh f.dv ke.Sug fhduq lsu

iuDoa jevigyk ms<sn|j we;s rAu; yd Yajdi relr Yajdifhka hq;= jQ idudl msila
f.dvk.d .ekSu'

iudc Iudpdr yd mqrej,ska j,lajd mjq, ;=< iykodhs jd;djrkhla ia:dms; lsu

O kqj;a ls jeys wOHdmk l%uhla f,i jHdma; lsu

rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj,ska fuu m%cdjka fj; ,eh hq;= fiajdjka lkka ,ndu

Tjqkag kg jvd fyd| wdrA:sl yd idudl jk rgdjla ,ndu

l%shd;aul jk wdldrh
fuu wruqKq imqrd .ekSu i|yd Y%S ,xld iudc fiajd oHd,h u.ska mqyqKq l< iudc fiajd
maf,daud,dNSka msilf.a iydh ,ndf.k we;'

Tjqka jir foll ld,hla i|yd n|jd f.k

ykd.;a kd.l j;= l,dmj,g wkqhqla; flfrA'

fuu whf.ka wfmaCIs; ldrAh jkafka ,nd.;a

kqu yd fCIa;% w;alS Wmfhda.S lrf.k iuDoa ks,Odka yd taldnoaOj lghq;= lrka

m%cdjka

ixOdkh lr.kska wruqKq bgqlr.eksug iajdkj l%shdld lruhs'

fuu jHdmD;sh fuu jifrA fkdjenrA ui m<uqjk k wdrN l< w;r th jir foll ld,hlg
l%shd;aul lsug ksh;h'

3'9

wf, ixjrAOk jevigyk

ye|skau
iuDoa ixjrAOk jevigyk ;=< l%shd;aul jk O Kh fhdackd l%u" lDIsldrAl" i;a;aj md,k yd
jr" lrAudka;" jD;a;Sh mqyqKq" jHjidh ixjrAOk hk O jevigyka fukau nexl= ix. ;=<ska
,ndug kshl O Kh myiql ;=<ska wfmaCIs; wjidk wruqKq w;r jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka wvq
wdodh,dNS mjq,aj, wdrA:slh ;=< lsish NdKav fyda fiajdjka ksIamdokh lsug fhduq lsuhs'
Tjqkaf.a wdrA:sl Yla;s jrAOkh iy jk ugu by< kexu hk wruqKq ;=< iuia: iuDoa
jevigykska wvq wdodh,dNSka ;=<ska tl;= lrkq ,nk ksIamdok NdKav yd fiajdjka wf, lsu
i|yd wf,lrK h;, myiql ixjrAOkh lsu ms<sn|j fYaI wjOdkh fhduq h hq;=h'
iuDoa jevigyfkys iEu wxYhlskau tl;= lrkq ,nk ksIamdok yd fiajdjka wf, lsu i|yd
fYaIs;jQ fj<|m, h;, myiql je oshqKq lsu yd wdrN lsu wf, ixjrAOk jevigyk
u.ska is flfrA'
45

wruqKq
iuDoa wf, ixjrAOk jevigyk l%shdjg kexf uQ,sl wruqKq my; laf'

fYaIfhkau lDIsldrAl ksIamok we;=,;a O ksIamdok i|yd wvq wdodh,dNSkag iy f.dkag

idOdrK ,la ,nd .ekSug;a mdfNda.slhskag idOdrK ,lg fyd| ;;a;ajfha NdKav ,
.ekSug;a yelsjk m wvq wdodh,dNSkag fYaIs;jQ fj<|m, myiql ,ndu i|yd mj;akd
fj<|m, h;, myiql jehqKq lsu iy wdrN lsu'

cd;sl wdrA:slh ;=< f.fhka jrAOkh jk fj<|m, fCIa;%h ;=< wvq wdodh,dNS mjq,a i|yd
wf, lrk jHdmD;s ;=<ska iajhx /lshd nyq, lsu'

wvq wdodh,dNSka i;=" Tjqka iska md,kh lrk l=vd fj<|m, ixOdkh lsfuka iy Yla;su;a
lsfuka miqj wka;rA ia;%sla lDIs ksIamdok yqjudre jevms<sfj,la wdrN lsu i|yd wdorAY
jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsu'

fYaIfhkau lDIs ksIamdok weiqre

ms<sn| mj;sk im%odhsl l%u ksid m%jdykfha isjk

wm;h yd kdia;sh wju lsu ;=<ska tys jdish f.dhdg;a mdfNda.slhdg;a ,efnk m wdorAY
jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsu ;=<ska kj weiqre l%u ykajdu'
by; wruqKq bgqlr .ekSu i|yd my; i|yka wf, ixjrAOk l%ufo l%shdjg kexf'
1'

i;s fmd<j,a wdrN lsu $ klrKh lsu

2'

l=vd fj<|ie,a $ l=Kq uOHia:dk wdrN lsu

3'

wka;rA ia;%sla lDIs yqjudre jevigyka

4'

cx.u fj<| jHdmD;s ^fj<| l=$ r:&

5'

wf,lrK keUqrejla iys; iajhx /lshd we;s lsu

6'

wf, m%jrAOk myiql iemhSu yd fj<| m%orAYk meje;au

7'

ia;%sla wf, uOHia:dk wdrN lsu'

m%;smdok
1999 jirg ksh; jevigyka i|yd wf, ixjrAOk wxYh fj; ,nd we;s uq uqo, remsh,a
,shk 10 ls' th tla tla jevigyka i|yd jeh jQ wkqou my; laf'
i;sfmd< i|yd
5'06
cx.u wf, r: i|yd 1'55
wf, ie,a i|yd
mqyqKq jevuq i|yd

1'94
1'42

i;s fmd<j,a wdrN lsu yd klrKh lsu

ksIamdolhska i|yd ;u ksIamdokhg idOdrK ,la fkd,eu cd;sl ugf .egjla njg m;a
;sf'

fYaIfhkau my< ugf iy uOHu ugf ksIamdolhka f hgf;a fYaIfhkau vdjg

m;af'

f ;;a;ajfhka ksIamdolhd uqojd .ekSu;a ;u ksIamdok w;ruehkaf.ka f;drj fj<|m,g

ykajdf wjia:djka wf, jevigyka ;=<ska l%shdjg kexf'

tfukau mdfNda.slhkaf.a ffoksl

wjYH;d idOdrk ,lg fkd,eu ishu wvq wdodh ,nk mdfNda.slhkaf.a .egjhs'

wf,

ixjrAOk jevigyk hgf;a ksIamdolhdg wf,lrk l%shdjg uey;au ksid idOdrk ,lg NdKav

46

,nd .ekSf wjia:dj mdfNda.slhdg ys ;sf'

f hgf;a Odldrfha fj<|fmd,j,a l%shd;aul

f'

fmd,a w;= iy jg mrd, fhdod ilia lrkq ,enQ idm%odhsl i;s fmd<j,a

kd.l m%foaYj, m%Odk udrA. fomi mj;ajdf.k hk kd.l fj<|m, b,lal lr.;a fYaI
fj<|l f,i ilia l<" CIKslj .,jd bj;a l< yels i;sfmd<j,a

ia:sr f.dvke.s,s iys;j mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk i;sfmd<j,a

m<d;a md,k wdh;k kg mj;ajdf.k hk i;sfmd<j,a ;=< iuDoa m%;s,dNSka i|yd fYaI
fj<|l= ,ndu

fgkavrA u.ska i;sfmd< ,ndf.k iuDoa m%;s,dNSkag fYaI iajhx /lshd iy wf, wjia:d
,ndu

m%;s,dNSkaf.a ksIamdok wf,h i|yd Tjqka muKla yuqjk m%dfoaYsh f,al fldGdYh" nexl=
ix.uh wdY%s;j mj;ajk fj<|m,j,a

iss;s fmd<j,a

ia;%sla cx.u i;sfmd<j,a

rd;%s i;sfmd<j,a

iEu i;s fmd<lskau wvq wdodh,dNS mjq,a i|yd iajhx /lshd wjia:d 35-150 ;a w;r m%udKhla
Wodf'

f wkqj i;sfmd< l%uh iajhx /lshd ,ndu w;ska Yla;su;a l%uhla nj ms,s .efkk w;r

f hgf;a kg iajhx /lshd 7000 la muK we;s ;sf'

1999 jir wjika jk g .%dh i;sfmd<j,a 2025 la muK wf;ka wdrN lr we;'
2'

l=vd fj<|ie,a $ l=Kq uOHia:dk wdrN lsu

kg wdrN lr we;s l=vd fj<| ie,a $ l=Kq uOHia:dk fCI;% w;alS u; my; i|yka m
jrA.

l< yelsh'

f i|yd ish Wmfoia ,ndfok w;r fuu fj<|ie,a Rcqju m%;s,dNSka mj;ajd

f.k hkq ,nk fm!oa.,sl jHjidh iajNdjhla mj;S'

l=vd lKavdh fj<|ie,a

l=vd lKavdh lSmhla tl;= mdfNda.sl jH , f.k Tjqfkdjqka w;frA fnod yef fj<|ie,a'

l=vd i;s fj<|ie,a

m%;s,dNska 20-30 l lKavdhula tl;= i;shla jYfhka ixOdkh mdfNda.sl jH , f.k

fnod yef fj<|ie,a

iajhx /lshd fj<|ie,a

iuDoa Kh jevigyka hgf;a Kh ,ndf.k wdrN lrk l=vd fj<|ie,a

nexl= fj<|ie,a

47

iuDoa nexl= ix.uh wdY%s;j ia:sr f.dvke.s,a,l m%;s,dNsfhl= fyda l=vd lKavdhula mj;ajd f.k
hkq ,nk fj<|ie,a

iykdOdr fj<|ie,a

iykdOdr fnu rAj, ia:dkj, h uqoaor m%udKhla ,nd m%;s,dNSka iska mj;ajd f.k hk
fj<|ie,a jYfhka ixOdkh l< l=Kq uOHia:dk

i;sfmd< fj<|ie,a ^i;sfmd<j,a wdY%s; ia:sr fj<|ie,a&

fuu .%dh fj<|ie,a l%uh o wf, jevigyka hgf;a l%shdjg kexfjk jeo.;a jHdmD;s fYaI hls'
nexl= ix. fj<|ie,a l%uh u.ska jhsk mqrd fj<|ie,a 1000 la nexl= ix. wdY%s;j l%shd;aul
fjka mj;S'

f ;=<ska o iajhx /lshd wjia:d 1000 lg wdikak m%udKhla ys we;'

wu;rj iuDoa m%;s,dNSka ;=<skau kj jHdmdl m%cdjla ysu f jevigyfka olakg we;s jeo.;au
,CIKhls'
3'

wka;rA ia;%sla lDIs yqjudre jevigyk

wka;rA ia;%sla lDIs yqjudre jevigyk hgf;a kg t<j ksIamdokh flfrk m%dfoaYSh f,al
fldGdYj, tu ksIamdok" t<j ksIamdokh fkdlrk m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYj,g Rcqju iemhSu
;=<ska

fldGdYh ;=< ksIamdok NdKav yqjudrej ksid ksIamdolhdg ;u ksIamdokhg by< ,la

,nd.ekSug iy mdfNda.slhdg iyk ,lg NdKav ,nd .ekSug yelshdj ,e we;'

hgf;a we;sjk iajhx /lshd m%udKh by< ugul mj;S'

Bg wu;rj ta

f jHdmD;sfhau ;j;a wx.hla f,i

ia;%sla wf, uOHia:dk ia:dmkh lsu fmkah yelsh'

4'

cx.u fj<| jHdmD;s

w;ayod ne,Sf jHdmD;shla f,iska l%shdjg kexfjk iuDoa iyk cx.u fj<|ie,a l%uh o fuu
jevigyfkys ;j;a iqfYaI wx.hls'

f u.ska wvq wdodh,dNs mjq,aj,g iyk /ila ,ef'

iyk ,g NdKav ,nd.ekSug wjia:dj ie,isu

ish ksIamdok wf, lr.ekSug wjia:dj ie,iSu

/lshd wjia:d ie,iSu

Wiia ksudjlska hq;a cx.u l=Kq uOHia:dkhla fhdod .; yels ;rldrS fj<|m,g .e,fmk
lr;a; fYaIhla f hgf;a ykajd we;'

b;du;au ckm%sh ia:dkj, k.rj," wd.l ia:dkj,

yd fjk;a ckdlSrAK ia:dkj, fuu cx.u fj<|ie,a l%uh l%shd;aul lrkq ,ef'
f hgf;a kg cx.u fj<| r: 86 la muK ,nd ug kg lghq;= lr we;'

48

wf,lrK keUqrejla iys; iajhx /lshd we;s lsu

wf, ixjrAOk jevigyk l%shdjg kexu u.ska ksIamdokh flfrk O mkakfha NdKav yd lDIs
ksIamdokhka i|yd ia:djr fj<| fmd<la

ksrAudKh fuka wk;=rej tu fj<|m,g myiqfjka

msiSug ta ta mqoa.,hdg Tyqf.a iqfYaI oCI;d wkqj jvd;au .e,fmk jHdmD;sh f;dard .ekSu
.egjla h yelsh'

tjeks wjia:djl wjYH WmfoaYl fiajd iemhSu fuu.ska wfmaCId flfrA'

ta

wkqj mqoa.,hdg .e,fmk Tyq i;= oCI;d" im;a yd wdl,amj,g W; jHdmD;sh f;dard .ekSf
wjia:dj i,id fokq ,ef'

;jo wuqjH fidhd .ekSu ms<sn| Ialr;djkaf.ka f;dr m<d;a yd

m%foaY i|yd ta ta ;ekaj,g jvd;au iqiq ksIamdok jHdmD;sh fyda j.d jHdmD;Ska ksjerj ykd
.ekSu o fuys isf'
6'

iajhx /lshdjkays jrAOkhla we;s lsug o fuu.ska wfmaCId flfrA'

wf, m%jrAOk myiql ie,isu yd wf, m%orAYk meje;au

lsish ksIamdok l%shdj,shlg we;= isk iuDoa m%;s,dNS iq ksIamdolhdg uqyqK mEug isjk
we;e wjysr;d wju lsug Wmld u wf, m%jrAOk myiql iemhSu hgf;a l%shdjg kexf'

ta

ta ksIamdok i|yd wjYH kj mkakfha O weiqre jrA." f,an,a imhd u" m%pdrk yd m%pdrk
myiql ie,iSu flfrA fuys fYaI wjOdkh fhduq flfrA'

fj<|mf,a mj;sk ;rldrAS

ksIamdokj,g wkqrEmj ;u ksIamdokfha by< .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh wdrCId lr.ekSug wjYH

;dCIKsl wjfndaOh ,ndu o" m%orAYk ugulska hq;=j NdKav fj<|m,g bm;a lsf kj;u
l%u ms<sn| jegySula ,ndu o f hgf;a isf'
wf, ixjrAOk jevigyk fufia mq,a fCIa;%hla mqrd me;sr hdu;a iu ta yd nekq inkaO;d
rdYshla f'

lDIslrAuh yd i;a;aj md,kh

lrAudka; jHdmD;s mqyqKqj yd iajhx /lshd

nexl= yd rCIK lghq;=

iudc ixjrAOkh

m%cd ixjrAOkh yd h;, myiql

wf, ixjrAOkh

fuu idOl yd tlajQ miq ksIamdok M,odhs;dj by< ugulg meKs g wf, m%jrAOkh i|yd
fj<| m%orAYkhla meje;au flfrao wjOdkh fhduq fjka mj;s'
idCIr;d jevigyk

iudc ixjrAOk wxYh wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha fkdu;a wOHdmk tallh yd inkaO f,dal
idCIr;d kh fjkqfjka fYaI jevigyka /ila l%shd;aul lsug lghq;= lrk ,'

f i|yd

fYaI jevigyka folla 1997 iy 1999 hk jir fflys l%shd;aul lrk ,'
jhi wjqre 6 ) 15 ;a w;d mdie,a fkdhk jhfia <uqka mdie,aj,g we;=,;a lsu f hgf;a
l%shd;aul jQ m%Odku jevigykhs'

uQ,sl iCIKhla weiqfrka fidhd .;a f;dr;=rej,g wkqj mdie,a

49

fkdhk jhgia <uqka isug m%Odk fya;= lsmhla n,md we;s nj fmfka'

Wmamekak iy;sl fkdue;su"

foudmsh /ljrKh wys u" wdrA:sl Ialr;d yd fjk;a iudh fya;= fuhg n,md we;s nj fmfka'
fldGdY ugka l%shd;aul lrk ,o jevigyka w;r kqj;a lsf jevigyka" idCIr;d mx;s
meje;au" odYHdnd; yd ukaonqoal orejka fYaI wOHdmk tallj,g fhduq lsu" mdie,a WmlrK
fnod u" mdie,a wOHdmkfha jeo.;alu fmkajd fok foaYk yd iuka;%k ixOdkh" mdie,a hdug
wlue;s <uqka i|yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,dj,g fhduq lsu" <ud mqia;ld, yd <ud iudc msysgqu
yd Wmamekak iy;sl fkdue;s orejka i|yd Wmamekak iy;sl ,ndug lghq;= lsu fmkajd h
yelsh'
g wu;rj jeys wOHdmk jevigyka o l%shd;aul lrk ,'

f jevigyka hgf;a mdie,aj,g

we;=,;a lrk ,o <uqka ms<sn| ia;r weuqKq wxl 04 ys laf'

3'10 fufyhq yd we.ehq lghq;=

3'10'1 iuDoa jevigyk wdY%s; o;a; /ialsu
l,dm ugu" m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY ugu" ia;%sla ugu yd cd;sl ugu olajd iuDoa
jevigyk hgf;a flfrk O jHdmD;sj, m%.;sh iudf,dapkh lsrSug wjYH o;a; udislj
,nd.ekSu yd ilia lsug lghq;= lr we;' f hgf;a iuDoa iykdOdr" wksjdrAh b;s ls" iudc
wdrCIKh" kshdul rCIKh" m%cd jHdmD;s" m%cd ixOdk yd wfkl=;a jevigyka ms<sn| f;dr;=re
udislj ,nd.ekSug lghq;= fhdod we;' iuDoa jevigyfkys mmd,k yd l<uKdlrk ugka fuu
f;dr;=re /ialsu islrkq ,nk w;r" ta i|yd wod, ixOdk jHqyh 57 msgqfjys olajd we;'
3'10'2 m%.;s iudf,dapk /ia
cd;sl ugka iyldr iuDoa flduidiajrekaf.a /ia iEu udihlu mj;ajd we;' fuu
jevigyk uska b jevigyka jvd;a M,odhS wkaoka l%shd;aul lsu i|yd ;SrK .ekSu;a"
fuf;la lrk ,o jevigykaj, m%.;sh iudf,dapkh lsu;a islrkq ,ef'
ia;%sla iyldr iuDoa flduidiajrekaf.a /iaug wu;r jYfhka ia;%slalj, m%.;s md,k
lghq;=j,g inkaO l<uKdlrejkaf.a udisl /iaula meje;afjk w;r tu.ska iuDoa jevigyk
ms<sn|j idlPd lsu;a o;a; ,nd.ekSf u;=jk .eg yd ksjer f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu ms<sn|j
jevigyk ldrAhCIuj mj;ajd .ekSf Wmdh udrA. idlPd lsu;a isflfrA'
ia;%sla lsysmhla taldnoaO fldg mj;ajkq ,nk wka;rA ia;sl
% a m%.;s iudf,dapk jevuq 08 la mj;ajd
we;s w;r tuska ia;%sla ks,Odka w;r w;alS yd woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug wjia:dj i,id
ula islrkq ,ef'
iEu ia;%slalhlu ia;%sla f,al;=udf.a m%Odk;ajfhka iyldr iuDoa flduidia" ia;%slalfha ishu
m%dfoaYsh f,ljreka yd l<uKdlrejka i|yd ff;%udisl m%.;s iudf,dapk jevigykla mj;ajkq
,ef' fuu jrAIfha jevigyka 16 la mj;ajd we;s w;r tuska ia;%slalh ;=< mj;sk .eg
50

ykd.ekSug yd m%dfoaYsh f,al fldGdY w;r woyia yd w;alS yqjudre lr .ekSug wjia:dj
i,id ula islrkq ,ef'
3'10'3 ksrAudK lj (Quality Circles)
iuDoa jevigyk ldrAhCIuj yd M,odhSj mj;ajdf.k hdf wruqKska iuDoa l<uKdlrejkag yd
kshdulhskag ksrAudK lj l%shdj,sh ykajd l%shd;aul lsug wjYH Wmfoia yd ufmka ,nd u
wjika lr we;s w;r m%Odk ldrAhd,fha iEu wxYhlu ksrAudK ljhla ne.ska msysgqjd we;'
3'10'4 l,dm ksCIK jevigyk
iuDoa ixjrAOk jevigyk hgf;a lrk ,o O ixjrAOk jevigykaj, .=Kd;aul yd m%udKd;aul
m%.;sh l,dm ugka fidhd ne,Su fuu jevigykska wruqKq flfrA'
ta wkqj m%Odk jYfhka"
1. iuDoa nexl= ix.j,ska .%dh ck;djg bgq we;s fiajdjka fidhd ne,Su
2. iudoa

ixjrAOk

jevigyk

uska

l%shd;aul

l<

iy

l%shd;aul

fjka

mj;sk

Kh

jevigykaj,ska m%;s,dNS ck;dj ,nd we;s m%.;sh fidhd ne,Su

3. m%cd jHdmD;s jevigyka j,ska .%dh m%foaYj,g w;a ;sfnk m%;s,dN ;lafiare lsu
4. lDIs yd jr jevigykaj, m%.;Ska fidhd ne,Su
5. Y%u iQCIu jHdmD;s uska .%dh m%foaYj, we;s we;s m%.;sh ;lafiare lsu
6. iuDoa flduidia ckrd,a fomdrA;fka;=j uska islrkq ,nk Y%u iQCIu je jevigyfka
m%.;sh fidhd ne,Su
7. iudc wdrCIK jevigyk uska ck;djg ,e we;s iykhka we.hSu
8. m%dfoaYSh jYfhka m%Odk ldrAhd,hg .,d tk f;dr;=rej, ksjer;djh fidhd ne,Su
9. iuDoa iykdOdr iqiql u; fnod yer we;ahs fidhd ne,Su
10. wdodh W;amdok jHdmD;sj, m%;s,dN we.hSu
hk lreKq bgq flfrA' f i|yd fYaIfhka mqyqKq lr we;s l<uKdlrejka lKavdh fCIa;%
ksCIK pdld i|yd fhdojd we;'
3'10'5 iuDoa l,dm ugf m%.;sh we.hSf jevigyk
m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY ugka l,dm l<uKdlrejka yd uQ,ia:dk l<uKdlrejkaf.a ldrAhh
idOkh wd.hSu fuu jevigykska wfmaCId flfrA' 1998 jrAIfha wdrN l< fuu jevigyk uska
tu l,dmj, m%.;sh we.hSug ,lalrk w;r 1998 jrAIfha wjidkfha isg ldrA;=uh jYfhka m%.;sh
we.hSf jevigykla ia;%sla ugka l%shd;aul lsug lghq;= lr we;' ta wkqj l,dmh ;=,
isflfrk ixjrAOk jevigyka iy iuDoa wOsldh u.ska ,ndfok ,o pl%f,aLj,g mndysrj
iajdkj lrk ,o ixjrAOk lghq;= ms<sn|j idlPd flfrA' 1998 jrAIh wjika jk g ia;sl
% a
ish,af,ysu m%.;sh we.hSf jevigyka l%shd;aul lr we;' fuuska m%udKd;aul o;a;j,g wu;rj
.=Kd;aul o;a; ,nd.ekSuo is flfrA'

51