12

xmss[aSV / D][gSV

_{ | m+ b>yT
LS BszqsW Amns NS @Li` \|qss=
(=, zmsds.. FsLiC FgSsV=[ xmss[aSNRPV
RLRixqsVV N][LRiV][Lij.
NSL mx q V: zmsds, g][y, \|RLS`
BL lg [ ` F L C
gR L : NRPLixmspL`i \|qss= (BslLi[xtsQs
|qsNRPWLji |qsxtsQ\[xtsQs][)
@L>R R : sWRsVN`P=, zmnsN`P= xqsNRPV][
dFs{qs=/ RR=sWsLi Rjs DLiy.
A \ Lj }q xt NR V Lj [k : s[V 20

FLC
gS V: WNS, ZNPsVNRP, zqss (|qsxtsQ\[xtsQsV: xqsNRPLRi,
s=FlLi[xtsQs, BsFnyxqsNRPL`i zqsxqssV=, NRPsVWsZNP[xtsQs, \sVN][FsNSsN`P=, xmssL`i
FsNSsN`P= @Li` \s, FsLi` zqsxqssV=, RLRi BLidsLjiLig`i, T\s,
sWsVFnyNRPLjiLig`i zqsxqssV=, NRPLixmspL`i \|qss=, sVNSsNRP, rymns s[L`i zqsxqssV=.
F L .FnyLS
gS V: FsLi.FnyLS, FnyLSxqsWN`P=, FnyLSxqsWNRP ZNPsV{qs.
@L>R R :xqsLiLijR sgRiLi[ =[ BLilgi[` L`i Tgki [y RR=sWs
DdLRiR.
F L zm NR : {qsd (NRPLixmspL`ic[qs As\s qs) y*LS.
A \ Lj }q xt NR V Lj [k : s[V 19
{m | ` U (xmn o\ V, FyL` \ V)
gS V: WNRP |qss^=qs, ZNPsVNRP BLidsLjiLig`i, ZNPsV{qs, zqss,
{qsFsqsHFsqs, CCC, xsWsqs @Li` rxtsQ |qss^=qs, FsNRPssVN`P= @Li`
\|mnsys=, s[Vs[sVLi, sWRsVN`P=, sVNSsNRP, FnyLRi{qs, zmnsN`P=.
@L>R R : N][LRiV=sV xqsLiLijR [y @sVLiR sgRiLi[ L`i/sWxqsL`i
DdLRiR.
R LR xq V {q *NR LR NR V Lj [k : s[V 18
xmspLji ssLSV s\|qs[ RWRsRV.
s\|qs: www.bitsadmission.com

{{& y< bsX\ |yX\

<sUdT\ Vq+
LR V V :
VgRiV
LSuy[s U s[R FyhRi
aS[ 2016c2017 sy
xqsLisR=LRiLi xmss[aSNRPV RLRi
xqsVV A*srLij. NUPxqsLRi
gRiV, VNRPWLRiV, H.dsV sLRiLi,
sRVsgRiLRiLi, sLiR, N][x
msN]LiR[s s[R FyhRiaS[ xmss[aSVLiLiVV. sLjixtsQ sRVxqsV, syL>RiRV, xmsos[k
LRiVso P[}qs RVsxmsy sNRPV, r~LiR LRiVysW][ NRPWTs FxqsV NSLRiVsV RP[zqs s[V
31 [xmso xmsLiFys UU xms xqsLiLiy sgRiLi J xmsNRPs[ N][LjiLij. LRiVlgi[*RLi
xqsNRPaS, aRPVNRP RVlLi[*RLicNS*aS, rysVs[RLic LSRVdsRV aS, NRPXxtsQ
RVlLi[*RLic\LkiRVaS N][LRiV= NSxmsLjisV 12 xqsLisR=LSV, ARLRi*s[RLic
afsNRPaS NSxmsLjisV 7 xqsLisR=LSV. C N][LRiV=[ P[lLi[ syLRiVV 5s RLRigRi
DdLRiV\ 2004 \ 1 sVLi 2006 s 30 sVR sLi DLiy. BNRP @xmsxqsLi
FLRizRLi, \ZaPygRisVLi. FyLiRLSygRisVLi, js xmsLiRLi N][LRiV= NS xmsLjisV 8
xqsLisR=LSV. C N][LRiV=[ P[LRiRRVNRPVs syLRiVV 01c07c2002 sVLi
30c06c2004 sVR sLi, G][ RLRigRi syL>RiR NRPgji DLiy. IN][ s[R syLjiNTP
LRiW.3 ORPQV, IN]NRP xmsLiR, AgRisV, ryLRi syLjiNTP LRiW.ORPQ LiNRPV[ TFy
P[zqs, N][LRiV= xmspLjiNSgSs[ sU][ NRPzms sVVRLi syLjiNTP ryLRiV. BRLRi ssLSNRPV
www.tirumala.org [y www.tirupati.org
U s\|qsNRPV xqsLixmsjLiRsRV.
ARW s[RFyhRiaS LRiVysWV:
NU qx LR gR V : zmss=Fy, Fsqsds s[R xqsLixqsXR FyhRiaS, NUPxqsLRigRiV, NUPxqsLRi sVLiRLi,
LRiLigSlLiT c501301 c |qs sLiLRiV: 8790720410
H.d V LR L : zmss=Fy, Fsqsds s[RFyhRiaS, H.dsVsLRiLi, ANTPdsRV sVLiRLi,
xmsbPsVg][ysLji, 534235 c |qs sLiLRiV 9848355906
VNR WLR V: zmss=Fy, Fsqsds s[RFyhRiaS, VNRPWLRiV FxqsV, sWLiVVLi`
sVLiRLi, LRiLigSlLiT c501504, |qs: 8790720460
R V gR LR L : zm s=Fy, Fsqsds s[RaS, bdPsVR LSsWRV FyLigRiLi,
LSsVyLSRV ryLjiNS RgRiLRi, sRVsgRiLRiLi c535004, |qs: 8790720460
L R :zmss=Fy, Fsqsds s[R FyhRiaS, FsFsLiAL`iFsqsFsd{qs NSLixmsqs, FysgRi,
LSsVgjiLji, sLiR c508002, |qs: 9866862395
N][ mx N]L R : zmss=Fy, Fsqsds s[RFyhRiaS, N][xmsN]LiR, sRW xqsRVNRPWLRiV,
gRiVsRVFyLi FxqsV, gRiVLiWLRiV c522540, |qs: 9000527367.

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m;mdt U\ u
BszqsW Amns sL`i @Li`
RVLki |qss^=qs (HFsdFsqs) ssR
d LkiNTP RLRixqsVV N][LRiV][Lij.
FxqsV ssLSV...
F~|mnsxqsL`i (@zqs|qsLi, @TxtsQs,
@rzqs[V): 22
{qssRVL`i NRPs=Li (sFny): 1
lLiTLi sVTNRP A{mnsxqsL`i: 4
sRVL`i NTPsNRP RV
N][ ALjis[L`i: 1
` LiN`P A{mnsxqsL`i: 1
{qssRVL`i NTPsNRP RV N][
ALjis[L`i/FszmsTsVRWxq`s/ xmsN`P | |qsxtsQqs : 1
Txmsp |` (xmslLi[): 1
s[Vs[L`i: 3
zmnszqsqs : 1
s[Vs[L`i (Txmsp, @zqs|qsLi): 3
[LRiL`i |qsNRPWLji FnL`i= (dFsqsFsmns)[s
NRPsVWsZNP[xtsQs @Li` H \lLiNRPL`i NRPsVWsZNP[xtsQs
sgRiLi[ [aRPyxmsLigS dgS Ds |`
NSs}qsV, @zqs|qsLi xqs Bs|qsNRPL`i (GFsqsH)
FxqsV LkiNTP ssR [s[ sszqsxqsVs @L>RiV\s
xmsoLRiVxtsQ, sVz @LRiV sVLi RLRixqsVsV
A*sxqsVsj. C FxqsVsV 60 aSRLi \lLiN`P
LjiNRPWsVLi y*LS 40 aSRLi TFyL`isVLi
(dFsqsFsmns) y*LS Lki P[ryLRiV.
ssLSV: [LRiL`i |qsNRPWLji FL`i=
LRiR[aRP HRV ryRVVR Fdqs R[ INRP.
ks T|qsLiL`i 1, 1965s GLSV P[aSLRiV.
sVVRLi d xqsLi c622
|` NSs}qsV (AL`iJ) c152 FxqsVV
(sLRi c76, Jd{qsc41, Fs{qs=c23, Fs{qs
c12)
}m }q : LRiW.5,200 c20,200 xmsqs lgi[` }ms
LRiW.2,400 BRLRi UG, lLi[xtsQs @ss=V, |qsxtsQ
@ss=, |`AL`iG RjRLSV DLiLiVV.
@zqs|qsLi xqs Bs|qsNRPL`i (AL`iFssV) c470
FxqsVV (sLRic323, Jd{qs 30, Fs{qs= 52, Fs{qs
65)
}m }q : LRiW.5,200 c20,200 xmsqs lgi[`
LRiW.2,800 BRLRi UG, lLi[xtsQs @ss=V, |qsxtsQ
@ss=, |`AL`iG RjRLSV DLiLiVV.
Q@L>RiRV:
@zq |q L xq B |q NR L` (AL` F V):
gRiVLjiLixmso F~Lijs xqsLixqs/[LRiV sVLi xms][
RLRigRi][FyV sVW[LiR TF~sW BLids
LjiLig`i (lLi[TW @Li` ds NS, FsNSsN`P=,
d NRPsVWsZNP[xtsQs, NRPLixmspL`i, FsNTPNRP,
sVNSsNRP, ]sVzqsN`P H|ms|qsqs)[ DdLRiR [y
BLiLkiTV (sWRsVN`P=, zmnsN`P=, ZNPsV
{qs)[ 50 aSRLi sWLRiVV / RR=sWs xmsLki
ORPQ[ DdLRiR.
| ` NS }q V (AL` J): gRiVLjiLixmso F~Lijs
xqsLixqs/ [LRiV sVLi sVNRPV[xtsQs][ FyV
lLi[TW @Li` ds/ FsNSsN`P= sVLi BLi
R{qsRV \LiVVsLig`i BszqsW xqsLjizmnsZNP
(HH) sV NRPgji DLiy [y BLiLkiTV
(sWRsVN`P=, zmnsN`P=, ZNPsV{qs) xmsLkiORPQ[
DdLRiR.
R Vxq V=: 2016, \ 15 yNTP 18c25
GLiR sVR DLiy. Fs{qs=, Fs{qsNRPV H[LiRV,
Jd{qsNRPV sVW[LiRV sWxmsLjisV[
xqsRLixmso DLiVLij.
aSLk LR NR xm W V: FsRV
xm oLR Vxt @ LR V V c168 |q L .d V, yd : 80
|qsLi.dsV, gS {mssxmsVRV 5 |qsLi.dsV.
yN][Liy (80 |qsLi.dsV.c85 |qsLi.dsV)
sVz @LRiVV c157 |qs.dsV.
LR V o: \sR xmssW xmsNSLRiLi FsRV,
sRVxqsV=NRPV ysWuygS DLiy.
NR L R Wxm o: 6/6, 6/9 NRPLi RWxmso

2 yT 2016

D][gSV

dmns NTPNRP FsgjiNRPWs : 1

sRVL`i BLidsL`i : 1
NUPztsQRVL`i ({qssRVL`i): 2
gSqs sVLiVVs Fn AxmslLi[L`i NRPsV sRVL`i
NUPztsQRVs: 1
FsgjiNRPWs ({qssRVL`i, sRVL`i): 6
NTPNRP FsgjiNRPWs: 1
sL`i=/sRVL`i sL`i=: 40
}msxtsQLi ZNP[L`i FsgjiNRPWs: 98
rymns @zqs|qsLi: 25
sRVL`i rymns @zqs|qsLi: 22
sRVL`i }msxtsQLi ZNP[L`i FsgjiNRPWs: 75
sRVL`i NTPNRP FsgjiNRPWs: 3
RLRixqsV {qs*NRPLRiNRPV sLji [k: s 15
xmspLji ssLSNRPV s\|qs[ RW]RV.
s\|qs: ww

;mdtm|t 622 bdT\T

DLiy. lLi[dNRP, NRPL`i Li`sqs DLiRNRPWRRV.

@zm ZN [xt {mn : 50 (Fs{qs=, Fs{qs, dFsqsFsmns
D][gRiVV, sVz @LRiVNRPV FsLi {mns
[RV)
F L zm NR : LSR xmsLkiORPQ, zmnsNRP ryLiRL`i qs
y*LS.
FsLizmsNRP lLiLiRV RaRP[ LRiVgRiVRVLij
sVVR RaRP JFssVAL`i [qs {qssLig`i qs,
Tzqszmss qs
lLiLiRs RaRP {msFsqs, {msC,
yNRPsVLi[xtsQs, \|mnssgS sVTNRP FsgSsV qs
DLiVLij.
}q 1 (LSR mx Lk OR )
LSR xmsLkiORPQ lLiLiRV FyL`iVgS DLiVLij.
sVVRj JFssVAL`i [qs {qssLig`i qs
(|qs|msLiL`i 25, 2016)
lLiLiRsj Tzqszmss qs (18 T|qsLiL`i,
2016) DLiVLij.
LSR xmsLkiORPQ[ sVVRLi 100 xmsaRPV c200
sWLRiVVNRPVgSsV 2 gRiLi xqssVRWs
ZNP[LiVVLiyLRiV.
JFssVAL`i qs {qssLig`i qs[ zmnsN`P= c50
sWLRiVV, sWRsVN`P= c50 sWLRiVV,
ZNPsV{qs c50 sWLRiVV, BLigjitsQ @Li` sLRi
y`c50 sWLRiVV ]xmsVs xms sgRiLi
sVLi sryLiVV. xms xmsaRPNRPV 2 sWLRiVsV
ZNP[LiVVLiyLRiV.
xms RxmsV xqssWyysNTP 0.50 sWLRiVV

RgjiryLRiV
C xmsLkiORPQ[ sLRi/Jd{qs @LRiVV 38
aSRLi sWLRiVV, Fs{qs=, Fs{qs @LRiVNRPV 33
aSRLi sWLRiVsV ryjLiy.
C xmsLkiORPQ[ DdLRiV\s @LRiVsV
sWRs[V Tzqszmss qsNRPV @sVsVryLRiV.
Tzqszmss qs (FyL`i cG) cBLiL`i
ryLiVV[s zmnsN`P=, sWRsVN`P=, ZNPsV{qs
xqsN`P sVLi yxqsLRiWxmsLi[ 100 sWLRiVNRPV
xqssWyyV LSRW.
Tzqszmss qs (FyL`i c)[ c100
sWLRiVV. Bj TZNP[xtsQs qs (BLigjitsQ \lLiLig`i)NRPV
xqsLiLijLisj ks[ NRPWy sLRi, Jd{qs
@LRiVV 38 aSRLi, Fs{qs=, Fs{qs, 33 sWLRiVsV
ryjLiy.
}q 2 {m F q , {m C
zmssVsLki {qssLig`i qs[ FsRV, yd,
LRiVsosV N]VryLRiV
{msC[ gRiLigS cxmsoLRiVxtsQ @LRiVV 6.5
ssVuy[ 1.6 NTP.dsV, sVz @LRiVV 4
ssVuy[ 800 dsV. RWLSs xmspLjiP[RW.
Lig`i Lims xmsoLRiVxtsQ @LRiVV 1.2 dsV.,
sVz @LRiVV 3 {mnsV sVWRV ys=[
xmspLji P[RW.
\|ms @s xmsLkiORPQ[ NS*\|mns @LiVVsyLjiNTP
\sRxmsLkiORPQsV sLRi*zryLRiV.
R LR xq V: As\s y*LS
sVV\sVs [kV:
A \ Lj }q xt FyLR L [k : 2016
s 16
A \ Lj }q xt Lj [ k : 2016 \
15
JF VAL` [q {q L g` q : 2016
|qs|msLiL`i 25
T zq zm q : 2016 T|qsLiL`i 18
{m F q , {m C q V : 2017 sWLji 20
sVLi
s\|qs: w

+&jTH sTT

BLiTRVs ALiVV NSL]lLi[xtsQs sV`NRPV Lijs "xRW

Lji\|mnssLki' ssR sgS[ @|msLiqs d LkiNTP RLRixqsVV
N][LRiV][Lij. [` A|m L q (L VV L` , zmn L` ): 15
[` , NU zt R V @|m L q (ZN VNR ): 39
NU zt R V @|m L q ( VNS NR , F NT NR ,
B xq V VL tx[ ): 16. R LR xq V {q *NR LR NR V Lj [k : s[V 20
xmspLji ssLSNRPV s\|qs[ RW]RV.
s\|qs: www

2 yT 2016

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keTys+

y, sWss ssLRiV @sXj

1. OR W V yLj L R R L : LRiR[aRPLi[ tsQ Fyy NSLi[ RLRiRVgS
NRPLRiVso NSNSV GLRiRLi s sVLRi lLi[V FsNRPVsgS DLi[j. ry*RLiRLi
F~Lijs RLRiyR NRPLRiVso NSNSV Lki ryLiVV[ LSNRPFsRLi, NRPLRiVso s
GLRiTs xqssVxqs syLRiNRPV @s[NRP RLRiV dxqsVN][sRLi s xmsLjizqsRVV gS
sVLRiVgRiRWLiVV.
2. L][gS R VL R : ry*RLiysNTP xmspLRi*Li NRPLS, sVxqsW, sV[LjiRW
yRVV Lki sVLRiNRPV NSLRisVRVWnLiVV. xmsxqsVRLi sVxqsWs xmspLjigS
syLjiLiRRLi, NRPLS, sV[LjiRW yRVV gS sRVLiR[ DLiRLi
LjigjiLij. ORPQRV N]LiRsLRiNRPV RgjisNUP LRiR[aRPLi[ B[ @jNRP sVLRiNRPV
NSLRiLigS DLij.
3. BR LR NSLR V : ygRiVds xqsLRixmnsLS, xmsLjiaRPVR c AL][gRiLi, sy yzms,
\sR rNRPLS sxqsLRi, L][gRi sL][RNRP aRPNTP sVLRiVgRis*RLi, }msLjiNRP sLRiWy xmsRNSV,
ss xmssW |msLixmsoR sLi @LiaS xmssLi NRPWy sVLRi lLi[V\|ms
DLiVLij.
( ) @j NR y lL [ VNR V NSLR V
LRiR[aRPLi[ sy lLi[V @jNRPLigS DLij.
ZNP[LRi, RsVyRV, g][y LSuyV sVs @s[NRP
ALjiNRP, ryLizmnsVNRP NSLRi s LRiR[aRPLi[
sy lLi[V gRidsRVLigS RgRi[RV.
e. ALj NR NSLR V : ALjiNRP NSLRiV sVWRV. @s : 1.
ssryRV FyysR, 2. sgRiLkiNRPLRi, 3. }msRLjiNRPLi. sy lLi[V\|ms @s @jNRP xmsys RWzmsryLiVV.
1. ryR VL @j NR Fyy R V NR gj DL R L : ssryRV xqsLiLijR
xqssWLi[ zmssV ALjiNRP LRiLigS xmsLjigRiLiR[RV. ssryRV LRiLigRiLi[
DyRNRP NSLRiNRPsWV DRXRLigS Ds NSLi[ aSsVNRPVV @jNRPLigS @sxqsLRiLi.
@LiRVZNP[ ssryRV FyysR gRi LRiR ALjiNRP ssxqs[ |msR NRPVVLiV
DLiVyLiVV.
2. gR Lk NR LR : LRiR[aRPLi[ FyLjiaSsVNUPNRPLRi sLji*LSsVLigS, s[gRiLigS
LRigRiNRPFsRLi s sgRiLkiNRPLRi xmsNTPRV NRPWy ssVjgS DLij. sVs [aRPLi[
Ljigjis sgRiLkiNRPLRi sy lLi[VsV RgjiLiP[ ryLizmnsVNRP sWLRiVsV dxqsVNRPVLS[RV.
3. }m R Lj NR L : @sXj LiRs [aS[ }msRLjiNRPLi NSLRiLigS sy lLi[V
@jNRPLigS DLij. RNRPVs AyRVryLiVV NRPgjis NRPVVLiLi[ @Rsxmso bPaRPVsosV
F~LiRRLi s sP[ xmsWyV A bPaRPVsosV |msLiRysNTP @[V LRiV NRPLi[
@jNRPLi. }msRyLjiNTP RsV aRPsV Rxms BRLRi ALjiNRP AxqsVV GdsV [so. NS
NRPVVLiLi[ FsNRPVs sVLij ALjiLiP[ yV DLi[ NRPVVLi ALRisV FsNRPVs @s
sryLRiV. xmsos bPaRPVsoV sLiP[ @sNSaRPLi RNRPVsgS DLi[ NRPWy FsNRPVs
sVLij zmssV NRPsysNTP FyysR DLiVLij. }msR sLS yLRiV NRPVVLi
sRVLiR xmsRNSsV @LigkiNRPLjiLiRNRPFsysNTP }msRLjiNRPLi sVV NSLRiLi.
ee. ryL zmn VNR NSLR V :
sysNTP xqsLRi*s @LigkiNSLRiLi DLiRLi, RNRPVs sRVxqsV=[ syxLi,
sVRxmsLRi\sVs, ryLizmnsVNRP sVWR ssVNSV, DsVT NRPVVLi ssxqs, sy
LSzRLi, gRiLRi s][RNRP xmsRRVsV xmsLjisVRLigS DxmsWgjiLiRRLi sVVR\s
N]s ryLizmnsVNRP NSLRi s sy lLi[V RgRiVR ryLiVV xmssRLi @soRVLij.
@sgS \|ms NSLRi s sy lLi[V AbPLis ryLiVVNTP RgRiNRPFsRV.
1. y NT xq LR * @L d NSLR L : syxLi sVRxmsLRiLigS, rysWNRPLigS
RxmssxqsLji. sy yzmss syxLi xms xms RXNRPRLi sWLji RNRPVs
sRVxqsV=[ syxLi P[xqsVN][sRs[ sLRiRWs dxqsVNRPVLiLRiV. @LiVV[ sy yzms s[gRiLigS LRigRiNRPVLiy, ssVjgS sWLRiVRVs xqssWLi[ C xmnsys
AbPLiR[Li.
2.R NR V R Vxq V=[ yx L :RNRPVs sRVxqsV=[ syxLi P[xqsVN][sRLi

FyL` 3

b{ |\ |+

13

D][gSV
sWNTPRVL`i xmssL`i NSL]lLi[xtsQs
sWNTPRVL`i xmssL`i NSL]lLi[xtsQs
BLiTRW sV` "FsgjiNRPWs \ds'
d LkiNTP RLRixqsVV N][LRiV][Lij.
Fxq V qx L : 183
gS yLk gS d V: sVNSsNRP
c75, FsNTPNRPc32, FsNSsN`P= c26,
ZNPsVNRP c28, BsxqsVsVLi[xtsQs c12,
BLiR{qsRV @Li` \|mnsL`i }qs{ms c10
@L>RiR: xqsLiLijR BLidsLjiLig`i
sgRiLi[ yVlgi[ xmnsQo\sV L`i Tgki DLiy.
@ \ Lj }q xt NR V Lj [k : s[V 15
xmspLji ssLSV s\|qs[ RW]RV.
s\|qs: www.npcilonline.co.in

Jd{qs[ |qsxtsQqs A{mnsxqsLRiV

s sy lLi[V @jNRPLigS DLiVLij. LRiR[aRPLi[ 2001[ xqsgRiV syx
sRVxqsV= {qsNRPV 18.3 xqsLisR=LSV DLi[ xmsoLRiVxtsQVNRPV 22.6 xqsLisR=LSVgS
DLij. kss xmsxqsW lLi[V @jNRPLigS DLiRNRP RxmsRV. xqsgRiV syx sRVxqsV=
|msLRigRiysNTP, rysWNRP xqsXx, sy yzms ][RRyLiVV. syx sRVxqsV=
@jNRPLigS DLi[ xmsxqsW lLi[V Rgji sy lLi[V NRPWy RgRiVRVLij.
3. VR xm LR \ V ryL zmn VNR VWR VNS V : sVRxmsLRi\sVs ryLizmnsVNRP sVWR
ssVNS s FsNRPVs sVLij xmsV RsV ALjiNRP zqsgRiRV][ xqsLiLiRLi [NRPVLiy
zmssV NRPsysNTP FyysRsV BryLRiV.
4. D VT NR VL VL xq : RVVNRP sRVxqsV=[ LSLRiNRPV RsV zmssV FztsQLiP[ ALjiNRP rsVR [NRPFLiVVy dsLRiV zmssV NRPsys DsVT
NRPVVLi ssxqs FRzxqsVLij. FsLiRVNRPLi[ dsLji ALjiNRP LSs AyRWs
ALjiLiP[ NRPVVLi xqsVV LjiryLRiV. @LiVV[ DsVT NRPVVLi ssxqs NRPs[V
ssLi @sRLi LjigjiLij.
5. y LSz R L : 2011 y NRP xmsNSLRiLi LRiR[aRPLi[ @ORPQLSxqsR
lLi[V 74 aSRLi {qsQ @ORPQLSxqsR aSRLi y RNRPVsgS DLij. xmsoLRiVxtsQ @ORPQLSxqsR
82.14 aSRLi DLi[ {qsQ @ORPQLSxqsR aSRLi 65.46gS DLij. NRPVVLiLi, syxLi,
zms sy sxtsQRVLi[ xms RXNRPRLi ZNP[sLi sR][s[ sWLRiVRVLij.
sLRiORPQLSxqsVNRPV }RVR A[RsV DLiRso. sRNRPV, xmsxqsW lLi[VNRPV sVR
s[sV xqsLiLiRLi DLij.
6. gR LR L][R NR xm R R V V xm Lj VR L gS Dxm Wgj L R R L : xmsVR*Li
NRPVVLi sRVLiR A[RssV N]srygjixqsVy, gRiLRi sL][RNRP xmsRRVsV
@LiRVV[ DLiy, sRy LSzRLi s, sVWR ssWNS s N]s sLS
xms sVLi xqsLiRs Fy=xNRPLRiLigS [RV. sy yzms gS LjigjisLiVV[
xmsV RxmsNRPVLiy s NRPVVLiNRPV FyysR BryLRiV.
y r yLR R LR V
LRiR[aRPxmso xmsxqsVR y ALjiNSsXjNTP ALiNRPLigS DLij. @LiVV[
N]LiRLRiV y sXj ALiNRPLi NSRs yjxqsVyLRiV. y y ssVjgS
|msLRigRiRLi y sVLiRs @LiRLRiW @LigkiNRPLjiLiyLRiV. y srys
FsRVL][sysNTP sVWRV LRiNS RLRiV @sxqsLRiLi. @s : ALjiNRP RLRiV, ryLizmnsVNRP
RLRiV, NRPVVLi sRVLiR xmsRNRPLi.
e. ALj NR R LR V :
1. FyLj aS VNR LR L gR xq LR : D][gSsV F~LiRLi[ Ds xqssVxqsV
FyLjiaSsVNRP aSsVNRPVNRPV VxqsV NS NRPVVLi xmsLjisWs RgjiLiRVN][sysNTP
aRPR RWzmsryLRiV. ss xmssW ryLiVVs |msLiRVN][sysNTP NRPVVLi xmsLjisWs
RgjiLiRVN][szqss @sxqsLSs dsLRiV gRiVLjiryLRiV. NS
FyLjiaSsVNUPNRPLRi s[gRisLiRLi NSszqss @sxqsLRiLi DLij.
2. D][gS NSaS NR : sgRiLkiNRPLRi,
FyLjiaSsVNUPNRPLRi xmsLRixqsLRiLi INRPys\|ms sVL]NRP AyLRixmsT
DLiLiVV. xms[, gSsW[ @jNRP D][gRi
@sNSaSsV NRPLiy. y sXjs @LjiNRPRLi[ Bj
aRPNTPsLiR\sVs sL][RNRPLigS xmssP[xqsVLij. sgRiLS[ gRiXx
xqssVxqs, zms |msLixmsNRPLi xqssVxqsV xqsxLigSs[ xmsNRPV
|msR NRPVVLiV DLiRs s}tsQjryLiVV.
3. xq VR *L ][ NR WR VN] AyR V xm L zm , }m R Lj NR
LR W : }msR xmsNRPV NRPdsxqs ss xqsRVFyRWV }qs
FsNRPVs zmssV F~Li[ ALjiNRP sLRiLiRLi DLiRRV. NRPVVLi
xmsLjisWLi sxtsQRVLi[ xms RXNRPRLi NRPWy
sWLRiVRVLij. FsLiR sVLij zmssV NRPgji DLiy[
A[LiRRs[VNSNRP zmsNRPV rNRPLRisLiR\sVs sys
@LijLiP[ xmsRVRLi P[ryLRiV. C sWLRiV N][xqsLi
xqssVR*Li][ NRPWRVNRPVs AyRV xmsLizms, sysNTP Rgjis
s[RsLi][
NRPWTs xmss xNRPV DLiy.

JLjiRVLi LiN`P Amns NSsVL`i=.

ssR sgS[ |qsxtsQqs A{mnsxqsL`i FxqsV
LkiNTP @L>RiV\s @LRiV sVLi
RLRixqsVV N][LRiV][Lij.
VVR L d V: 117
{qssRVL`i
s[Vs[L`i
(Ljiqs
s[Vs[sVLi)c10, s[Vs[L`i (H) c10,
s[Vs[L`i (FnlLiN`P=) c5, s[Vs[L`i (/CN`P) c2, s[Vs[L`i ()
c21, s[Vs[L`i (FsmnsG) c ylLi` @N_LiLi c30, s[Vs[L`i (|qsNRPWLji) c 22, |qsNRPWLji A{mnsxqsL`i c15, \|mnsL`i A{mnsxqsL`i c2
R LR xq V y L : As\s y*LS
m{ n : LRiW.500 (Fs{qs=, Fs{qs @LRiVNRPV LRiW.50)
A \ Lj }q xt FyLR L [k : 29c04c2016
A \ Lj }q xt VVgj L xm o [k : 13c05c2016
@L>RiRV, sWxmsLjisV RjRLRi ssLS N][xqsLi s\|qs
RW]RV.
s\|qs: www.obcindia.co.in

j \ss LiN`P sV`[

s[Vs[sVLi \ds
j
\ss
LiN`P
sV[[s[sVLi \ds FxqsV
d LkiNTP @L>RiV\s @LRiV
sVLi RLRixqsVsV N][LRiV][Lij.
Fxq V qx L : 100
@L>R R :
gSRV[VxtsQs/FxqsV
gSRV[VxtsQs[ 55 aSRLi sWLRiV][ DdLRiR. NRPLixmspL`i
xmsLjisLi, BLigjitsQ, zLik xtsQ\|ms
@sgSxs DLiy.
Wxm Lj V : 21c27 xqsLisR=LS sVR DLiy.
m{ n : LRiW.1000
R LR xq V y L : As\s y*LS
A \ Lj }q xt FyLR L [k : Gzms 26
A \ Lj }q xt Lj [k : s[V 10
xmspLji ssLSNRPV s\|qs RW]RV.
\|q : www.nainitalbank.co.in

@zqs|qsLi s[Vs[L`i dV
sVs{qs Amns |ms[RVLi @Li` s[RVLRi gSqsNRPV Lijs
sVL`i Lki @Li` NRPLi.sV` "@zqs|qsLi s[Vs[L`i' d LkiNTP
Fs{qs=, Fs{qs, Jd{qsc ys NTPsV[RVL`i @LRiV sVLi RLRixqsV
N][LRiV][Lij.
Fxq V qx L : 21 / @L>RiR: FsLidG / {qsG / H{qsRWG /
gSRV[V BLidsL`i DdLRiR. Gyj @sVsLi RxmssxqsLji. /
A \ Lj }q xt NR V Lj [k : s[V 21
xmspLji ssLSV s\|qs[ RW]RV.
\|q : www.balmerlawrie.com

14

gRiWms c 2 |qsxtsQ

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2 yT 2016

1995 sVLiT LigS LSxtsQ DRsWV

1991 sVLi ALiRxms[a`P RR LRiRLiVVR NRPNSLRiV s[Vyso HNRP s[jNRP, RR NRPsVLiR LigS xtsQNRPV LigS xsV syNRPV @ORPQLRi
LRiWxmsLi BxqsW LSxtssVLiR INRP g]xms xmsLiys xqsXztsQLiLij. @LiRV[
gRiLigS LigS sWRXxtsQ NRPWy ARsaS*xqsLi][ sVVLiRVNRPV rygjiLij.
RLRiNRPs[V HNRP s[jNRP sLSR[ LigSNRPV Lijs .Fsqs. LSsVVV, sWryLki,
yLRig][s, ZNP. {qsyLSsVVV, gRiWR @LiRV, yeeysVLRi LSsVVV, zms. LSsVVV,
xms xqsRyLSRV, ssVsWxqs ry*sV, ZNP. LSsVORPQ, @sZaP LRiR,
@ssLRiLi [s[LiRL`i, yLRi LSsVRLiR, sVVR\s yV LigS FyLiRLi sVLiT
ssylLi[. RLRiNRPs[V HNRPs[jNRP LigS xs uy xqsLixqsX RLjiR xms INRP N]R RXNRPys @LijLi FyRVLRiLi[NTP Lij. ks sVLi @LRixqsLi, sLRixqsLi,
sryz, sysVLiR, @LRiV[RRV xmsy sVLiR sLi xqsLixqsV
FsLi][ xqsWLjis F~LiyLiVV. sWjgRi RLi][LS NRPWy RLRiNRPs[V HNRPs[jNRP Bs
zqsyLiR xqsWLji][s[ AsLRisLi sVVLiRVNRPV rygjiLij.
sWjgRi RLi][LS DRsVLi RsNRPV RVNRPVLiys[ INRP WsVNRPsV
GLRiLjiLij. sVLiR NRPXxtsQ sWjgRi, NRPXFyNRPL`i sWjgRi sLi }msLRi y*LS sWjgRi @s[
xmsys ARsaS*xqs xmsNRPsgS sWLjis NRPsVs[V LigS xs xms[
LigS sWRXxtsQsV ARsaS*xqsLi][ xmsNS xtsQgS sWLRiVNRPVs[
xmsLjisWsNTP ][xRLi P[zqsLij. xmsLRisrysLigS LigS xtsQsV, ys
g]xmsRys @RVRLigS zqsyLidNRPLjiLiyLRiV, dNRPLjiLiyLRiV. LigS
ryLixqsXNRP s[j, sWjgRi RLi][LS DRsVLi sVLi xqsWLji F~Lij LSxtsLi[ xmsV
zqs, Fs{qs=, Fs{qs NRPV xqsLixmnsWV N]R yRVNRPR*Li[ N]R RWxmso][ DRsWVgS N-

\|RLS`[ BLilLi[xtsQs
RVW` FsLixmssL`i |qsLiL`i
LigS LSxtsQ RVVsR,
syLRiV[ yRVNRPR* ORPQV,
ss \sxmsoV |msLiF~LijLiP[
ORPQLi][
\|RLS`[
BLilLi[xtsQs
RVW`
FsLixmssL`isVLi |qsLiL`i (H\sC{qs)s GLSV P[xqsVsV LSxtsQ FsZNP^=,
RVVss xqsLki*xqsV aS sVLi . xmsyLSso sTLiyLRiV. ROTPQ N]LjiRW
ZNP[LiRLigS xmssP[xqsVs BLilLi[xtsQs RVW` |mns[ztsQms (H\sFsmns)
xqsyRVLi[ LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li][ xmsLRixqsLRi @LigkiNSLRi IxmsLiRLi
NRPVRVLRiVNRPVLij. H\sFsmns lLiLi][ ZNP[Liys \|RLS`[ GLSV
P[xqsVLiRyLRiV. xNUPLi}ms[s NUPyFyjNSLRi xqsLixqsNRPV Lijs HNRPLS
xqsLi[ LRiW.100 N][ |msVRV][ LS[[V sVW[[ H\sFsmns
NSLRiNRPFyV FyLRiLisVsoyRVs sVLi FyLRiV. \|RLS`
ZNP[LiRLigS G 20 s[ sVLij RVVsRNRPV ss \sxmsoV |msLiF~LijLiP[
bPORPQ NSLRiNRPsWV soLiRVs H\sFsmns ssryxmsNRP @RORPVRV JN`P xqsWxmsL`i
sTLiyLRiV.

"@gjiNRPL`i dFs{qs= N][LRiV=NRPV

gRiVLjiLixmso Bs*[RV'
@gjiNRPL`i dFs{qs= N][LRiV= sLRi*zLiP[LiRVNRPV ALiRxms[a`P[ G sy
xqsLixqsNRPW, RVWssLji+ gRiVLjiLixmso Bs*[Rs AyLRi Fsds LRiLigS
saRP*syRVLi LjiryL`i .s.xqsRyLSRV INRP xmsNRPs[ FyLRiV.
N]s xqsLixqsV Gds=V @gjiNRPL`i dFs{qs= N][LRiV= sLRi*zLiP[LiRVNRPV RsVNRPV
ssryRV saRP*syRVLi gRiVLjiLixmso DsVgS xmsyLRiLi P[xqsVNRPVLiVsV
RsV RXztsQNTP sLiRyLRiV. syLRiV RRLiRVV BLi sWxqsxmspLjiR
xmsNRPssV ssVVRs }msL]yLRiV.

G{ms |qs sLRi*x NRPV GRVWNTP @sVsV

ALiRxms[a`P }qs s Fs qs (|qs) sLRi*xNRPV ALiy
saRP*syRWs (GRVW)NTP @sVsVsxqsW RVW{qs DRLRiV*V Lki
P[zqsLij. RVW{qs @NTPT[xtsQs LSsRLi][ 2016c17 xqsLisR=LRiLi[ |qs
sLRi*xNRPV GRVW xqssRsVsoRVsV DsR sysVLiR INRP
xmsNRPs[ }msL]Lij.

RPRVVRVyLiVV. xqsxLigS dsLRiLiy

N][ryLiR xtsQ[ NSNRPVLiy LigS
xtsQ[s[ ssNUPNRPLRi P[xqsVyLRiV.
@ LigS xtsQNRPV N]s
RaS RLS*R LigS[\sy
ryjNSLjiNRPR GLRiTLij. C DRX
Blgi[ N]srygji[ LigS xtsQ
xmsNS xtsQgS FyhRixmsoxqsNRP
xtsQgS, lLi[TW , ds xtsQgS
xmsLjisVLi LiRVRVsRsRLi[
xqsLi[xLi [RV. [xmsoLjis dLkiV
Blgi[ yLji uy r~LixmsosV
sVNRPVyLRiV. g][LiRVV g][LiRV
xtsQsV Blgi[ sVNRPVyLRiV. s
s gRiV NRPWy RsV xtsQsV Blgi[
sVNRPVyLiVV.
L gS [ x \ R L :
@LiVV[ AjxmsR NRPVV @s
rNRPLSsV, @jjNSLSsV NRPgji
soLiRRLi s LigS DRsVLi[
RsV xmsiVsV gjiLiRRLi N][xqsLi xmsV FsRVV s[aSLiVV. ryzR, ryLixqsXNRP,
LSNUPRV LRiLigS[ @sNSaRPyRLi][, zqs. Fs{qs= yRVNRPRy*s ssNTP s[zqs ysV
sVVLiRVNRPV LSsysNTP N]LiR A[Li ssVNRPTFRVysVs gRisVsLi
sVVLiRVNRPV NRPRRLi FyLRiLiLiyLiVV.
RLRiNRPs[V HNRPs[jNRP, RR NRPsVLiR, xs xqssW FyLki, sWjgRi
RLi][LS ARW NRPV xqsLixmnsW DRsWV dxqsVN]s \Rys, yRVNRPy*s
ssNRTPs AjNRPR NRPVV N]LiR sRVLi ryjLiyLiVV. FxqsiV sWRLjiLi,
g][\[xtsQs RLRi }msLRiV][, LigS }msLRiV][ xs ryzRyzmss, yRVNRPRy*s @RVNRPVyLRiV. @LiVV[ RLRiNRPs[V HNRPs[jNRP, xs xqssW FyLki,
LigS[s dzqs, Fs{qs=, Fs{qs xqsLixmnsWV, FssJV xqsNSLi[
xqssVLRisLiRLigS LigS LSxtsQ DRsWs sVVLiRVNRPV dxqsVZNPysjNTP xmspsVN][[NRPFRWLRiV. yLji yRVNRPR*Li [NRPVLiy FsRLi][ FyV d{qs, Fs{qs=, Fs{qs
yRVNRPR*Li FsRgRiNRPVLiy FsysNTP yLji [xmsLi
NRPWy DLij. @LiRVs
yV RLjiRNRPV, xms\RysNTP, rysWNRP xmsLjisWNRPV ssVNRPTFRWLRiV.
yRVNRPR*Li BRLRiV P[RV[NTP FsysNTP NSLRiNRPVRWLRiV.
NR =\ FLS L uyL R yLj NT lL [NR L gS NSR V :
LigS[ sNRP=\V 30 GVgS FLSRVRVsj uyLiR yLjiNTP
slLi[NRPLigS NSRV. yV LigS[s AjxmsR NRPVNRPV, ][zmsU sLSNRPV,
xmnsQpRsNTP slLi[NRPLigS FLSRVRVyLRiV. @LiRVs LigS DRsWsNTP
@s[ AjxmsR NRPV, Wry*sV AjxmsR sLS sVLi yRVNRPR*Li LSsRLi 30
G LigS rysWNRP \Rys sVVxmsoxmsRs[V.
1951[ LigS ryRVVRFLSLi sLRisVLis RLS*R EV sR
FyLjiFLiVVs Wxry*sVVV, ]LRiV NSLilgiqs [{msV |msVN]s Ljigji gSsWV P[Lji
AxqsVV, @LiRxqsVV, @jNSLSV @ds NSFyRVNRPVyLRiV. |msLiRVNRPVyLRiV. E[
xms*LkiV, xms[V, [a`PsVVV sL][ LRiNSLRiV P[zqss _uysV sLi
sLiaSsNTP @LigRiLRiV. sLi LSsV FsxmsVRV xqsLi[jLiy= sy
NRPsVWsxqsVV @Rs }msLRiV sVVLiRV ""sLRiLiNRPVaRP'' @s[ ys RxmsNRP
DxmsWgjiLiP[yLRiV.
sLi LSLi[ INRP }msR yTs N] RLizmssLiRVNRPV RssV Fdqs }qsxtsQs[
zLizqsLi \[s[zqs ZNP[xqsV |msRyLRis RVxmsTFLiVVs INRP ]LRi xqsLixmnsVssV
LRi[soV ss[ yaRPLRij LRiLigSyLRi LiyLRiV. A ss NSLi yRV
@sgS 1930[ NRPWy Fdqs @Li[ sLi xmsVR*sVLi[ ]LRiNRPV NRPWy FsLiR
RVsW C xqsLixmnsVs xqsxtsQLi P[xqsVLij. NSds NRPsVWsxqsVV ]LRisV, sLi
xmsVy*s IZNP[ gSVs NRPLRiV. @LiRLji FyFyNRPV sLi }msLRiVsV NSLRiLigS yRVNRPVyLRiV.
NRPsVWsxqsV yRVNRPR*Li yWNRPV NRPVjxmsRLi yLji NRPV[s yLjis
sRkzqs B sLkiNRPLRiLiRysNTP zqsRLigS [Rs Td F~|mnsxqsL`i B. LRiVsV LSzqss zms.
|`T zqsyLiR gRiLiRLi xqsxtsQLi P[xqsVsj. LigS \lLiyLigRi ryRVVR FLSLi
RVs[yTNTP WsV @s[ }msLji RVsLiP[ yLjiNTP Liys N][LjiLiRs ARVs WsV
xmsLixmsNS NRP][ xqs ssLjiLiyLRiV.
xqsLjigS BLi xmss[ xms[jNRP LigS DRsV yRVNRPR*Li }msLRi BxmsVRV NRPWy LRiVgRiVRVsj. {msTR xms AaRP yWNRPV yRVNRPRy*s ssNTPs
BRLRiVV yRVNRPVVgS FsRgRiys FssLRiW @RVN][[NRPFRWLRiV. xmsVy*V d{qs,

FyL` c4

Fs{qs xms sVLi rysWNRP DRsV aRPNRPVVgS FsRVgRiVRVs RVVs yRVNRPy*s

NRPWLRiLigS @s[ryLiVV. Ry*LS rysWNRP DRsVLigS rygjis xms[NRP LigS
DRsVLi LSNUPRV DRsVLigS sVVxmso dxqsVNRPVLij.
LSNUPWRsVLigS sWLjis RLS*R N][ryLiR xmsNRPV LigS xmsNRPV
sVR Ds }mssV, AFyRVR rys[, NRPV yLkigS GLRiR xqsR rys[ s[*xtsQLi
FyRVLRiLi[NTP [sRLi LjigjiLij. sVL][\sxmso sLRixqsLi sLi xqsLixqsV, RR sVxqs
NRP xmsyLSso sLi yRVNRPVV N][ry sVLi NRPWy xms[NRP LigS LSxts
GLSVsV N][LRiVRW xqssVLjixqsW yryV yryLRiV. NRPLRixmsyV s[ryLRiV. BRLiy
rysWNRP HNRPR s ryRxmsTLij.
N]LiRLRiV NSLilgiqs }msLji, NRPsVWsxqsV }msLji, LSxts RLjiR }msLji, RsV
RVLSLS, ][zmsUs RNRPVs P[zqs A FyFysLiy \sLi LSNRPV @LiNRP[ RLjiR
sLS xmsRs @sVxqsLjixqsVyLRiV. xmsxmsLiRLi[ G LS dsVy xmsRsLiR VLRiR
sLi LS dsVR FRVRLi LjigjiLij. ks gRiRgS gRisVsLiRRLi @sxqsLRiLi.
L gS DR VL [ ry W NR LS V :
1989[ ALiRxms[a`P[ xs xqssW FyLki NSds<LSsV yRVNRPR*Li[
xmss[bPLi @s[NRP xqsV, xqssWs[aSV sLRi*zLiLij. 1991 AgRixqsV 6s Ljigjis
RVLiRWLRiV xyNSLiRNRPV slLi[NRPLigS LSxtsLi, [aRPLi sVVRLi NRPRLjiLij.
1991[ LigS @LiR RVLiRWLRiV jRVNRPV sVRRVgS ORPQj sVLij][
ElLi[gjiLixmsoV, xqsV LjigSLiVV. 1992[ RR LRiRLiVVR NRPNSLRiV s[Vyso
HNRPs[jNRP (RLRiNRPs[V HNRPs[jNRP) GLRiT LSxts yxmsLigS xs ryjNSLjiNRPRsV
xsV LSjNSLRiLi, xsV ryzRLi, xqsLixqsX, NRPV gRiVLjiLi
sxqsXRLigS xmsyLRiLi P[zqsLij. sLiRj LRiRsV sVsyLiVV.
DR V yR VNR R *L gR VLj L R LR V :
zms sVVRVN]s ysVxmsOSQV, sNRP=\ yNS gRi @s[NRP ssV,
DRsWsV, zqsyLiysV xmsbPxqsW RaSVgS xsVV ds[
yRVNRPVVgS FsLiRVNRPV FsRgRi[Rs xmsbPLiyLRiV. yee .AL`i. @Li[RL`i [
sVVLiRVNRPVrygSs xqssVxqs sLRi, sLRi, NRPV, LigRi, , sVR, xtsQ, [aRP ssORPQRNRPV,
@xqssWRNRPV slLi[NRPLigS xmsxry*sVRVVRLigS xqssVxqssWs ryjLiys
sVVLiRVNRPV rygjiLij. sLiRj LRiRLiVVRV, NRPNSLRiVV Fsjgji syLRiV.
xs xqssW FyLki 1994 FssNRP[ \sVs F BLij. VgRiV[aRPLi
FyLki][ FssNRP IxmsLiRLi NRPVRVLRiVN][ys NSds<LSLi sLisxmsNUP LSxts
yRVNRPR*Li @RVNRPVLij. yLi][ 50 {qsLiVVy lgiVxqsVLiRsVNRPVs Fsqszms INRP
{qsV NRPWy lgis[NRPFLiVVLij. FssNRP RLS*R xs ryjNSLjiNRPR xqsLiNRP
s sysNTP RLRiNRPs[V HNRPs[jNRP INRP RLjiyRNRP FyR sLRi*zLiLij.
1994 FssNRP[ Fs{qs= {qs IxmsLiRLi NRPVRVLRiVNRPVs N]s {qsV lgi DLi[ A RLjiR
}msLRiVgS DLi[j. @yaRPNRPV FLiVV @xqsVZNP[ sWxqsLi RVNRPVyLRiV.
sVVsgjiFRWLRiV. 20 GLiVVy Ljigji s]NRPVN][[NRPFRWLRiV. INRP LSNUPRV
aRPNTPgS LSxtsLi[ FsRgRi[FRWLRiV.

c .Fsqs LSsVVV
rysWNRP RR*s[R, |qs: 8331966987

2 yT 2016

keTys+

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LigS[ s[V 17 sVLi Fy|qs N_s=Lig`i

LigS[s xmsVR*, \|mss[V FyNTPN`P
NS[[ xmss[aS N_s=Lig`isV s[V 17 sVLi 31
sLRiNRPV sLRi*zLiys ryLiZNP[NRP syaS
sLRiLiVVLiLij. FyNTPN`P TF~sW RLRigRiRVsV
s 9 sVLi sLRi*zLiys sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVLij. sP[ sy xqsLisR=LRiLi[ @s \|mss[V
FyNTPN`P NS[[sW WsVN`P sysLi
@sVV P[RWs A[bPLiyLRiV. NS[ RLRixqsV
xmsNTPRV xmspLjiNSsVs s[xmsRLi[ @sVLiR
gRiVLjiLixmsosV s[V 15 yNTP xmspLji P[RWs
sLRiLiVVLiyLRiV.
As\s y*LSs[ NS[NRPV @sVLiR gRiVLjiLixmso
BP[ RLRiV P[xmsRVRVsV sTLiyLRiV.
FyLjiaSsVNRP @sxqsLSNRPV @sVgRiVLigS xmsRsV,
j*dRV xqsLisR=LS zqsqs[, xmsLkiORPQ sysLi[

sWLRiVV xqsVysVs, BLiRVNRPV RWsWyV

zqsRLi NSys xqsWLiyLRiV.
RXdRV xqsLisR=LRi syLRiVNRPV sWRLi {qsc14
zqsqs xmsNSLRis[V [Rs N]srygRiVRVLiRs xqsxtsQLi
P[aSLRiV. xmsLkiORPQ sLRi*x[ NRPRLigS dsTW
LjiNSLjiLig`i P[RWyLRiV. yL<jiNRP {mnssV LRiW.15
s[ sVLi LRiW.21 s[NRPV |msLiys {mns NRPsV
zqsFnyLRixqsV\|ms xmsVy*sNTP xmsFyRsV xmsLizmsrysVs
}msL]yLRiV.
@{mns[VxtsQsV BP[ xqssVRVLi[ sVLi\lLis
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15

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tmreis.telangana.gov.in s\|qs[ RLRixqsV P[xqsVN][sRs Fy
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2 yT 2016

1915 LjiRL`i sWLjis sryL`i

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(sVVLiT \LRiLi][) INRP sgRiLRiLi[ gS Ds L][`s NSqs
P[RVRVNRPVLi[ ANTP=Li NSsRLi RVLi. sRVLi Lki\s
sVWLi Liy= DLiVLij. INRPN][Li[Li RW}qs RVLi sVs
RRsV |msLiRVRVLij. @xmssVRR][ xqs\lLis saSysV FsLiRVNRPVs sRVLi
ryjLiRysNTP RVLi ][RRVRVLij. RVLi Ljiqs dxqsVN][sysNTP Rgjis
""@LiRy''s NRPgjixqsVLij.
RVLi @sRVsV sVLi DsxmsVRV @xqssVLixqsdsRVLi @LiVVsxmsVRV @j
slgis xqs*ys NRPgji DLiVLij. sVsNRPV @s[NRP syVgS slgis xmnsysV
@LijxqsVLij. @xmsLjisVR\sVs RVLi sVsztsQs xqsLiLixms[xqsVLij. C xqsLis RaRP[
RVLi sVsV NRPs[Vzqs dsV[s, @sVW\sVs ssLRiVsV sbPLixms[xqsVLij.
xqsXyRNRPR, ss[RysLi, sLRiRV rysVLRiLi, @sNSaSsV
ssWgjiLiRVN][sRLi sLi @s[NRP xms rysVLSsV sLki*LRiLi P[xqsVLij. sLjiNTP
RVLi dsV {qs*RV }qs*RsV NRPLi s[xqsVLij. RVLi gRiV|ms[ dsVLRiV sxqsyLRiV.
""|qsqs'' slLi=qs ""RVLi'' :
""RW''s INRP yLjiLig`i zqsgRigS dxqsVNRPVLi[ ""|qsqs''NRPV Bj xmsLjiuyLRiLi NRPWy
NSgRiRV. N]LiRsVLij sNRPVV sVVLiT\LRiLi][ @s[NRP xmssVV P[xqsVNRPVLiW [s
xqssVxqssV RdsVR s[xqsVNRPVLiLRiV. xmnsRLigS ""|qsqs''NRPV [ssoyLRiV.
yLji[ xmsLjisVR ryLiVV[ RVLi soLiTsoLi[ yLjiNTP C @gRiRLi RxmsVRVLij.
N]LiRsVLij sgRi
zF NRPsVNRPL`i
yV RWs y
}qs zFyqs,
@xmssVRLigS
soxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVLiLRiV.
N_s=Lig`i \|qsNSqs

FyL` c2

keTys+

F xmsLkiORPQ xqsLiNRP

2 yT 2016

17

LRiR LSLigRiLi yLjiRNRP s[xmsRLi

tsQ Fyy NSLi[ Fs[ yLSxmsNRPV,
jsxmsNRPV, sRVRNSNRP xmsNRPV LRidRVV[
dRVyR ysV }mslLi[zmsLiyLiVV. ds[
xmssVV\sVss @sVXR L`ixmsNRP, ZNP[xqsLji, FyRW, j
zLiRW, ssss, ALiRxmsNRP sVVR\ss. C xmsNRPV xms[ [aRPNTP, dRVyR ysV |msLi FztsQLiyLiVV.
dRVyR y yzms[sV, xms ANSLiORPQV, AaRPV,
TsWLiRV sVVR\s ys tsQ xmsVR*Li sVVLiRV
sNUPNRPLjiLiRRLi[sV yLSxmsNRPV NUPNRP FyR
FztsQLiyLiVV.xmsR ry*RLi][RsV dRV yRVNRPVV
sWd sx, xqsVlLi[LiRy` sLki, gRiLigSRLRi N`P,
sVygSLik, yee .AL`i. @Li[RL`i RjRLRiVV
yLSxmsNRP y*LS dRVyR ARLS+sV
yzmsLixmsP[RVysNTP FsLi][ NRPXztsQ P[aSLRiV.

yLRiV LRiR[aRPLi[ ""ZaP[*R RR zqsyLiRLi'' \sNRP

FyNRP sLi sNTPd zqsyLiysV xmsyLRiLi P[zqs RsV FyssV,
sRORPQsV xqssVLjiLiRVNRPVs[ xmsRVRLi P[}qsyLRiV. C zqsyLiRLi
ZaP[*RdRVVNRPV sWRs[V Fys rysVLSV DsV,
sVgjisyLRiV @ygRiLjiNRP ssLi
gRiRVxmsoRVsV
sxqsVLij. xmnsRLigS @ygRiLjiNRP RVsV ygRiLjiNRPLigS
sWlLi[ RR RsV\|ms DsV sNTPd ssV xmsyLRiLi
P[}qsyLRiV. C RLRi ][LRiVV LRidRVV sV[ysV
dRVRLi][, @j dWRsWsNTP yLji dzqsLij.
\|mss }msL]s NSLRi[ NSNRP, sVlLi[ BRLRi xqsLixmnsVsV
LRiR[aRPLi[ dRVyR sXjNTP ][RyLiVV. xmsysLigS,
xry*RLiRLi N][xqsLi Bd, LRids, Cxmso, Lki, HLSLi`

FyaRPsNRP Fys

LRiR[aRPLi[ tsQ Fyy RVLiyLigRiLi

LRidRVVNRPV slLi[NRPLigS FyaRPsNRPLigS ssxLjixqsW,
sLRiLiNRPVaRP RsV xmsWgjiLiP[j. ds[ [aRP][x
xqssWs[aS RLi, ARVVy RLi, FyLidRV yLS xmsNRP RLi, RjRR RsV xmsWgjiLi xms
}qs*RsV xLjiLiP[j. xms }qs*RsV @RVN][sRs[VNSNRP,
xmsNS }qs*R\|ms slL>i[RVNRP\sVs ALiORPQV sjLiP[j. tsQ
xmsVR* FyaRPsNRP R[ @RLiR sLRiLiNRPVaRP\sVsj
L_`RLi. C Rs @jNSLRi xmsLjixtsQ[ ""@LSRNRPyR,
sxmssyR s[LS (NSLRiNRPFy s}tsQR) RLi 1919gS
ssxLjiLiP[yLRiV. C RLi G sNTP\ZNPy yLRiLi [NRPVLiy
kLRiNSLi FyV sLRiLijLiRysNTP @sNSaRPLi NRPxqsVLij.
LRidRVVNRPV slLi[NRPLigS C Rs @RLiR NTPLSRNRPLigS
@sVV P[}qsyLRiV. C RsNTP slLi[NRPLigS ss
sLRixqsssV \|qsRLi DNRPVFyRLi][ @s[}qsj. ksNTP
DyxLRigS xmsLi[s RVsyg`i[ Ljigjis
sWLRix[sWs }msL]ssRV.
RjRLRi [aS[ Ljigjis sxmssFLSV LRidRVVNRPV
FsLi][ xqsWLjisyLiVV.

LRiR dRV NSLilgiqs @sRLRi :

LRiR dWRsV RLjiR[ 1885[ LRiR

dRV NSLilgiqs @sRLRi INRP \sVVLSLiVVgS }msL]ssP[.
sryLRiVxmsR NTPgjis yyV_L][, zqsqs FsLi..
LRis[, ZNP. . Lig`i, RVks yd, G. J, xsV
RjRLRiVV LRiR dRV NSLilgiqs GLSV[ ]LRis
dxqsVN]s, 1885 T|qsLiL`i[ LiLiVV[ xmsRsV
xqssWs[aRPLi sLRi*zLiyLRiV. AsLRisLis ]L][[ tsQ
yLjiNTP slLi[NRPLigS LRiR dRV NSLilgiqs @ gRiRgS

\ R sR[ RVW (@LiRL`i gSR[VxtsQs \sRsR) AaSsNRPLigS [Rs

FyLRisVLiLki ryLiTLig`i NRPsV @FyRVxmsTLij. ygS Bs ss[jNRP[ LRidRV \sR

sVLiR (FsLi{qsH)NTP xmsV xqsWRsV P[zqsLij. ""FyRsVNRP \sRLi[ FsLiddFsqsj NUPNRP FyR.
NSds sxqsVs VNRPV, FsLiddFsqs gSRV[V xmssdLRiVNRPW F~LiRs[ [RV. @LiRL`i
gS[[VxtsQs \sRsR yR [s sRgS sWLjiLij. N]R N]R VV sxqsVyLiVV.
ARVsNRP \sR xmsRRVV @sLi}qsgSds C N]R VNRPV xmsLjiuyLRiLi LiRRV. NSds
sVsNRPVs zqsqs FsxmsV][ xmsyVlgi[ NTPRLi LRiWF~LijLisj. BLi zqsqss[ BxmsNUP
[jxqsVysVLi[ AaRPLRixmsLjiP[ @LiaRPLi.
xmsxqsVRLi sWLjis xmsLjizqsRVV, sxqsVs V Lkiy RORPQs[V FsLiddFsqs zqsqssV
sWLS=s @sxqsLRiLi DLij. FnysVd sVTzqss, lgi[LjiRWN`P, |msLiVVs @Li` Fy[Vs ZNP[L`i,
FssVlLids= ZNP[L`i sLi xqsNRPV][ NRPWTs [Rs LRigS. @xmsVRV FsNRPVs sVLij L][gRiVNRPV
DxmsWgRiLi DLiVLij'' @s FyLRisVLiLki NRPsV Rs ss[jNRP[ }msL]Lij. sVgRiy
N][LRiV=gS \sR sR DLiRNRPWRRs, xmsLjizqsRVNRPV @sVgRiVLigS sWLSs, zqs \sLig`i
@s[j FsLiddFsqs yNRPL`iNRPV y sVVsVs NRPsV zmsLij. {mssLis, NRPWlLi[s,
Lji[s N][Li[ \sRLi @LijLiP[ xmsNTPRV xmsxqsVR xmsLjizqsRV[ [Rs
@FyRVxmsTLij. FsLiddFsqs sR[ gRidsRV\sVs sWLRiVV dxqsVNRPVLSys FsLi{qsHNTP
ryLiTLig`i NRPsV xqsWLiLij. BxmsZNP[ zqsqs LRiWxmsNRPs, [RyxmsRRV[ sWLRiVV
sLi sxtsQRWV @sV[NTP dxqsVNRPVLSsRLi][ dsgS xmsLi LjigjiLiRs zmsLij.

NRPsV zmss xmsV @LiaSV....

1. H[N][ryLji ARVsNRP \sR xmsRRVssVxqsLjiLi zqsqs[ sWLRiVV P[LRiVV

P[RW.
2. xmsxqsVR sysLi sLRi FyNUPxtsQsL`igS g_LRisxmsRLigS [Rsj xqsxtsQ\sVLij.

syLjiLiRRLi RjRLRi TsWLiRV DyLiVV.

@lgi[ LRiR[aRPLi[ LiNTPLig`i,
dsFyLRiVR, sR, xmsL][gRi LRiLigSsV
@sXj xmsLRi LRidRVVNRPV @sXj
xqsRVFyRWV @LijLiys C RaRP[
yRVNRPVV TsWLi` P[aSLRiV.
sVRyR yRVNRPVV RsV TsWLiRsV
sNUPNRPLjiLiRRLi[ aSLiRVVR, LSLigRiR xmsRRVsV
DxmsWgjiLiP[yLRiV. ds[ ssFyV, ss xmsyV,
sLRixqssV, sVRsLjiy*V, RjRLRi xmsRRVV DyLiVV.
sVRyR yRVNRPV TsWLiRsV tsQ xmsVR*Li
N]LiRs[VLRiNRPV AsWjLi, LRiR N_s== RLi (1892),
LRiR xmsVR* RLi (1909) LRiWF~LijLiLij. ds y*LS
LRidRVVNRPV FsNRPVs FysRLi NRPLiRysNTP
xmsRVLiLij.
@LiVV[ sVRyR yRVNRPVV @sVxqsLjiLis \sLjis,
][LRis LRiR dRV NSLilgiqs[s N]jsVLij dsLigS
slLi[NTPLiyLRiV. s s LSNUPRV LSLiVVd N][xqsLi tsQ
yLjiNTP sVRyR yRVNRPVV s[RVR][ saS*xqsLi][
DLiRys @s[NRPsVLij ssVLji+LiyLRiV. tsQ yLjis
xqssVLjixqsW, tsQ xqsLixmsyRWsV LSNUPRV ARLRisV
NUPLjiLiRRLi xms NRPWy dsLjis N]jsVLij ssVLji+LiyLRiV.
LSNUPRVLigS
ssVRsV,
sVXRVy*s
NRPsLjisxmsNTP sVRyRVV tsQ yLji ALjiNRP syysV
c BRLRi syysV y aRPNTPsLiRLigS ssVLji+LiyLRiV.

FyL` c3

dWRsVLi[ ssR RaRPV

LRiR dWRsWs 1885 sVLiT 1947

sLRiNRPV LRiR dRV NSLilgiqs sTzmsLij. xmssVV
xry*RLi][RsV yRVNRPVRV c NSLilgiqs sW @RORPVRV yee
xms {qsyLSsVRV }msL]sV ""yxqsysNTP LRiR
ry*RLiR FLSLi RLjiR NSLilgiqs FyLki RLjiR @soRVLij''.
xmssVV RLjiRNSLRiVRV yeeLRis[VtsQ RLiR sVLiyL`i LRiR
dRV NSLilgiqs sLRi*zLis LRiR ry*RLi][RsV
RLjiRsV sVWRV RaRPVgS sLiyRV. @s sVRyRRaRP,
@yR RaRP, gSLik RaRP. C RaRPsV dWRsVLi[
yRVNRPVV P[xmss AaRPRWV c D[aSV, TsWLiRV
DRsV xmsRRV xqs*sLi AyLRiLigS sLiRRLi
LjigjiLij.

sVRyR RaRP (1885c1905)

sRORPQ

tsQ xmsVR*Li yRVxmsNTPRV[, zqss xqsLki*xqsV

D][gS xmss[aRPLi[, xNRPVsV @sVsVLiRRLi[ FsLi][
ssORPQxmspLjiR ][LRi xmsRLji+LiP[j. dWRsV
FyLRiLiRaRP[ LRidRVVV, zqss xqsLki*qs D][gS[
xmss[aSNRPV xqsLiLijLi sxtsQRW[ tsQ @LRiV][
xqssWsLigS @sNSaSV DLiys TsWLi` P[}qsyLRiV.
@lgi[ tsQyLji ssORPQR sysLi BL`i V syRLi[
xmsxqsVLigS NRPszmsxqsVLij. LRiR[aRPLi[s RVWL][zmsRVs
xqssVWV LRidRV yRV sWLRiVV RsV s[LSsV
syLjiLiRys dsLigS slLi[NTPLiyLRiV. B[ NRPsVLi[
tsQyLRiV 1919[ xmss[aRP|mss R*LiR* xmsVR* sysLi
LRidRVVNRPV slLi[NRPLigS ssORPQxmspLjiRLigS DLij. tsQ

ssxLjixqsW DLi[j. xmsysLigS @

LRiRryLiVV[ sxqsyR slLi[NRP
dWRsWs
sxqsXRryLiVV[
GLRiLRiRysNTP FsLi][ gRiR szLiLij.
yILi][ N]jsVLij ssVLRi+NRPVV LRiRdRV
NSLilgiqssV tsQ FyssV xqssVLjiLiP[ FyLkigS
@sVsWsLiP[yLRiV. yxqsysNTP tsQ Fys[s [FysV
RV[RVysNTP NSLilgiqsFyLki INRP zqsLRi AaRPRVLi][
GLRiTLij. A RLRiyR NSLi[ LRiR ry*RLiRLi N][xqsLi
dRVyyR yV sxqsLjiLi, DRsV yRVNRPR*Li
{qs*NRPLjiLiP[ ryLiVVNTP LRiR dRV NSLilgiqs FsjgjiLij.

LRiR dWRsV sVRyR RaRPsV

xqsLixqsLRi
aRPNRPLigS,
DyLRiyRRVVgRiLigS
@sLjiLiRsRV. C RaS[ yyV _L][,
g][FyNRPXxtsQg][NRP[, xqsVlLi[LiRy` sLki, Ds[VtsQRLiR sLki
RjRLRiVV xmssVV yRVNRPVVgS }msLRiVgSLiyLRiV. C
yRVNRPVV tsQ yLji DyLRiyR syy xms xmspLji
saS*rys xmsNRPLi, xqsxNSLRiLi @LijLiyLRiV. tsQyLjis
xmsxry*sWsNTP, DyLRiyysNTP xmssRVVgS C
yRVNRPVV @LRiLi P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV. C RaRP[ dWRsVLi
y sLRiNRPV ALigRi sR @zqsLis sVRRLRigRi sLSNRPV
xmsLjisVR\sVLij. C DRsVyRVNRPVV tsQ yLjis N]s
LSLiVVdV, xqsLixqsLRiV TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. ds[
LRidRVVNRPV FysRLi |msLiP[sRLigS }qss
N_s=[ xqsLixqsLRiV, xmsLjiFys xqsLki*xqsV[
LRidRVVNRPV xmss[aRPLi NRPLiRRLi, LRiORPQ LRiLigRiLi sRVLi[
RgjiLixmso, ARVVy RLi LRiRV, NSLRisLS*xNRP aS sVLi
yRVaSsV s[LRiV P[RWs N][LRiRLi RjRLRi TsWLiRV
DyLiVV. ALjiNRP LRiLigRiLi[, WsV bPxqsV RgjiLixmso, ARVsNRP
xmsLjiaRPsVsV s[gRisLiRLigS @sXj P[RVRLi, LRiR[aRPLi
sVLi xqsLixmsR xmsysNTP @RVNRP s[zqs, tsQyLji ][zmsTs

FsLiddFsqs zqsqs sWLS:

FyLRisVLiLki ryLiTLig`i NRPsV

@yR RaRP (1909c1920)

LRidRVVV NRPNRP }msRLjiNRPLi[ sVgRiVRVs

ALjiNRP xqsLiRLRiLi[ sVRyR yRVNRPVV tsQ yLjixms
s[RVR][, sssVLigS DLiRys NSLilgiqs[ N]RRLRiLi
yRVNRPVV gRigS slLi[NTPLiyLRiV. sVLki sVVLigS
gRiLigSRLRi N`P, xmsLSV, szmss RLiRFy,
@LRisLi` |mnsWtsQ RjRLRiVV sVRyRyRVNRPV D[aSsV,
xmsRRVsV dsLigS ssVLji+Li, yLji sVXRVsWLSsV
LiTLiyLRiV. yxqsysNTP xms[ Ds @}msRLjiNRP
xmsLjizqsRVV, y xms tsQyLji Dyzqss\sLji NSLilgiqs[s
N]RRLRiLi yRVNRPVNRPV AgRixLi zmsLiLij. NRPLRiVsoNSNRP
xmsLjizqsRVV, }msgRiV yj RjRLRi NSLRi s FsLi][ sVLij
RsFsRLi Fs[ AxmsRV LSsysNTP yLjidzqsLij. NSds, xmsVR*Li FsLi xqssWRVNRP RLRiV P[xmsNRPVLiy
Dy{qssLigS ssxLjiLiLij. C[gS, @xms gRisLRiL`i
sLRi1905[ LigS LSuys sLiRysNTP
xqssWRVR\sV, Rs FyaRPsNRP Fys N]srygjiLiyRV.
N]jsVLij yRVNRPVV LRiR[aRP gRiR\sys, xqsVxqsLixmss
yLRixqsy*s AyLSsV xmsosLRiVsLixms[RWs
sLiyLRiV. C NSLRids LRidRVVV @yRLi \sxmso
sVVgRiV RWxmsysNTP ][RyLiVV.

3. xmsxqsVR FsLiddFsqs yNRPL`iNRPV ryyLRi xmsxqssLi @Li[ GLi[ NRPWy RVs

xmsLjizqs DLij.
4. FsLiddFsqs \|mnss BRVL`i[NTP ss 90 aSRLi sVLijNTP {ms {qsV Fs
xqsLiFyjLiys[ y*xqs DLij gSds \sRLi dsVR @sgSxs G sWRLi [RV.
5. xmsxqsVRLi Ds [RyxmsRRVV \|qsRLi N]R xmsoLiRV ]ZNP[ [RV.
6. \|mssVLki, |qsNRPLiRLki |ZNP[L`i[ L][gjiNTP \sRLi P[rysVss ssVNRPLi FsLiddFsqs
yNRPL`i[ [RV
7. [aRPyxmsLigS xmsxqsVRLi Ds \sR sR ZNP[LikNRPXR\sV DLij. Bj RORPQs[V sZNP[Li kNRPLRi
LRigS.
8. NTPsNRP sgRiLi][ FyV xmsN`P |[ \sRVNRPV NRPR\sVs JLjiRVLi[xtsQs
(@sgSxs) @sxqsLRiLi DLij.
9. [aRPLi[ NSy=s \sR @sxqsLSV, A @sxqsLSNRPV RgRiV yNRPLRisV RRWLRiV
P[RVRLi[ FsLi{qsH xmspLjigS sxmns\sVLij. sVVLigS gSdsV \sRLi\|ms NRPdsxqsLi RXztsQ
ryLjiLiR[NRPFsRLi AaRPLRiNRPLRiLi.
10. FsLiddFsqs yNRPL`i ZNP[sLi NSqsLRiWsV FyhSZNP[ xmsLjisVRsVsoRVyLRiV. yLjiNTP \sNRP
sVsV, L][gji ZOP[QsVLi. L][gji xqsLiLRiORPQ, rysWNRP N][Li, sWssy RXNRPRLi sLis[ds
RVRLi [RV.
11. [aRPLi[ 55 s[ FsLiddFsqs {qsVLi[.... {ms {qsV ZNP[sLi 25 s[V sWRs[V DyLiVV.
C xmsLjizqsRV[ {ms \sRVV NS[s FsLiddFsqs N][LRiV=][s[ DsR\sVs \sR}qssV @LijLiP[
xmsLjizqsRVV NRPLiy.
12. C xmsLjizqsRVVsxmsVRV \|mssVLki, |qsNRPLiRLki |ZNP[L`i[ FsLiddFsqsNRPV gRiVLjiLixmso sxqsVLij.
13. [aRPyxqsLigS RVW (@LiRL`i gSRV[VxtsQs) \sRsRsV xmsosLjiLjiLiy=s @sxqsLRiLi Dj.

18

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2 yT 2016

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS
VERB FORMS - TENSES
PRONOUNS

Exercise - 3

Contd....
14.
The boys enjoyed very much during the holidays.
15.
She availed of the holidays.
16.
Myself wrote the letter .
17.
Yourself did it .
18.
Let my brother or I go home.
19.
There is no difference between you and he .
20.
Neither Usha nor Sravanti took their food .
21.
Either the students or the teacher are guilty .
22.
Either you or I are responsible .
ADJECTIVES
Exercise - 4
1.
He is junior than me .
2.
He is superior than her .
3.
My sister is elder than me .
4.
I prefer coffee than tea .
5.
George is elder than Saleem
.
6.
Nithu's older sister is in London .
7.
Sarala is more taller than her sister .
8.
Health is more preferable to wealth .
9.
Mount Everest is the most highest peak in the world.
10.
She is both kind ,generous and wise.
11.
Sachin is greater than any cricketer in India .
12.
This watch is the best of the two .
13.
Choose the least of the two evils .
14.
The population of Madras is greater than Hyderabad .
15.
In old age there is nothing miserable than poverty
VERBS
PRESENT TENSE
Exercise-5
1.
The boy is taking coffee every day .
2.
A vegetarian is a person who never is eating meat .
3.
The rich man is having six buildings

4.
The book is belonging to him.
5.
The man is owning two cars .
6.
People are wanting to see one side on top.
7.
We are knowing that it is useless to shed tears .
8.
The apple is tasting sweet .
9.
The mother is loving her daughter.
10.
Why are you disliking her ?
11.
The flower is smelling sweet .
12.
The sun is rising in the east .
13.
Your father will punish you if you will misbehave .
14.
If there will be a war , we shall be miserable .
15.
They did not announce the result so far.
16.
I am sorry that I did not post the letter yet .
17.
We are waiting for the chief guest since five .
18.
They are working in our factory for ten years
19.
How long is she wearing glasses ?
20.
I am working here for the last five years .
21.
For four days he did not attend classes.
NOUNS
In Nouns the common error occurs in its usage as a singular
or a plural and its agreement with a verb.
Ex : 1. Measles are a dangerous disease.
2. Mumps are common among children.
3. Measles have broken out in our area .
4. Mathematics are his favourite subject.
5. Physics have been taught by two lecturers.
PRONOUNS
In Pronouns the humble way of expression is always He , you
and I. The agreement of verb with Pronouns is also improtant.
Ex : 1. One should respect his own country .
2. I and he are friends .
3. I and James went home .
4. Both he and you must attend the function.
5. Ravi invited me and you to dinner.
ADJECTIVES
Right placing and usage of adjective is important. Sometimes
the meaning of a sentence changes if adjectives are not handled properly.
Ex : 1. He is junior than me .
2. He is superior than her .
3. My sister is elder than me .
4. I prefer coffee than tea .
5. George is elder than Saleem
"THE FOLLOWING VERBS should not be used in any CONTINUOUS TENSE:
Those are: SMILE,
VIVEKANANDA.B
TASTE, LOVE, LIKE,
Narayana Group of EducationUNDERSTAND,
al Institutions
THANK, FEEL, SEE,
CENTRAL OFFICE,
Mobile: +91 9912343401.
LOOK, LAUGH etc

2 yT 2016

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19

NRPXxtsQ[sLSRV ArysLi[ @xtsQjgRisVVV FssLRiV?

1. C LSuysNTP [N`Pxqs[ xtsQRW gRiNTP @RjNRP ryyV LjiLRiV*
P[RVyLiVV?
Fs. dL`i
. gRiVLS`
zqs. DRLRixms[a`P
T. sVRxms[a`P
2. \sV [RV[, y kso[ s ryLiRR FsNRPVsgS DLiRsNTP gRi
sVV\sVs NSLRiLi?
Fs. ryLiR ssryRVLi
. FyLjiaSsVNUPNRPLRi
zqs. sgRiLkiNRPLRi
T. xqssLRiRNRP xmsLjisVRVV
3. ks[ Agji xmsLRi*R xqsLiLiR sryV LRigRiso?
Fs. N`P xqssVVRLi
. s xqssVVRLi
zqs. NRPLkiRVs xqssVVRLi
T. NSzqsRVs xqssVVRLi
4. NSL][ RLRi sRV` ZNP[LiRLi Ds ][V?
Fs. dL`i
. RdqsxmnsV`
zqs. LRiLi`
T. ITaS
5. C NTPLij ys[ 2011 y NRP xmsNSLRiLi @RjNRPLigS sryLiRR
gRi LSxtsQLi Gj?
Fs. ZNP[LRi
. sVRxms[a`P
zqs. dL`i
T. xmsbPsV LigS
6. BLiVVNRPV rysWs F~LRiVgRiV [aSV?
Fs. ss, zqsLjiRW, [LRis, Cxmso
. ss, zqsLjiRW, Lki, [LRis
zqs. \|qsxmsqs, Lki, [LRis, Cxmso
T. Lki, zqsLjiRW, BLSN`P, VsVs
7. sLiy[s bPLRiLi dss[ gRiLi.
Fs. @ry=Li zsWRWV
. NRPVsW[s zsWRWV
zqs. s[Fy zsWRWV
T. xmsLi zsWRWV
8. C NTPLij xms[ NRPLRiNRPlLi[NRPV @ RgRiLRigS Ds xmsLi Gj?
Fs. Td
. N][NRPy
zqs. [`xmspL`i
T. ygRixmspL`i
9. 2011 y NRP xmsNSLRiLi {qsQ @ORPQLSxqsy lLi[V C LSxtsQLi[
@RLigS DLij?
Fs. dL`i
. sVRxms[a`P
zqs. ITuy
T. LSrys
10. C NTPLij ys[ WxmsLjis[ztsQR [aRPLi Gj?
Fs. [dsRW
. |msLRiV
zqs. xqsWLjiyLi
T. DLRiVlgi[*
11. C NTPLij [aS[ [s][ *RW F~LRiVgRiV [aRPsVV][ xqsLjixRVsV
xmsLiRVN][RV?
Fs. LRiuy
. CrsRW
zqs. RVFssRW
T. FLi`
12. C NTPLij ys[ Gj WzqsRVL`i LjiL`i* NSRV?
Fs. @gRixqssV\
. ssV\
zqs. dsgjiLji
T. xmsLiRsVLji
13. RVLjiN`P ksoV Ds][V?
Fs. sVRRLS xqssVVRLi
. s xqssVVRLi
zqs. N`P xqssVVRLi
T. DRLRi xqssVVRLi
14. C NTPLij ys[ [s LRiORPQ BLiTRW[ FyRsVNRP sj?
Fs. gSsV xmsLiyRVdV
. xtsQRW NRPVV, gRiV

15.
16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

zqs. ssFyV LRiORPQ

T. dRV Liy
sNTP }qs*RNRPV xqsLiLijLis Lji C NTPLij ys[ Gj?
Fs. sWLiRsVqs
. |sVRVqs NSLRiqs
zqs. xqsL<jiWLRiLki
T. N][yLRiLi[
LiNRPVNRPV RsV sR Ds xqsLixmsRNTP, sVVRLi RysNTP sVR INRPLRiNRP\sVs
sxtsQ NRPgji DLiy=s @RsxqsLRiLi DLij. ys GsVLiLRiV?
Fs. Fsqs..AL`i (ryRVLki LiN`P lLi[ztsQW)
. Fsqs.Fs.AL`i. (ryRVLki NTP*` lLi[ztsQW)
zqs. zqs..AL`i (|qsLi LiN`P LjiL`i*)
T. zqs.Fs.AL`i (|qsLi NTP*` LjiL`i*)
xms xqsLisR=LRiLi BLiTRW[ ALjiNRP xqslLi[* xmsRVLjiLiP[j.
Fs. LjiLRiV* LiN`P Ams BLiTRW
. }qs LiN`P Amns BLiTRW
zqs. LRiR xmsNS xqsLixmnsVLi
T. LRiR xmsVR* ALjiNRP sVLiR* aS
sWss }msRLRiNRP xqsWds sWss @sXj ss[j[ Fsxms sVLi
xmss[aRP|msLRiV?
Fs. 1994
. 1995
zqs. 1996
T. 1997
NTP[gSsV NTP*LiNRPV xqsLiLijLisj. @[ sRsVVgS sVRsVV ksNTP
xqsLiLijLisj.
Fs. LRiWFyLiVV
. ysVV
zqs. xqsLixmsR
T. RssVV
F~gSNRPV yRVNRPV xqsLiLijLisj. @[ sRsVVgS sVRsVV ksNTP
xqsLiLijLisj.
Fs. NS[RVsVV
. ryLSRVsVV
zqs. suy
T. bPLRixqsV=
sWL`i \|qsNTP [LkiNTP xqsLiLijLisj. @[ sRsVVgS sRsVV ksNTP
xqsLiLijLisj.
Fs. WsV
. xqsWLRiVRV
zqs. RLiRVRV
T. sORPQRsVV
@RsVV xmsLiLiRVNRPV xqsLiLijLisj. @[ sRsVVgS dsLRiV ks][
xqsLiLijLisj.
Fs. yxNRPR*sVV
. sZOP[Qxms
zqs. ssVLRissVV
T. sNUPsssVV
gRiRsVV xqsLiNRPV xqsLiLijLisj. @[ sRsVVgS RLjiR ksNTP
xqsLiLijLisj.
Fs. xmsV
. xqsLixmnsVsV
zqs. [kV
T. RVVRsVVV
dsyRsVV sVRyRsVVsNRPV xqsLiLijLis\[
sxmsssVV.
ksNTP xqsLiLijLisj.
Fs. sWLRiV
. gRiLiRLRig][Li
zqs. aSLi
T. xqsLixqsLRi
sRLi {qs*RV RLjiRNRPV xqsLiLijLisj. @[ sRsVVgS ryOTPQ ks][
xqsLiLijLisj.
Fs. NSgjiyV
. xqsRsVV
zqs. Rrys[V
T. @LigkiNSLRiLi
L], L] RRWLkiNRPV xqsLiLijLisj. @[ sRsVVgS BVNRPLSLiVV ksNTP

27.

28.

29.

30.
31.

32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

39.
40.

C Gyj sVLi "sVxWsgRiL`i sVTNRP' RLRigRiRVV

xqsLiLijLisj.
Fs. LiNRPaS
. BNRP AsLi
zqs. N]sV
T. gRis
xqsV DRVNRPVNRPV xqsLiLijLisj, @[sRsVVgS dxmsoLRiVNRP ks][
xqsLiLijLisj.
Fs. aRPVR
. RW
zqs. ERV
T. s[
NRPXxtsQ[sLSRV ArysLi[s @xtsQjgRisVVV?
Fs. DsR\sVs FLSNRPVV
. VgRiV ryzR, DRsV s[VysoV
zqs. DRsV gSRVNRPVV
T. LSss LRiORPQNRPVV
xmsxmsLiRLi[ BLiL`issV FsNRPVsgS ssWgjixqsVs [aS y[
LRi` LSLiN`P rysLi.
Fs. 1
. 2
zqs. 3
T. 4
"gRiLkid xhS[' G xmsys syRLi?
Fs. sL`isx
. xRWL`i aSzqsQ
zqs. sVVLSLki [aSV
T. BLijLSgRiLik
2008 AgRixtsQV[ dLig`i[ Ljigjis ILizmsN`P=[ LRiR[aSsNTP ss
sVVRLi xmsRNSs?
Fs. 9
. 8
zqs. 3
T. 4
NTPLij y[ g][ysLji sjNTP Dxmssj Gj?
Fs. sVLiLRi
. FyzR
zqs. aRPLji@
T. sVW{qs
ALiRxms[a`P[s G [ LiLRi&VWs LRiL`i yLi NRPRV.
Fs. NRPRxms
. bdPNSNRPVLi
zqs. saSNRPxmsLi
T. sRVsgRiLRiLi
RVxqsV dsVR sWs, gki sVLRiNRPsV ]gjiLiP[j?
Fs. Lis
. \|F
zqs. |ms[
T. 1,2
LiNTPLig`isV NSVs G lLiLiRV LSuy sVR DLij?
Fs. ALiRxms[a`P cRsVyRV
. ALiRxms[a`PcNRPLSNRP
zqs. xmsbPsVLigScdxL`i
T. xqsVtsQRLiR[qs
JLRiV JV s[zqssVgS LjigjiFs zqsLRi gRiVLRiVsV FsNRPR |msRyLRiV?
Fs. NRPVTP[ RWxmsoRV s[\|ms
. NRPVTP[ sVR s[[\|ms
zqs. FsRsVP[ s[\|ms
T. FsRsV P[ RWxmsoRV s[\|ms
INRP rFys RsVV kss NRPgji DLiRVsV.
Fs. LiRLRisVVV
. kLRiRRVLRixqssVVV
zqs. RRVLRixqssVVV
T. N][sVVV
INRP RRLRixmso ][ VVNRP \saSLi 576dsV, @LiVV[ A ][ VVNRP RVV
N]R FsLiR?
Fs. 86. dsV
. 96 dsV
zqs. 28 dsV
T. 24 dsV
@NS*LiVVL`i BsVV[ zmnsztsQVds= zqsLi][sV (FsLiVV`=) ks ss sxqsVLij.
Fs. NUPLjiRVsV
. F[[y
zqs. xmnsLigRiqs
T. \sLRiqs
C NTPLij ys[ Bj sVsLiVVLi sVgRiysds @NRPaRPVLRiVNSV.
Fs. sR
. {msRVV
zqs. L]RVV
T. P[xmsV

C Gyj sVLiP[ sVxWsgRiL`i xmsVR* sVTNRP NS[s FyLRiLiLi RLRigRiRVV

sLRi*zLiys LigS xmsVR*Li xqsLiNRPLiLij. @LiRVNRPV xqsLiLijLis NRPxqsLRiRV

FyLRiLiLiLij. @LiVV[ @NRPR sy sLSLi, sNRP xqsRVFyRW NRPs sLis
xmspLjiNS[RV. AxqsVxmss sWRs[V [RyxqsVxmsgS RWzmsLiyLRiV. C s[xmsRLi[ @NRPT
xmsLjizqsRV\|ms LRidRV \sR sVLiR (FsLi{qsH) Bs RsdV P[zqsLij. yxqss xmsLjizqsRV][
FsLi{qsH \LRisNRPV ss[jNRP xqssVLjiLiLij. yxqsysNTP xmsxqsVR xmsLjizqsRV[ C Gyj sVLi @NRPR
FsLiddFsqs RLRigRiRV sLRi*xNRPV FsLi{qsH IxmsVN]s[ xmsLjizqs [RV. NSds Fs xmsLjizqsRV[sW C
Gyj sVLiP[ @NRPR sVTNRP NS[ FyLRiLiLi RLRigRiRVV sLRi*zLiys[j xqsLSLRiV
xqsLiNRPLi. C s[xmsRLi[ FsLi|qs N_s=Lig`i, @TxtsQsV xmspLRiLiVV RLRigRiRVV FyLRiLisV[V
yNTP @sxqsLRi\sVs s[VLRi syV xmspLjiP[rysVs FsLi{qsHNTP dsV xmsRLi By*s \sR AL][gRi
aS sLRiLiVVLiLij.

xqssWyyV
1. T
7.Fs
13.Fs
19.Fs
25.zqs
31.zqs
37.

2.Fs
8.
14. zqs
20.Fs
26.
32.T
38.

3.zqs
9.Fs
15.
21.
27.zqs
33.T
39.T

4. zqs
10.Fs
16.
22.T
28.
34.T
40.T

5. zqs
11. T
17.zqs
23.
29.T
35.Fs

6.Fs
12.
18.Fs
24.zqs
30.T
36.T

20

F xmsLkiORPQ xms[NRPLi

$<|u

keTys+

2 yT 2016

LigS GLSV c FyLki FyR

1983 FssNRPV c VgRiV[aRPLi xmsLisLi
c 1983[ LSxts aSxqssxqsNRPV FssNRPV LRigRigS Fsds LSsWLSso s[RXR*Li[
GLRiTs VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki xmnsVs xmnsRLi ryjLiLij.
c 1983 ssLji 9s ARVs sVVsVLigS xmsRds {qs*NSLRiLi P[aSLRiV.
c kLi][ NSLilgiqs GNRPy FysNRPV LRixmsTLij.
c VgRiV[aRPLi LSNRP][ ALiRV AjxmsRLi sVLki |msLjigjiLij.
c \|y`[ FsNRPVsgS ALiRVV AxqsVV N]sRLi FyLRiLiLiyLRiV.
c FsdsAL`i, A RLS*R RLiRVyRVVRV Fys[ LigS ds ssORPQNRPV
gRiV\lLiLij.
c LigS[ gSsWjNSLRiV ssxqssV FsdsAL`i LRiRV P[aSLRiV.
c D][gRiV sRVxqsV= gRiLjixtsQ xmsLjisVs FsdsAL`i 55 GNRPV NRPVjLiyRV.
c sVR s}tsQRLi NSLRiLigS LigS[ ORPQj sVLij NRPV gkiR xmssyLRiV
syyLRiLi FLiVVLij.
c FsdsAL`i 01c09c1983 sVLi 16c8c1984 sLRiNRPV RLRiVyR 16c08c1984
sVLi 02c12c1989 sLRiNRPV lLiLiRV ryLRiV sVVsVLigS DyLRiV. sVR[
N]LiRNSLi yLiR xqsLRiLSso sVVsVLigS DyLRiV.
c sVR[ INRPryLji 1985 (sLRiWxms N][xqsLi sVVsVLi, @|qsLid LRiRV)
FssNRPV LSgS Tzms 2002 ryyV lgi FsdsAL`iNRPV @jNSLRiLi NRPLij.
Ljigji 1989[ FsdsAL`i @jNSLRiLi N][[RWLRiV.
IxmsLiy DLixmnsVs
c ALiRxms[a`P sWRs LSxtsQ ] sVVsVLigS dsLi xqsLislLiT 1952
ssLiL`i 1s xmssW {qs*NSLRiLi P[aSLRiV. ARVs][ FyV sVLisLRiLi NRPWy
xmsRds xmssWLi P[zqsLij.
c ] LSxtsQ @|qsLid {qs*NRPL`igS @RVLRi[sLRi NS[aRP*LRiLSso FssNRPRWLRiV.
c xmsRds {qs*NSLRiLi P[zqss lLiLiRs L][s[ sVVsVLi dsLi xqsLislLiT |msR
sVsVxtsQV IxmsLiys DLizmnsVLiyLRiV. LigS sNTPNTP Dxms sVVsVLi
xmsRs Bs*szqs DLiRgS A xmsRss ALRis s[VgS dNRPLjiLi Bs*[RV. A
xmsRss[ LRiRV P[aSLRiV.
c |msR sVsVxtsQV IxmsLiys xmsLjibdPLiRszqss "FyLidRV xqsLixmnsVLi'
ysVsWR\sVLij.
c |msRsVsVxtsQV IxmsLiRLi xmsNSLRiLi LigS[ WsVV NRPRV sNRPRWV
FyLidRV xqsLixmnsVLi xmsLRis[ORPQ[ LRigS. @LiVV[ C sxtsQRVLi[ FyLidRV
xqsLixmnsVLi (dsLRiV NSLilgiqs ylLi[!) }msORPQNRP FyR szLiRRLi][ ALiyyLji
WsVV N]sVg][V jsjsLi |msLjigSLiVV.
c sLirygRiL`i, NRPLi FyNRPV, BRLR FyNRPVVs xms ][ ALiyyLRiV
WsVVV N]sVg][V P[aSLRiV. LigS \lLiRV @sWRVNRPR*Li yLjiNTP
NRPzqsss @LiaRPLi.
c D][gS[ NRPWy ALiyyLji LSNRP |msLjigjiLij. sVVsVLi dsLi
xqsLislLiT, RV[RgS ALiy D][gRiVsV \|y`[ LigS BRLRi
FyLiy[ jLiyLRiV. LigS syLRiVNRPV D][gRi @sNSaSV NRPLi
yLji ryLiVV |msLiRszqss xmsVR*Li LigS RVVsRNRPV @yRVLi P[zqsLij.
c xmsRNRPLi xmsNSLRiLi ALiRVV LiLS z= Li FyLiy[ RWLjiLiRV.
c |qsZNP[Lji[V[ sLiT FLiVVLiRV.
c ygSLRiVsrygRiL`i T\ssV sWLji ALiRVNRPV @sVNRPWLigS xmsosLjiLSLi
P[aSLRiV.
c rysNRPVNRPV D][gS sxtsQRVLi[ Ds "sVVd' sLiRsV LigS
RVVsRNRPV LRiORPQ NRPLiR[RV.
c D][gS[ LkigS ALiRVV P[LRiRLi, LigS yLji @sNSaSV FsRLi\|ms
ZNP[LiRLi sVVLiRV LigS FyLiR yRVNRPVV DLiyLRiV. RLRiV LjigSLiVV.
c xmnsRLigS 1958[ "sVVd' LRiW= sLiRssV LRiWF~LijLiLij.
c @LiVV[ N]LiRLRiV ALiy D][gRiVV 1957[s[ xqsV{msLiN][LRiV[ xqsy P[zqs
DyLRiV.
c LigS D][gSV N]g]ysNTP yLRiV s[zqss FsRVgRiR Bj.
c @LiVV[ 1969[ xqsV{msLiN][LRiV 1957 RLi AyLRiLigS LRiWF~LijLis
LRiW=sV N]s[zqsLij.
c NSs xqsV{msLiN][LRiV dLRiV[ "xd sLiRs' xmsryss [sLiRVs

C ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi H LRiLigRiLi[

c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

LSLigRiLi xmsNSLRiLi @s @sVV[s[ Dss 1970 T|qsLiL`i 8s \|N][LRiV

dkLRiVsLij.
B D][gS sxtsQRVLi[ dsLi xqsLislLiT xmsVR*Li, ALiRV NRPVV
N]srygSLiVV.
1969 LigS DRsVLi syLRiV][ sVVR\Lij. @LiRNRPV sVVLiRV
ALiRxms[a`P GLRiTsLiNRP Ljigjis LigS ] DRsWsNTP sVLi
Fy*LiR s[jNRP @LiVVLij.
@NRPRVs RLRi xmssL`i }qsxtsQs[ ALiyyLjis[ FsNRPVsgS
dxqsVNRPVLiVyLRis, LigS yLjiNTP @yRVLi LRiVgRiVRVsRs @LiRVNRPV Lijs LSsVyxqsV @s[ sNTP sVgRiV[NTP dxqsVNRPVLSsRLi LjigjiLij.
@xmsVRV LSsVyxqsV\|ms FdxqsVV RxmsVRV ZNP[xqsVV yLiVVLi yy
zLixqsNRPV gRiVLjiP[zqsLiRV.
A RLS*R 1969 ssLji 9s Fy*LiR[s gSLik _N`PsR sLRisjNRP kORPQsV
FyLRiLiLiyRV. BLiRVNRPV sVLi D][gRiVV sVRRV FyLRiV. ALiy
yRVNRPiVNRPV slLi[NRPLigS syyV P[aSLRiV. ssW`[ syLRiVV
FyhRiaSV Li` P[zqs sLRixqss zmsLiRV.
kLi][ sVLi DRsVLi LigS BRLRi NRPV, \|y`NRPV
FyNTPLij.
A xqssVRVLi[ DrysRW RVWssLji= \sqs Rs=LS s.zqs. lLiT DLiRgS
ARVs sRVLiRXR* FNRPR][ syLRiVV sxqsVlgi DyLRiV.
ARVs sRVLiRXR* FNRPR][ syLRiVV DRsVLiyLRiV.
ksNTP sVLi FLSLi ][\Lij.
Ay xmsxqsVR AL`iFsqs yRVNRPVRV ZNP[aRPsLSso, LRiRLiVVR FsLi.s.
sLji=LilLiT (gjiy) DrysRW syLji xqsLixmnsVLi @RORPVVgS xmsxqsVR
NSLilgiqs yRVNRPVRV Fsqs. \FylLiT, bdPRL`ilLiT, sVNSLRiVs RjRLRiVV.
JRVW[sV, ys xmsLjij[s NRPaS[sV RRVsoRW DyLRiV.
yLji yRVNRPR*Li[ DRsVLi FyLRiLi\sVLij.
sRyLRiVV sVTNRP NS[ syLji sVNSLRiVssV DRsV s[RXy*sNTP
xmsys NSLRiRLji+gS FssVNRPVyLRiV. syLRiV NSLSRLRi xqssV
GLS\Lij.
LigS @s [s NRPaS, FyhRiaS syLji xqsLixmnsWV
DrysRW [VssLRji= syLRiV][ @sVxqsLiyssWLiVV.
DRsVLi jsjsLi FsNRPV\sLij.
kLi][ Fs. ZNP[aRPsLSso, FsLi.s. sLji=LilLiT, \FylLiT xmsXRVsV xmsVR*Li
xqs|qsLi` P[zqsLij.

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c

C NSLRisLigS syLRiVV sR*LixqsNSLiRNRPV jgSLRiV.

@s [ ALiRVNRPV slLi[NRPLigS DRsVLi DRXR\sVLij.
DRsV yRVNRPVV A`=[ xqs sLRi*zLiyLRiV.
xqs[ Fdqs \|mnsLig`i LjigjiLij. sVVgRiVLRiV RVVsNRPVV xRVRWLRiV.
xqssWs[aSsNTP s xmsxqsLigjiLiRszqss F~|mnsxqsL`i RVaRPLiNRPL`i xqsV=
RzmsFLiVV NTP RVxmsyLRiV.
xmsVR*Li yRVNRPV N][xqsLi s[ FyLRiLiLiRgS yLRiV @RLi[NTP
sLiRV.
DRsWs @s[}qsLiRVNRPV xmsVR*Li D][gS xmsNRPs P[zqsLij.
@LiRV[ DrysRW gSRV[V=sV AsLRiVgS xmsNRPLiLij.
kLi][ 1969 LigS DRsVLi sVVLigS "ALiy g][ N`P' DRsVLigS
sWLjiFLiVVLij.
sgRiLRiLi[sV, LigS ELRiWLRi xqsVV, xqssWs[aSV LjigSLiVV.
sR*LixqsLi, ALiRV\|ms yRVV LjigSLiVV.
B[ xqssVRVLi[ \|y`[ xmssVVV xqssWs[aRPLi INRP GLSV
P[zqsyLRiV.
C xqssWs[aRPLi[ LigS xmsLjiLRiORPQ NRPsV AsLRisLiLij.
C NRPsVNTP xqs*RLiR xqssVLRiWRVRV NSLi OUPQyLSRV @RORPVsgS
Fss\ZNPyLRiV. xqsVVgS sVx[szqsLig`i, xqsVs xqsDks I\s{qs,
xmsRys, xqsLiRxmsoLji LSxmnsVsLSso, sWRsLSso, NUPL`i x}qs=sV
Fss\ZNPLiRV. LigS syLRiV ALi][sNRPV xqssWs[aRPLi sVRRV zmsLij.
sVLi[ kORPQNRPV NRPWLRiVs LRidsLiRy` AL][gRiLi OUPQLiRRLi][ ssLji 16s
\|y`[ syLRiVV INRP ElLi[gjiLixmso sLRi*zLiyLRiV.
syLRiV[ lLiLiRV gRiWxmsoV RRWLRiRWLiVV.
INRP sLRiLi LigSNRPV LRiORPQV NSys, sVL][ sLRiLi xms[NRP LigS
NSys TsWLi` P[aSLiVV.
xms[NRP LigS NSys TsWLi` P[zqssyLji[ sVNSLRiVs, bdPRL`ilLiT
RjRLRiVV DyLRiV. LRiORPQ sLRiLi[ sVRssWxs RjRLRiVV DyLRiV.
D][gRiVV NRPWy LRiLigRiLi[NTP jgSLRiV.
LigS sVVRLi @VTNTP FLiVVLij. kLi][ @xms sVVsVLi
NSxqsVsLiRlLiT INRP sVV jgjis ssLji 19, 1969s INRP @ xmsORPQ
xqssVs[aRPLi LjiFyLRiV.
LigS D][gRiV LRiORPQV, LigS sVgRiVV sRV gRiWLji C
xqssWs[aRPLi[ RLjiLiyLRiV.

c s. sLji=LigRiLi
{qssRVL`i LRiqs, 94405 87731

H xmsLjiaRPsV 2016c17[ 2.75 ORPQ sVLijNTP

DFyj NRPxqsVLiRs @LiRy s[zqssV FyLRiV.
\|RLS`[ Ljigjis "g][ Bs xqs |qsLiL`i=
NSsZNP[s' xqsRxqsV=NRPV gRiVLSs sVV @jgS
LRiRWLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs
sWRVRW.. @sVLjiNS FssNRPV H
xmsLjiaRPsV\|ms |msRgS xmssLi RWxmssyLRiV. @sVLjiNS, LRi`NRPV INRPLji @sxqsLRiLi
INRPLjiNTP DLiRLi][ FssLRiV @jNSLRiLi[NTP sy xmsLjiaRPsV\|ms |msRgS xms NRPW
xmssLi GdsV DLiRRyLRiV. @LiRLSdRV H NRPLi|msdsV sRVsRVLiRNRPV
BLiTRW RNRP s[jNRP @s, BNRPR g][ Bs xqs |qsLiL`i= (H{qs) GLSV
P[RVRLi y*LS sRWsV RgjiLiRVN][sRs yrysV }msL]Lij.

C Gyj H D][gSV
RgRiVyV: yrysV

sXj ssW\y A s[VLRiNRPV N]R D][gRi

sRWsVNSV DLiRNRPFsRs yrysV
}msL]Lij. gRi[yj NRPLi[ H NRPLi|msds
AyRVLi[ 10c11 aSRLi sXj
ssWR[V @sNSaSVyRVs, NSds B[
xqssVRVLi[ sRWsVNS[ 20 aSRLi Rg]Rs @LiRy s[xqsVsV yrysV
\LRis zqs.zms. gRiVLSs FyLRiV B[zqsqs, {qsFsqs sLi xmsys H NRPLi|msdsV
A[s[VxtsQs\|ms @RjNRPLigS RXztsQryLjixqsVLiRLi sRWsVNSV RgRiysNTP
xmsys NSLRiLigS }msL]yLRiV. 143 RVs yLRi xmsLjisWLi gRi [bdPRV

FyL` c 9

2050 yNTP D][gRiV xqsLi[ LRi` ms

AzqsRW xmszqszmnsN`P FyLiRLi[ 2050 yNRP LRi`[ aSsVNRP sRVxqsV

(18c58 GV) y sLiRN][NRPV |msLRigRisVLiRs HNRPLSxqssV @RRVsLi[

[Lij. HNRPLSxqssV @sXj NSLRiNRPsVLi (RVWFssU{ms) ygS
sVsLjiLis FyLidRV sWss ssLRiV @sXj ss[jNRP xmsNSLRiLi.. aSsVNRP
sRVxqsV y AzqsRW xmszqszmnsN`P [aS[ gRidsRVLigS |msLRigRisVLij. sVVRLi
y[ aSsVNRP sRVxqsV y 68 aSRLi DyLRiV. gRiR 65 G[ AzqsRW
cxmszqszmnsN`P y sxmsLkiRLigS |msLjigji sVWRVlLiLiVVLiRs, 2050 yNTP Bj 484
N][NRPV P[LRiVN][sVLiRs }msL]Lij. xmsxmsLiR aSsVNRP sRVxqsV y[ 58 aSRLi
sVLij C FyLiRLi[s[ DLiLRis HNRPLSxqssV zmsLij.

21
""\V [xms NRPRV'' LRiRLiVVR Fs sLRiV?

2 yT 2016

keTys+

1. LigS NRPRNRPV yLij xmsNTPsyLjigS FssLji FyLRiV?

c sWRFy xsVsVLiRLSso
2. sWRFy LSzqss xmszqsR NRPR Gj?
c xXRRV aRPLi
3. xXRRVaRPLi NRPR sVsTs xqsLisR=LRiLi c 1912
4. sWRFy NRPy xqsLixmso ""sVNSgRiVRLi''[ Fss NRPRVyLiVV?
c GRV
5. gRiVLRiR NRPysNRP ""jRVV'' gS "ALiR LRi' xmsNRP[
@RLiVVs sWRFy yLji NRPR Gj? c xXRRVaRPLi
6. sWRFy yLji lLiLiRVNRPR sWgRiVRLigS @RVs[zqsssLRiV?
c @ gRiLiRsW
7. sWRFy FssLji 11 NRPR VgRiV[NTP @sVsjLiyLRiV?
c }mssVRLi` NRPR
8. sWRFy yLji LRiVRV?
c ALiR zmsysVx
9. sWRFy sTzmss DLRiW xmsNRP? c sVVztsQlLi[ RNRPs
10. LiNTPLiRLiRVs G sssV sWRFy @sVsjLiyLRiV? c AsLiRsVhRiLi
11. "xXRRVaRPLi' NRPR[s sxqsVso Gj?
c sVgRiyV ARysV @NSLRiLigS @sVsWsLiRRLi
12. LS LRiVRsV[s FyRgS gRi NRPR Gj? c xXRRVaRPLi
13. xmsoLRiVxtsQV xmsLRi{qsQ ysWs Lis sWRFy yLji NRPR Gj?
c s[s[
14. IjLS rRLRiVV LSzqss NRPR Gj? c LiRs sRyLji, LRiNRPsVWsVV
15. zqsLRiVgRiWLji RVLSso LSzqss NRPR? c xmsLRisWVso[ s[Vy
16. ""xmsLRisWVso[ s[Vy'' NRPR [sNTP xqsLiLijLiLij?
c \|qss= zmnsORPQs (aSxqsQ ss s[xmsRLi gRij)
17. IjLS {qsyLSsVRLiRLSso LSzqss ssaSxqsQ NRPR Gj?
c @RXaRPsNTP
18. AjLS dsLRiRLSso LSzqss NRPR Gj?
c AjOTPQ
19. NTPLij NRPVNRPV Lijs FyR][ gRi NRPR Gj?
c AjOTPQ
20. yLjiRNRP s[xmsRLi][ ""xmsxmnsLi'' NRPRsV LRiLissLRiV?
c sLijgjiLji sLiNRPRso
21. "C LS[y? xmsos{qsQ xmsosLji*yxLi, A ds' @s[ NRPRsV LSzqss
LRiRLiVV FssLRiV?
c Fs|msgRiR {qsdNRPVsWLji
22. ""xqsLixmnsW xmsLiRVV'' NRPR LSzqss LigS \syNRPVsLRiV?
c xqsVLRisLRiLi xmsyxmslLi`T
23. ""sVVgRiLiVV NRPRV'' FssLjis? c xqsVLRisLRiLi xmsyxmslLiT
24. [NRPLi[ xmsyLRiLigRi NRPR dxqsVN]s LSRVTs NRPy xqsLixmso?
c sVVgRiLiVV NRPRV
25. xqsVLRisLRiLi LSzqss xqs NRPR Gj? c gSLSRV LS N]y*
26. sLiNRPLSs @sys (s.AL`i.@sys) ]LigRixqsyzqs gRiVLjiLi LSzqss
NRPR Gj?
c LRiVgRiVV
27. sVLji, @sys, NRP[ NRPzqs LSzqss NRPR Gj? c WRRRV (1937)
28. LRiRLiVVR NRPR LSRVRLi N][xqsLi xms[ @sxqssV xqsW [RVs[xms
LRiLigSLSso LSzqss NRPR?
c yLRiLi L][ @sxqs
29. ""LiNSxmsosLRiVRLRi, }mnsxqsV FRLRiV, RVNRP }mssV zqs [*xtsQsVV'' @s[
NRPRV LSzqss xms NRPs FssLRiV? c NS[
30. ""NS[ NRPRV'' xqsLixmsoLi FsxmsVRV sVsTLij?
c 2000 xqsLiee

LigS[ s[V 18s

s xmnsyV!

31. ""\V'' NRPR xqsLixmso FssLjij? c F~xms LSsWLSso

32. RLi NRPR ""J xmsoso* xmspzqsLij'' sLi F~xms yLji NRPR Gj?
c sgjiLi NRPR
33. LSNUPRV yRVNRPV ANRPsV gRiVLjiLi F~xms LSzqss NRPR Gj?
c xqssWj xqsLi
34. WLRiV LRiLigRiyRLSso NRPR xqsLixmso Gj? c y*
35. NSsN`P ORPQVgRi ""xmssWRLi'' NRPy LRiRLiVVR FssLRiV?
c WLRiV LRiLigRiyRLSso
36. ""@sLi[NTP, sW LiVVLi['' sLi NRPy xqsLixmso NRPy LRiRLiVVR
FssLRiV?
c RLRiN][ bdPsyxqsVV
37. NSLiRsxms s sLiNRP LSsWLSso LSzqss NRPR xqsLixmso?
c ""sVs E[ NRPWyy?''
38. LigS xtsQ[ ""LRiVRVs'' NRPR LSzqss ylLisLRiV? c NSLiRsxms
39. @VRRV y][ NRPRV LSzqss sLRiV?
c NSLiRsxms
40. ""g] LSsVs*'' NRPR LSzqss xsVV uy xmsLiTRVsLRiV?
c zms.s. sLRizqsLiLSso
41. zms.s. sLRizqsLiLSso xmspLji }msLRiV?
c FyNRPVLji sLiNRP sLRizqsLiLSso
42. sLigRiLRi gSsVLi[ xmsos ryzds[R FssLRiV? c zms.s. sLRizqsLiLSso
43. zms.s. ALigRiLi[ LSzqss NRPR Gj?
c W zqs aSLki
44. ""g] LSsVs*'' NRPR NSNRPdRV xmsNRP[ G }msLRiV][ xmsRVLjiLiRTLij?
c "sRV' NRPLi }msLRiV][
45. sVVR \|qss= zmnsORPQs NRPRgS [ss FyLRiV?
c zqsLRiVgRiWLji RVLSso LSzqss "" xmsLRisWVso][ sVWy''
46. ""RVNRPV V'' NRPy xqsLixmso FssLjij? c {LS sVLjiRW
47. sWRXxtsQ VgRiV NSNRPFLiVVy VgRiV[ NRPRV LSzqss sLRiV?
c {LS sVLjiRW
48. ""\V[xms NRPRV'' LRiRLiVVR FssLRiV?
c sN][ A*LRiVxry*sV
49. sN][ sTzmss xmsNRP Gj? c sVgRiVR
50. LRiN][xqsLi, xmsLjilgi, sVRRVNRPV s[VR sLi NRPRV LSzqsssLRiV?
c A*LRiVxry*sV
51. \V[xms NRPR[ BsXRLi GsV? c @yRVLigS, @sWNRPNRPVVgS
\VbPORPQ @sVsxqsVs }msR sy RVzqs
52. ]RLRiLi[ LigS xtsQ[ NRPRV LSzqss xmszqsRVsLRiV?
c gRiWRWLji {qsyLSLi
53. gRiWRWLji {qsyLSLi LSzqss NRPRs?
c yyxmso 80
54. ""yLRiRV RVNRPV, dNRP g]RVgRiV'' sLi NRPRV LSzqssyLRiV FssLRiV?
c gRiWRWLji {qsyLSLi
55. @RVgRiV sLS FyR][ 20 NRPRV LSzqss rysVyR LRiRLiVVR
FssLRiV?
c . xqsVLRis
56. ""NRPXuyLSso NRPRV, ssLS'' @s[ NRPy xqsLixmso LRiRLiVVR FssLRiV?
c . xqsVLRis
57. LigS \lLiRVsRLi BsXRLigS ""B`'' @s[ NRPR LSzqss sLRiV?
c . xqsVLRis
58. ""RLRiLS'' NRPLi }msLRiV][ NRPRV LSzqssylLisLRiV?
c A*LRiVry*sV

9 G{m C|q

mx ][RLRigRi yL<jiNRP xmnsysV sP[ s 18s

[ks sRVR P[}qsLiRVNRPV xmsVR* xmsLkiORPQ sgRiLi

NRPxqsLRiRV P[rLij. Bs[ xmsLkiORPQ sVWLiNRPys
xmspLjiP[zqss @jNSLRiVV xmsxqsVRLi rysLig`i xmsNTPRVsV
P[xmsLRiV. C xmss xmspLRi[VLiRVNRPV xmsj L][
xqssVRVLi xmssVLiRgS.. yNTP 20 aSRLi BLiLRi
sWLRiVsV NRP}msLiRVNRPV sVL][ xmsj L][ xqssVRVLi
xmsRVRVLiRs @jNSLRiVV sxqsVyLRiV. xmsNTPRV
sVVys sP[ s 17s [k yNTP xmspLji P[RWs..
18s xmnsyV sRVR P[RWs sxqsVyLRiV.
@LiVV[ CryLji y Fy|qsqs P[xqsVs NRPLixmspL`i Gds=
N]Rj NSsRLi][ N]LiR AxqssV[V
@sNSaRPsVVLiRs @FyRWV sNRPsVsoRVyLiVV.
C s[xmsRLi[ 18s xmnsy sT dsVNSNRPF[ 21
[y 22s [ks sRVR P[}qsLiRVNRPV xmsLkiORPQ sgRiLi
NRPxqsLRiRV P[rLij.

gRiWms c 2 |qsxtsQ

$<|u

59. ""xqs*RVLixmsNSaRPLi'' NRPLi}msLRiV][ NRPRV LSzqss sLRiV?

c sVLji sWNRPLSso
60. ""GLiVVL`is[V'' NRPR FssLjij?
c sWNRPLSso
61. ""ss RXaSV'' NRPy xqsLixmso LRiRLiVVR FssLRiV?
c |msLiy s LSxmnsVsLSso
62. \|msTsVLji sLiNRPxqsVLSso LRiLis NRPy xqsLixmso? c DxtsQxqsV=
63. T. LSsVLigRiLi NRPy xqsLixmso }msLRiV?
c NSgjiRxmso xmsRsV
64. ""RV{qs RV, xqs*LRiNRPsVV'' NRPy xqsLixmsoV LSzqss LRiRLiVV
FssLRiV?
c BLiRV xqsLRixqs*d[s
65. BLiRVyLji G NRPy xqsLixmsoNTP ZNP[LiR ryzR @NSRdsV xsV
sLij?
c xqs*LRi NRPsVV
66. NRPy LRiRLiVVRgS xmszqsRV\s ""ryRs xqssV'' ssryxmsNRPVRV[
sVVVsLRiV?
c sWLji ZNP[aRPsry*sV
67. 12s GsVLiP[ LRiRsV FyLRiLiLis sLRiV? c sWLji ZNP[aRPsxry*sV
68. ""xmszqsTsV yLRjiyL`i'' NRPy xqsLixmso LRiRLiVVR FssLRiV?
c sWLji ZNP[aRPsxry*sV
69. ZNP[aRPsxry*sV G zLik LRiRLiVVR NRPR @sVsjLiyLRiV?
c }mssVRLi` (sWRFy gS)
70. ""xmszqsTsV'' NRPR xqsLixmso FssLjiNTP @LiNTPRdsVRVTLij?
c xqsLRi NRPXuyLSso
71. ""yLjiyL`i"" NRPR xqsLixmso FssLjiNTP @LiNTPRdsVRVTLij?
c sWLji ZNP[aRPsry*sV sVRVRV @LRiVks @x`NRPV
72. \|RLS` xqsLixqsX s[xmsRLigS ZNP[aRPsxry*sV LSzqss NRPy xqsLixmso?
c yLjiyL`i
73. ZNP[aRPsry*sV sLi xmsLjiFys[ LRiVgRiVRVs FdxqsV RLRi\|ms LSzqss
NRPR?
c RVVgSLiRLi
74. xqsVLRis, gRiWRWLji {qsyLRiLi G FyLiRxmso RWxqs[ NRPRV LSaSLRiV?
c NRPLkiLisgRiL`i RWxqs
75. sVVR[ gSLijNRP xtsQ[ NRPRV LSzqsssLRiV?
c IjLS rRLRiVV, AjLS sLi yLRiV
76. ""ALiR FyLiRLi[NRPy sVVLiRVgS LigS NRPR LRiRLiVVRV
ARVsNRPRsV yLRiV'' @s ssVLRi+NRPVLSV?
c sVVjgRiLi xqsVylLiT
77. ""xqsVsWLRiV ALRiVsLiR Gj xqsLisR=LRisVVNRPV sVVLiRV INRPy
ryRVLiNSsVV, HRVsLRi gRiLi s[, JLRiVgRiV...'' @LiW
FyLRiLi\sVs ] NRPRgS [s FyLRiV?
78. ""LigS ]RLRiLi NRPRV'' NRPV sVVLiRV sW LSzqs xqsLiNRPsLi P[zqss
LRiRLiVV FssLRiV?
c sVVjgRiLi xqsVylLiT
79. ""LigS ] yNRPV''NTP xqsLiFyRNRPVsLRiV?
c sVVjgRiLi xqsVylLiT, xqsLigjiZaP bdPsyqs
80. ""]y NRPRV''NTP xms }msLRiV][ sVVLiRVsW LSzqsLisLRiV?
c xqsLigjiZaP bdPsyqs

7s G{ms Fyd|qs
xmnsyV
AL Rxms[a`P[ FyNTPN`P TF~

AL Rxms[a`P BLidsLjiLig`i NSsVs FsLis= qs

(G{ms C|qs) c2016sV s[V 9s sLRi*zxqsVsV |qs

\LRis AyLRi FsLi.xqsLSL`i, NRPds*sL`i AyLRi {msAL`i
sVsVWLji FyLRiV. xmsLkiORPQNRPV xqsLijLis
ssLSsV sTLiyLRiV. C|qsNRPV sVVRLi 36,809
sVLij RLRixqsV P[xqsVNRPVsV FyLRiV.
LSxtsQyxmsLigS 68 xmsLkiOSQ ZNP[Liy[ LSR xmsLkiORPQ
sLRi*zxqsVsV sTLiyLRiV. @sLiRxmsoLRiLi[ 6, NSNTPyR[ 16, sRVyR[ 14, LRiVxms[ 9,
saS[ 13, gRiVLiWLRiV[ 8, sRVsgRiLRiLi[ 2
xmsLkiOSQ ZNP[LiyV GLSV P[xqsVysVs FyLRiV.

sW N][LRiV=[ xmss[aSsNTP LSxtsQyxmsLigS

333 xmsLkiORPQ ZNP[Liy[ sLRi*zLiyLRiV.
1,32,385 sVLij syLRiVV xmsLkiORPQNRPV
LRiRWLRis, yLji[ 94,655 sVLij
VLRiV, 37,730 sVLij NRPV
DyLRis DRRVOUPQ FyLRiV. sVVRLi
95.97 aSRLi sVLij xmsLkiORPQ LSaSLRis
FyLRiV. xmsaRPxmsRLi NUP s[V 3s, xmnsyV
7s sRVR P[rysVs xmsNRPLiyLRiV. xmn
yV sRVR\s sLis[ @LRiV
JFsLiAL`i xmsysV RsV Fsqsd @s[
s\|qs[ DLiRVysVs FyLRiV. s
sVVR yLRiLi[ N_s=Lig`i
FyLRiLirysVyLRiV.

c yNRPL`i y*y aSzqs

LigS ryz sVLi

ssRV[
{qs{qsG N][LRiV= FyLRiLiLi
R WLRiVg][ysLji [s AjNRPs ssRV saRP*syRVLi,

@sVLjiNS[s RVWssLji= Amns sLjis HLi`= (RVWdsH)][ NRPzqs

sLRi*zLiRsVs \|mnsys= s` {qs{qsG(xqsLjizmnsZNP Bs xmsN`P @N_Lids=)
@s[ N][LRiV=sV FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. {qs{qsG N][LRiV=sV AxmnsL`i P[}qs |qsLiL`i
sVs[aRPLi[ ssRV sLji=[V NSsRLi gRiLRi*NSLRisVs DxmsNRPVxms
FsLi.sVVyyRVVRV FyLRiV. sVd NRPLi|msdsV \|qsRLi C N][LRiV= P[zqss
yLjiNTP FyysLi BxqsVyRVs @yLRiV. C lLiLiRV sLji= sVR xqssVs*RV NRPLRigS Us AyLRi, Fsqs.[NTPs sRVsVLisV FyLRiV.
@sVLjiNS, RVV[ sWRs[V C N][LRiV=sV @LijxqsVysVs,
BxmsVRV ssRV sLji=[ @LijxqsVysVs RVWdsH Us, xqsW
Amns sqs s[Vs[sVLi F~|mnsxqsL`i LkisV= {ms|mnss ALi][s FyLRiV. C
N][LRiV=[ lLiLiRV LRiNSV DyRVs Fsqs.[NTP @yLRiV. BLiL`i RLS*R
yVlgi[V, Tgki RLS*R lLiLi[V C N][LRiV= RRsRs FyLRiV. BLiL`i
RLS*R P[lLi[yLjiNTP dNSLi AsL`i= Tgki][ FyV, {qs{qsG xqsLjizmnsZNP, Tgki
RLS*R P[lLi[yLjiNTP FsLidG \|mnsys= Tgki][ FyV {qs{qsG xqsLjizmnsZNP
@LiR[ryLRis ssLjiLiyLRiV.

22

F xmsLkiORPQ xms[NRPLi

$<|u

2 yT 2016

keTys+

@Li[RL`i LSysW P[zqss NSLRiLi?

1. yL`i ALkiNRPsWLi` ZNP[LiR rysLi Gj?

1. sW Td
2. sVV
3. DRLixmspL`i
4. NRPxmsoLS
2. "s[xtsQs T|mnss=' NS[ FsNRPRVLij?
1. NRPRN`P yry
2. A[LS
3. sVVLiV
4. \|y`
3. ryLiTs[RW, FsRVs [aS sWjLji ALiTRVs [aSV NRPWy
soLiLiVV. G LiRLi[ DyLiVV?
1. ROTPQ @sVLjiNS
2. xmsbPsV RVWLRims
3. RWLRiV AzqsRW
4. CaSs A}qsRW
4. @jNRP DugRiR[ NRPWy sxqsW ssryRV sLS[ ALRiLigS {qs*NRPLjixqsW
xmsxmsLiRLi[ lLiLiRs rysLi ANRPsVLi "ANS*N`P ZNPs'gS zmsVsRVRVs
P[xms }msLRiV.
1. L][x
2. R
3. RzmsRW
4. NS
5. "xmspLRiLi' xmsLiRgRi[ xmsxqsVV }ms sLiRsVLijNTP \|msgS sVLRiLiyLRiV. C
xmsLiRgRi ZNP[LRi[ FsxmsVRV FssLji P[R FyLRiLiLiRTLij.
1. 1754, RLixmspL`i LS
2. 1803, bdPNSsRLixmspLRis
3. 1920, xmssVV gSLi[RV yj @gRiLS*
4. 1944, xmsOTPQaSxqsQs[R xqsdLi @d
6. s|qsLiUqs 20 xmsxmsLiRNRPms lgisysNTP NSLRiNRPVRV @LiVVs NSL][qs ` sLiVV
s|qsLiTqs[s G FyLiysNTP LijsyRV.
1. xsWqs
2. LRi][qs
3. @LigRiVx
4. Fsqs.. NTP=
7. yLji yzmss BLigSLi`[ xmso @sVLjiNS[ }msLRiV xqsLiFyjLiRVNRPVs
xqs*LSLi`[ sVLRiLiyRV. C sVR @Rs "\sVsxmso sV'sV RRWLRiV
P[zqs |mss sVWRVLi }msLRiV.
1. ry=`
2. gkisss
3. [Ligki
4. s[xtsQs sVWRVLi c LiRs
8. sRVLi }tsQN`PzqsRVL`i xqssWjs C sVR "rys' P[zqs ALSqsV @Rs
"xmsolLi' sVqs @LiVVsV NRPsVg]yLRiV. @Rs xqssWj Ds xms[aRPLi gRiVLjiLiRLiT.
1. gkiss`
2. LiRs
3. rysFnL`i @ms As @ss= 4. gjiL`i x[RL`i
9. @Li[RL`i LSysW P[zqss NSLRiLi?
1. LjilLi[*xtsQs F~RgjiLixmso
2. ALjiNRP 370
3. zLiRWN][`
4. sVVzqsLi xmsLRi=s
10. "Fyqs Amns lLi[sWxtsQs' G [aRP @jNSLjiNRP ssLi.
1. yL`i N]LjiRW
2. \y
3. NRPW
4. \yqs
11. FsRVlLiRVLRiVgS sP[ \lLiV xmssWysNTP gRiVLjiNSNRPVLiy "{qsGFsqs' N][[s
"AL`iTFsqsJ' @sXj P[zqsLij. ys [aRPLi[ sVVRryLjigS
xmsWgSRNRPLigS FsNRPRLi xms[aRP |msLRiV.
1. Fss.AL`i
2. Fsqs.AL`i
3. Fsqs.B.AL`i
4. Fsqs.zqs.AL`i

12. xmsNSa`PLS RRR dxqsVNRPVs N]LiylLiTxms G [ DLij.

1. LRiLigSlLiT
2. sVRN`P
3. sVxWsgRiL`i
4. sLiR
13. NSsVLRiWxmsLSLi [sNTP @xqsV }msLRiV.
1. NRPLigRi
2. LigS
3. @ry=Li
4. LS
14. G RVVy s RVVR LRiV NTPLijNTP N][zsWL`i \sVLi` tsQ yLji...
1. ALig][ sVLShSRVVyV
2. ALig][ xmss RVVyV
3. ALig][ c zqsNRPV RVVyV
4. ALig][ NRPLSNRP RVVyV
15. N][zsWL`i \sVLi`sV DLiNTPxqsW sVV sVVRgS tsQyLjiNTP [ LSzqsLij
FssLRiV?
1. ryL`iLig`i 3
2. sVVgRi FyRVuy
3. sx
4. BLijLSgSLik
16. "sVWRs NRPsV' @s[j INRP
1. {qs{qs ZNPsVLS
2. INRP {qsLjiRV
3. Fszmszms
4. RVVR ssWsLi
17. HHV, HHFsLiV gSsW RRRNRPV xqsLiLijLi xmsVR*Li FyLRiLiLis
xmsRNRPLi }msLRiV.
1. xqsL][*s @RWs
2. gSsWs @RWs
3. gSsWVRRV @RWs 4. DsR LRi` @RWs
18. gSsWsV RRR dxqsVNRPVs sVVsVVR RVssLji=.
1. RVVssLji= Amns sVLSxts 2. @ysV\ RVVssLji=
3. sLiZNP[[aRP*LRi RVWssLji=
4. B.Fsmns.Fs.RVV
19. zms.H.Fs xqsLixmsyRWsNTP bdPNSLRiLi RVLij xqsVzmsLiN][LRiV. ALjiNRP 32 NTPLiR
zms.H.FssV syLjixqsVLij. Bj G xqsLisR=LRiLi[ sVVR\Lij.
1. 1952
2. 1969
3. 1973
4. 1975
20. .[. 183 [sNTP xqsLiLijLiLij.
1. x}qs=s rygRiL`i xmsOSQs
2. sVWzqssj xmsOSQs
3. rygRiL`i RVV ANSaRP xLSV 4. xqsVs L`i sV[
21. }qs*y, xqssWsR*Li xNRPVV xqssVR @sXjNTP sWLRiRLRi+NSV @sj
FssLRiV?
1. @Li[RL`i
2. V LS[LiRxmsry`
3. y}msLiVV
4. sWU
22. ALiy E[ @s [s zmsVryLRiV.
1. @LRiNRPV
2. xL`i=z=
3. LizqsLigji
4. zqsLiRLi
23. sVRL`iLi`, FyRL`iLi` @s[ yV RVWLRims sVLiT jgRiVsV
@LiVVyLiVV. sVLji "LRi`' @s[ xmsRLi FssLRiV NTPLis aSxqssLi[

24.

25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

NRPszmsxqsVLij.
1. g_RsVxmsoR aSRNRPLji
2. xL<RiVRV
3. @a][NRPVRV
4. LRis[VRV
LRi` sWyNTP @s @sysNTP sLSNRPLjiLis FsLi.H.FsLi aSxqssxqsVRV
sVLSxtsQ @|qsLid sVLiT xqs|qsLi` @LiVVyRV. ARVs }msLRiVsV gRiVLjiLiRLiT.
1. yLjiqs @V
2. yLjiqs xmshSs
3. sVx`
4. @xRV x
s[LRixqsVsgS sVVR xmsTs AaSLSLixmso AaRPsVLi FsNRPRVLij?
1. Td
2. sVVLiV
3. @xy`
4. NRPNRPy
"sWs\ZNPLi`' sWgRis FssLRiV ryzmsLiyLRiV.
1. LSLisV[xL`i[zRW
2. aSLixmsry` sVVLji
3. RVxmsNSa`P yLSRV
4. BLiTRVs ][LRiVR`
yRVrysLi LjiNSLRiV[NTP "VgRiV'sV FsNTPLis xmnsVsR FssLjij?
1. zms.s. aRPLRi
2. zms.Fss.Fsqs. xmsNSa`P
3. LS
4. ssNRP
|`.FsLi.T.G. sV=[ Fss LRiVsoV DyLiVV.
1. 4500
2. 4000
3. 3000
4. 2800
{qsQV / sVzsV @jNSLjiNRPLigS @sVsVLis y y[ [sj.
1. aRPLjisV
2. aRPs aSxmnsVxmspL`i
3. [WL`i sZNP[aRPs ARVLi 4. x @ RLS
"ARVsNRP sxqsR*Li' @sRgjis s[aSsX sVs [aSs xms {msTxqsWs[ DLij.
BLiNS xqsVsWLRiV FsLiR sVLij ysN]LRi[ NRPVNRPVFRWLRiV.
1. 15 ORPQ sVLij
2. 4 N][ sVLij
3. 50 ORPQ sVLij
4. 2 N][ sVLij

xqssWyyV
1. 3
7. 2
13. 3
19. 3
25. 3

2.3
8. 3
14.1
20. 4
26. 1

3. 1
9. 3
15. 3
21. 1
27. 2

4. 3
10. 3
16. 3
22. 2
28. 2

5. 2
11. 4
17. 4
23. 4
29. 3

c N]sVLS NRPVsWLRiry*sV
Lig`i FsLiWqs, |qs:9666699433

6. 2
12. 3
18. 4
24. 2
30. 3